心房颤动对不同心功能分级的患者血浆脑钠肽水平的影响

目的探讨心房颤动（房颤）对不同心功能分级患者血浆氨基末端脑钠素前体（NT—proBNP）水平的影响。方法入选191例心力衰竭患者,按心功能情况分为两组：轻度心力衰竭组（NY—HA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级）及重度心力衰竭组（NYHA分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级）。另选84例非心力衰竭患者为对照组。测定患者NT-proBNP的水平,并将之对数转化。分析房颤对三组患者NT-proBNP水平的影响情况,以及房颤、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、NT—proBNP水平之间的关系;同时,运用多元回归寻找三组患者NT—proBNP水平的独立影响因素。结果非心力衰竭组中,房颤亚组的NT-proBNP水平比窦性心律亚组高[（2．95±0．41）ng／L vs（2．21±0．44）ng／L,P〈0．01],年龄、房颤和左心房内径（LAD）是NT—proBNP水平的独立影响因素（P〈0．001）。轻度心力衰竭组中,房颤亚组的NT—proBNP水平比窦性心律亚组高[（3．26±0．40）ng／LVS（2．98±0．54）ng／L,P〈0．05],房颤、LAD、左心室收缩末内径（LVESD）和LVEF是NT—proBNP水平的独立影响因素（P〈0．05）。重度心力衰竭组中,房颤亚组的NT—proBNP水平与窦性心律亚组差异无统计学意义（（3．59±0．52）ng／L vs（3．56±0．55）ng／L,P=0．73],年龄和LVEF是NT-proBNP水平的独立影响因素（P〈0．05）。当LVEF〈0．40时,房颤组与窦性心律组NT—proBNP水平差异无统计学意义[（3．70±0．60）ng／LVS（3．46±0．56）ng／L,P〉0．103;当LVEFt〉0．4,房颤组的NT-proBNP水平比窦性心律组高[（3．08±0．57）ng／LVS（2．67±0．73）ng／L,P〈0．001]。结论房颤对不同心功能分级的患者血浆NT-proBNP水平的影响是不同的：对于心功能良好的患者或轻度异常的患者（NYHA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级或LVEF〉0．40）,房颤可使患者的NT-proBNP水平上升,而对于心功能重度异常患者（NYHA分级Ⅲ、Ⅳ级或LVEF≤0．40）,     

心力衰竭合并房颤患者血浆脑钠肽水平的变化及相关分析

目的探讨血浆脑钠肽（BNP）水平在心力衰竭（心衰）合并房颤患者中的变化及其临床意义。方法将100例心衰患者按是否存在房颤分为房颤组、窦性心律组。分别检测两组血浆BNP、NYHA分级以及左房、左室舒张末内径。结果①房颤组血浆BNP浓度高于窦性心律组,在相同的NYHA心功能分级亚组中,房颤组BNP水平在心功能Ⅱ级与Ⅲ组中显著高于窦性心律组。②心衰合并房颤患者血浆BNP水平与患者年龄（r=0．794,P〈0．01）、房颤持续时间（r=0．698,P〈0．01）、左心房大小（r=0．739,P〈0．01）、左室大小（r=0．839,P〈0．01）呈正相关。结论心衰合并房颤患者BNP水平明显高,且与年龄、房颤持续时间、左房、左室内径有关。     

房颤患者血清脑钠素的变化及其与心功能的关系

对98例持续性房颤患者（房颤组）及53例窦性心律者（对照组）进行血清脑钠素（BNP）、肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、醛固酮水平检测，并行经胸心脏超声检查。发现房颤组BNP水平明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）；多元线性逐步回归分析显示，左心房前后径、AngⅡ是高血BNP的独立预测因素。房颤组心衰患者血BNP水平与左室缩短分数、左室舒张末内径明显相关，房颤组心功能正常者血BNP水平与心房收缩时间、舒张早期时间明显相关。     

射血分数正常的心力衰竭患者全血N-末端脑钠肽前体浓度变化

目的评估射血分数正常的心力衰竭（心衰）患者全血N-末端脑钠肽前体（N—terminalpro—brainnatriureticpeptide,NT—pro—BNP）浓度的变化。方法入选78例心脏病患者分为3组：心功能正常组22例,射血分数正常心衰（heartfailurewithpreservedejectionfrction,HFPEF）组33例,射血分数减低心衰（heartfailurewithreducedejectionfraction．HFREF）组23例。测定患者的全血NT—pro．BNP浓度并进行超声心动图检查。结果HFPEF组患者全血NT．proBNP浓度高于心功能正常组[（1424±996）pg／mL vS．（167±117）pg／mL,P〈0．01],低于HFREF组[（1424±996）mg／Lvs（5910±2828）mg／L,P〈0．01],差异有统计学意义。心衰患者全血NT—proBNP浓度与射血分数呈负相关（r=-0．72,P〈0．01）,与左心房内径（r=0．34,P〈0．05）、左心室舒张末内径（r=O．61,P〈0．05）及左心室收缩末内径（r=0．62,P〈0．05）、E／A比值（r=0．40,P〈0．05）呈正相关。结论HFPEF患者全血NT—pro—BNP浓度升高．但升高幅度不如HFREF患者明显。     

心房颤动患者血浆B型利钠肽水平和内皮素-1水平的变化及临床意义

目的探讨血浆B型利钠肽（BNP）水平和内皮素-1水平在心房颤动患者中的变化及临床意义。方法选取55例持续性心房颤动患者和34例窦性心律患者，检测其血浆BNP与ET-1浓度、NYHA分级及左室舒张末内径（LVEDD）。结果（1）心房颤动组血浆BNP、ET-1水平显著高于窦性心律组，同时在相同NYHA亚组和相同LVEDD亚组的比较中，心房颤动组BNP、ET-1水平在心功能Ⅱ级与Ⅲ亚组中显著高于窦性心律组；（2）两组血浆BNP、ET-1水平随心功能严重程度的增加而升高；（3）两组血浆BNP、ET-1水平在LVEDD≥60mm亚组均显著高于LVEDD〈60mm亚组，在LVEDD相同亚组的对比中，两组BNP与ET-1差异无统计学意义：（4）直线相关性分析显示，两组患者血浆BNP、ET-1水平与NYHA和LVEDD均呈正相关（均P〈0．01）。结论房颤患者BNP和ET-1分泌增加，且心衰程度越重，血浆BNP、ET-1浓度越高。另外，随着LVEDD的增大，血浆BNP、ET-1水平升高越明显，相关分析显示血浆BNP、ET-1水平随着心衰程度加重及左心室内径扩大而上升。     

风心病房颤患者心房纤维化程度与房颤复律后窦性心律维持的关系

41例风湿性心脏病（风心病）二尖瓣病变患者（房颤29例，窦性心律12例）行心脏外科手术时取右心耳组织，用V—G染色法和VIDAS-21图像分析系统测量其心房组织胶原容积分数（CVF）。结果房颤患者的心房组织CVF明显高于窦性心律患者（P〈0．05）。房颤患者均转复为窦性心律，随访12个月后，维持窦性心律20例，转为房颤9例；房颤复发患者的心房组织CVF、房颤持续时间和左房内径均明显大于维持窦性心律患者（P〈0．05）。提示心房纤维化程度可能是影响风心病房颤患者复律后窦性心律维持的因素之一。     

持续性心房颤动患者血清脑利钠肽水平变化及对复律的影响

目的观察持续性房颤患者血清脑利钠肽（BNP）水平的变化并探讨其与持续性房颤患者复律治疗后预后的关系。方法选取34例持续性房颤患者为房颤组和40例正常人群为对照组,检测两组人群的血清BNP。房颤组患者使用胺碘酮和电复律转复为窦性心律后随访3月,复律次日及随访结束时检测所有房颤患者的BNP。3月内复发的患者为复发组,维持窦律者为窦律组。回顾性分析两组患者的临床资料和血清BNP水平。结果房颤组患者血清BNP水平[（248．7±32．1）ng／L]明显高于对照组[（52．9±11．2）ng／L]（P〈0．05）。34例房颤患者复律后随访3月,其中12例房颤复发,复发率为35．3％。复律前复发组患者BNP水平[（344．6±40．7）ng／L]显著高于窦律组[（139．9±21．7）ng／L]（P〈0．05）;复律后次日两组患者BNP分别为（84．2±12．3）ng／L、（77．9±15．6）ng／L,两组比较差异无显著性;随访3月后,复发组患者BNP水平[（269．2±24．1）ng／L]显著高于窦律组[（58．7±16．9）ng/L]（P〈0．05）。结论持续性房颤患者血清BNP水平升高,且BNP水平与持续性房颤复律治疗的预后相关。     

脑钠肽对老年人心房颤动复律和复发的评价作用

目的 通过测定老年人窦性心律（窦律）患者和心房颤动（房颤）患者复律前后的血清脑钠肽（BNP）浓度，探讨其对老年房颤患者的评价作用及在房颤复律前后中的应用价值。方法 选择心功能正常的老年患者102例，其中阵发性房颤28例，持续性房颤40例，窦律34例，采用放射免疫方法测定窦律患者血清BNP浓度，同时对房颤患者进行复律，测定复律前、复律后24h及30d的血清BNP浓度。结果 老年房颤患者的血清BNP浓度显著高于窦律患者，并在复律后显著降低，差异有统计学意义。窦律维持组的血清BNP浓度低于房颤复发组[（238．24±97．45）pg／ml vs（323．24±62．78）pg／ml，P〈0．05]。单因素分析显示年龄、左心房内径、房颤持续时间及BNP浓度与房颤的复发有关，多因素回归分析显示BNP浓度和年龄是复律后房颤复发的独立影响因子。结论 BNP的检测可能对老年人房颤的诊断和评估、预测复律的疗效及房颤的复发具有重要的临床价值。     

炎症在老年性心房颤动中的作用

目的探讨炎症在老年性心房颤动（AF）、心房重构的发生及持续中的作用。方法选择88例老年患者,其中持续性房颤组30例,阵发性房颤组30例,窦性心律组28例。所有入选患者进行心脏超声心动图检查,并检测患者外周血高敏C-反应蛋白（hs—CRP）、血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）水平。结果外周血hs—CRP、ACE水平持续性房颤组为（8．9±2．6）mg／ml、（89．7±11．3）U／L,阵发性房颤组为（4．7±2．3）mg／ml、（39．6±10．6）U／L,窦性心律组为（1．9±0．7）mg／ml、（36．8±10．5）U／L。持续性房颤组外周血ACE、hs—CRP水平高于阵发性房颤组和窦性心律组（P〈0．05）,阵发性房颤组外周血hs—CRP水平高于窦性心律组（P〈0．05）,阵发性房颤组ACE水平与窦性心律组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论外周血hs—CRP、ACE水平增高与心房颤动的发生和持续可能相关。     

心房肌钙激活中性蛋白酶基因转录表达改变与心房颤动的关系

目的研究风湿性心脏瓣膜病（风心病）心房颤动（房颤）患者心房肌细胞钙激活中性蛋白酶（calpain1、calpain2）、钙激活中性蛋白酶（calpastatin）及L-型电压依赖钙通道alc亚基（LVDCCalc）的基因转录，探讨房颤患者心房肌电重构和结构重构以及心功能下降的分子生物学机制及其在房颤发生维持中的作用。方法采集风心病窦性心律组患者12例和房颤组患者16例的右心耳组织，应用半定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法，测定心房肌calpain1、calpain2、calpastatin及LVDCCalc的mRNA表达水平。应用电镜观察房颤组与窦性心律组心房肌细胞超微结构。结果与窦性心律组相比，房颤组心房肌calpain1的mRNA表达水平上调（P〈0．05），LVDCCalc的mRNA表达水平显著下调（P〈0．01），且与calpainl的mRNA表达呈负相关（r=-0．583，P=0．019），而calpain2和calpastatin的mRNA表达水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；电镜结果显示房颤组心房肌细胞超微结构发生明显变化。结论房颤患者心房肌细胞calpain1和LVDCCalc的转录水平调控失衡，提示calpain1激活影响心肌细胞结构和通道蛋白水平，与房颤心房电重构和结构重构有关。     

Natriuretic peptides in patients with atrial fibrillation and advanced chronic heart failure: determinants and prognostic value of (NT-)ANP and (NT-pro)BNP.

AIMS: To study the determinants of natriuretic peptides in advanced chronic heart failure (CHF) patients with and without atrial fibrillation (AF) and to evaluate the prognostic value of natriuretic peptides in AF compared with sinus rhythm patients with advanced CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study group comprised 354 advanced CHF patients [all New York Heart Association (NYHA) III/IV], including 76 AF patients. AF patients were older (70+/-7 vs. 67+/-8; P=0.01), and non-ischaemic CHF was more common (42 vs. 19%; P=0.002) than in sinus rhythm patients, but left-ventricular ejection fraction was comparable (0.23+/-0.08 vs. 0.24+/-0.07; P=ns). At baseline, (NT-)ANP and NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in AF patients, compared with those in sinus rhythm. By multivariate regression analysis, AF was identified as independent determinant of (NT-)ANP, but not of (NT-pro)BNP levels. After a mean follow-up of 3.2+/-0.9 (range 0.4-5.4) years, cardiovascular mortality was comparable (55 vs. 47%; P=ns). In both groups, AF and sinus rhythm, NT-proBNP [AF: adjusted HR 5.8 (1.3-25.4), P=0.02; sinus rhythm: adjusted HR 3.1 (1.7-5.7), P<0.001] was an independent risk indicator of cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSION: In advanced CHF patients, AF affects (NT-)ANP levels, but not (NT-pro)BNP levels. NT-proBNP is an independent determinant of prognosis in advanced CHF, irrespective of the rhythm, AF, or sinus rhythm.     

Influence of atrial fibrillation on plasma von willebrand factor, soluble E-selectin, and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels in systolic heart failure

BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction is present in patients with heart failure (HF) due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction, as well as in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who have normal cardiac function. It is unknown whether AF influences the degree of endothelial dysfunction in patients with systolic HF. METHODS: We measured levels of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) and E-selectin (as indexes of endothelial damage/dysfunction and endothelial activation, respectively; both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in patients with AF and HF (AF-HF), who were compared to patients with sinus rhythm and HF (SR-HF), as well as in age-matched, healthy, control subjects. We also assessed the relationship of vWF and E-selectin to plasma N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NTpro-BNP), a marker for HF severity and prognosis. RESULTS: One hundred ninety patients (73% men; mean age, 69.0 +/- 10.1 years [+/- SD]) with systolic HF were studied, who were compared to 117 healthy control subjects: 52 subjects (27%) were in AF, while 138 subjects (73%) were in sinus rhythm. AF-HF patients were older than SR-HF patients (p = 0.046), but left ventricular ejection fraction and New York Heart Association class were similar. There were significant differences in NT-proBNP (p < 0.0001) and plasma vWF (p = 0.003) between patients and control subjects. On Tukey post hoc analysis, AF-HF patients had significantly increased NT-proBNP (p < 0.001) and vWF (p = 0.0183) but not E-selectin (p = 0.071) levels when compared to SR-HF patients. On multivariate analysis, the presence of AF was related to plasma vWF levels (p = 0.018). Plasma vWF was also significantly correlated with NT-proBNP levels (Spearman r = 0.139; p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of greater endothelial damage/dysfunction in AF-HF patients when compared to SR-HF patients. The clinical significance of this is unclear but may have prognostic value.     

NT-ProBNP predicts rhythm stability after cardioversion of lone atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was: (1) to determine the predictive value of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) on the success of an elective direct-current cardioversion; and (2) to assess the ability to monitor rhythm stability after electrical cardioversion in patients with lone atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-three patients with lone AF were provided with an Holter-ECG for a follow-up period of 4 weeks after elective cardioversion. NT-proBNP serum levels were measured before and 4 weeks after cardioversion. All patients presented with increased NT-proBNP serum levels (median 874 pg/ml, interquartile range 703-1,355) before cardioversion. Thirty patients were in sinus rhythm (SR) during follow-up. These patients showed a significant NT-proBNP-decrease (759 pg/ml, 618-1,139 to 318 pg/ml, 200-523, p<0.05). Nineteen patients experienced a relapse of AF. NT-proBNP was significantly higher prior to cardioversion in comparison to patients without relapse (p<0.05) and remained unchanged during follow-up (1,124 pg/ml, 925-1,542 vs 1,256 pg/ml, 945-1,509, p=NS). Four patients had short periods of silent AF detected by Holter ECG. These patients had a smaller decrease in NT-proBNP than patients with stable SR. The area under the curve of the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.8 for NT-proBNP to predict a successful cardioversion. Using an optimized cut-off level of 900 pg/ml, successful cardioversion can be predicted with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: The probability of a successful cardioversion correlates inversely with NT-proBNP values. The short-term success of a cardioversion might be predicted by prior determination of NT-proBNP.     

Coagulation, fibrinolytic system activation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with mitral stenosis and sinus rhythm

Anticoagulation treatment can prevent systemic embolism in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and atrial fibrillation (AF), but this treatment is under debate if patients are in sinus rhythm. The authors aimed to determine the hemostatic changes in patients with MS and sinus rhythm. Forty-six patients (28 in sinus rhythm and 18 in AF) with mitral stenosis were enrolled in this study. They studied systemic venous fibrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombin-III, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-I (PAI-I), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and platelet factor 4 (PF 4) in these patients. The patients were first classified according to their rhythm as sinusal and AF, and then according to the presence of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (LASEC). Fibrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombin-III, vWF, and PF 4 levels were significantly greater in patients with MS and sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Whether the rhythm was sinus or AF, fibrinogen, D-dimer, antithrombin-III, vWF, and PF 4 levels were significantly higher in patients with LASEC than in the control group (p < 0.05). Only PF 4 was higher in the AF group than in those with sinus rhythm (p < 0.05). As to plasminogen activator and PAI-I levels, only tissue plasminogen activator levels were found to be higher in the AF group than in those with sinus rhythm and the control group (p < 0.05). In patients with mitral stenosis and sinus rhythm, if LASEC is present, coagulation activation, platelet activation, and endothelial dysfunction are similar in patients with AF, and anticoagulation should be considered in these patients.     

阵发性心房颤动患者血清N-末端脑钠肽前体水平变化及其临床意义

目的:观察心房颤动(房颤)对非瓣膜性心脏病患者血清N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平的影响,并探讨其临床意义.方法:采用ELISA法测定98例非瓣膜性心脏病阵发性房颤及40例窦性心律患者血清NT-proBNP水平.对阵发性房颤患者采取药物复律,测定复律前后血清NT-proBNP水平变化.结果:阵发性房颤患者血清NT-proBNP水平明显高于窦性心律患者(P＜0.01);成功复律的阵发性房颤患者复律前NT-proBNP水平明显高于成功复律后(P＜0.01);未成功复律者复律前后NT-proBNP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);成功复律者复律前的NT-proBNP水平明显低于未成功复律者(P＜0.01).结论:房颤是影响脑钠肽分泌的重要因素,入院时血清NT-proBNP水平对房颤药物复律效果具有预测价值.     

缺血性心力衰竭患者心房颤动与血清尿酸水平的关联性

目的 探讨缺血性心力衰竭（HF）患者心房颤动（AF）与血清尿酸（SUA）水平的关联性。方法 连续性收集于2012年10月~2014年10月就诊于佛山市中医院的缺血性HF患者363例,根据心电图或者病史记录将患者分为AF组和无AF组,比较两组间基线特征及SUA与AF的相关性。结果 363例患者中,共有78例患者患有AF,285例患者为正常窦性心律。与无AF患者相比,AF患者的SUA水平显著提高〔(64±21) vs.(57±19) mg/L,P<0.01〕。同时,AF组患者的年龄更大〔(71±8) vs.(66±11)岁,P<0.01〕。此外,AF患者的超声心动图指标,包括左室射血分数、左房内径、左心室舒张末期内径以及左心室舒张末期容积,同样显著高于窦性心律正常的患者。多因素回归分析显示,校正相关影响因素后,SUA水平仍为AF的独立相关因素(OR=1.27,95% CI,1.06-1.52,P≤0.01)。结论 SUA水平是缺血性HF患者AF的独立相关因素。     

The diagnostic utility of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide for the detection of major structural heart disease in patients with atrial fibrillation.

AIMS: To assess the role of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the diagnosis of major structural heart disease (MSHD) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with those with sinus rhythm (SR) using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. NT-proBNP is elevated in MSHD and heart failure (HF). AF, a common finding in HF and MSHD, is also associated with raised plasma NT-proBNP. As a result, the utility of NT-proBNP for predicting MSHD may be reduced. METHODS AND RESULTS: One thousand four hundred and seventy-six patients underwent assessment at a single centre, performed without the knowledge of NT-proBNP levels. MSHD included left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunctions, left-sided valvular disease, right heart disease (including pulmonary hypertension) and severe LV hypertrophy. One hundred and fifty-five patients were excluded due to renal impairment, atrial flutter, or a pacemaker. Seven hundred and ninety-three patients were diagnosed with MSHD. Median NT-proBNP concentrations for patients with MSHD were 960 (IQR 359-2625) pg/mL and 2491 (1443-4368) pg/mL for SR (n = 591) and AF (n = 202), respectively (P < 0.001). Patients without MSHD had NT-proBNP levels of 179 (90-401) pg/mL and 1000 (659-1760) pg/mL for SR (n = 454) and AF (n = 74), respectively (P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve for NT-proBNP to detect MSHD was 0.79 for SR (95% CI 0.77-0.82) and 0.78 for AF (95% CI 0.72-0.84). NT-proBNP cut-off levels necessary to achieve a 1 in 100 false negative rate were 27.5 (7.5-30.5) pg/ml and 524 (253-662) pg/ml for SR and AF, respectively. CONCLUSION: NT-proBNP performs as well in patients with SR as in those with AF. However, significantly higher cut-off levels are required for patients with AF to achieve similar levels of diagnostic specificity.     

心房颤动患者血清心锚重复蛋白的变化及临床意义

目的:探讨血清心锚重复蛋白(CARP)在心房颤动(房颤)中的变化及临床意义。方法:选择房颤组64例和窦性心律(窦律)组60例,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)检测入选者血清CARP浓度,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果:房颤组CARP水平高于窦律组[(8.08±1.23)ng/L∶(7.09±1.05)ng/L,P<0.05],持续性房颤亚组CARP水平高于阵发性亚组[(8.24±1.27)ng/L∶(7.83±1.30)ng/L,P<0.05]。结论:房颤患者的血清CARP浓度水平明显增高,血清CARP浓度水平与心房颤动的发生和维持有一定联系。