结核分枝杆菌mpt51基因原核表达载体的构建、表达和纯化

目的 构建结核分枝杆菌mpt51基因原核表达载体并进行表达、纯化.方法 用PCR扩增结核分枝杆菌mpt51基因,并克隆入pTA2质粒.测序正确后.再亚克隆人pET30a(+)质粒,构建pET30a(+):mpt51重组体.结果 以pET30a(+):mpt51转化BL21(DE3)后.经0.4 mmol/L异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷诱导,重组菌表达出相对分子质量为38 000的重组蛋白.SDS-PAGE分析显示,异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷诱导4小时重组蛋白的表达量最高.表达蛋白以包涵体形式存在于胞质中.表达量占全菌蛋白质的30%.经Ni-NTA树脂纯化,获得纯度为90%的重组蛋白.结论 成功地构建原核表达载体pET30a(+):mpt51,并获得MPT51重组蛋白.为血清学诊断活动性结核病奠定了基础.     

日本血吸虫未知基因的原核表达载体的构建和表达分析

目的构建日本血吸虫未知基因的原核表达载体,研究基因性质. 方法首先将从日本血吸虫成虫cDNA文库中筛选得到的未知基因cDNA JAYL0230亚克隆入原核表达载体pET28a(+)中,IPTG诱导重组蛋白的表达,免疫印记实验检测其免疫性质. 结果成功构建重组原核表达载体pET28a(+)-JAYL0230,并获得稳定表达的融合蛋白,免疫印记实验证明该融合蛋白具有免疫反应性. 结论本实验为进一步深入研究该基因的性质及功能提供了基础.     

中国中部地区间日疟原虫分离株Duffy血型结合蛋白Ⅱ区的克隆表达与初步鉴定

目的克隆中国中部地区间日疟原虫分离株Duffy血型结合蛋白Ⅱ区基因(PvDBPⅡ),体外表达和鉴定重组PvDBPⅡ蛋白。方法PCR法从间日疟患者血液DNA样品中扩增PvDBPⅡ基因,将产物插入到原核表达载体pET28a(+)中,构建pET28a PvDBPⅡ重组表达质粒,转化大肠埃希菌(E.coli)BL21(DE3+),异丙基βD硫代吡喃半乳糖苷诱导表达带有His标签的重组蛋白,采用镍柱亲和层析纯化重组蛋白,相应表达物分别采用十二烷基磺酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和Western blot进行分析鉴定。结果PCR扩增的PvDBPII基因为1.1 kb,重组pET28a PvDBPⅡ质粒经测序验证,其插入片段序列与GenBank参考序列相似性为99%,转化E.coli所表达的重组蛋白分子量约为44 kDa,且能被间日疟患者血清特异性识别。结论成功克隆了PvDBPⅡ基因,表达了重组PvDBPII蛋白,为进一步研究基于PvDBPⅡ的红内期间日疟疫苗奠定了基础。     

空肠弯曲菌CadF蛋白的原核表达与产物分析

目的构建空肠弯曲菌cadF基因重组表达质粒pET30a(+)-cadF,分析其在大肠埃希菌中的表达情况及其融合蛋白的抗原性。方法用PCR方法扩增cadF基因,构建重组克隆质粒和表达质粒,经菌落PCR、双酶切和测序鉴定后在E.coli(DE3)原核表达系统中诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和飞行时间质谱鉴定表达蛋白,Western blot分析其抗原性。结果含重组表达载体pET-30a(+)-cadF中的cadF基因序列经测序证实与出发菌株cadF基因序列100%同源,并成功诱导表达CadF蛋白,Westernblot显示该CadF融合蛋白能被抗空肠弯曲菌多克隆兔血清识别。结论成功构建了空肠弯曲菌cadF基因重组表达载体,表达产物具有抗原性。     

刚地弓形虫Peroxiredoxin多克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

目的 原核表达刚地弓形虫过氧化物氧化还原酶(peroxiredoxin,Prx)并制备多克隆抗体。方法 PCR技术扩增弓形虫cDNA中的prx基因,克隆至pET-28a(+)载体,构建prx/pET-28a(+)重组表达载体,转化至大肠埃希菌(E.coli)Rosetta中诱导表达。亲和层析纯化重组Prx蛋白,并制备兔多克隆抗体,蛋白印迹技术对多克隆抗体进行鉴定。结果 成功从弓形虫cDNA中扩增出prx目的基因,构建了prx/pET-28a(+)重组质粒,获得抗Prx重组蛋白的多克隆抗体。蛋白印迹技术检测出弓形虫Prx的特异性条带。结论 重组弓形虫Prx制备的多克隆抗体能检测Prx在弓形虫速殖子表达。     

色素上皮细胞衍生因子原核表达重组体的构建

目的 构建色素上皮细胞衍生因子(PEDF)原核表达重组体。方法 从胚胎绒毛中提取总RNA，经RT-PCR扩增，获得编码人PEDF的全基因序列，采用T-A克隆法，将PEDF基因克隆人pMD18-T载体中并转化人E．coli JM 109，经DNA测序正确后构建原核表达重组体pET28a-PEDF。转化E．coli DH5a。结果 经酶切及DNA测序鉴定，获得了PEDF原核表达重组体pET28a-PEDF。结论 构建了PEDF原核表达重组体pET28a-PEDF，为获得重组PEDF奠定了基础。     

刚地弓形虫硫氧还蛋白基因的克隆 表达及鉴定

目的 目的 克隆刚地弓形虫硫氧还蛋白 （Thioredoxin,Trx） 基因, 构建原核表达载体, 通过诱导表达和纯化蛋白, 免 疫家兔制备多克隆抗体。方法 方法 采用PCR技术扩增刚地弓形虫Trx基因, 克隆至原核表达载体pET?28a （+） 中, 转化大肠 埃希菌 （E. coli） Rosetta, 用IPTG诱导目的蛋白表达, 采用镍亲和层析法获得纯化蛋白并免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体。利用 Western blotting技术鉴定多克隆抗体的特异性。结果 结果 成功从刚地弓形虫 cDNA 中扩增出 Trx 目的基因, 构建了 Trx/pET?28a （+） 重组质粒, 获得抗Trx重组蛋白的多克隆抗体。Western blotting技术检测出弓形虫Trx蛋白的特异性条 带。结论 结论 用制备的兔抗Trx多克隆抗体能检测弓形虫Trx在速殖子内的表达, 为进一步深入研究刚地弓形虫Trx功能 奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌Rv2352c基因的克隆表达及其抗原活性鉴定

目的构建含结核分枝杆菌(M.tb)rv2352c基因原核表达载体,经转化E.coli以表达Rv2352c融合蛋白,并研究其抗原性。方法用PCR扩增M.tb rv2352c基因,克隆入pET30a(+)质粒,构建pET30a(+):rv2352c重组质粒,阳性克隆测序验证正确后转化入表达宿主大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导Rv2352c蛋白表达。经Ni+-NTA层析柱纯化融合蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE和结核患者血清Western blot进行鉴定。将纯化的重组蛋白分别免疫家兔,制备抗Rv2352c抗血清,抗血清的效价测定采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA),取兔抗血清与纯化蛋白Rv2352c通过Western blot方法,检测抗体特异性。结果经酶切鉴定和测序分析证实rv2352c原核表达质粒构建正确,SDS-PAGE和Western blot结果显示,在45 kD处呈现单一蛋白条带。用重组蛋白Rv2352c免疫接种后可诱导出高滴度的特异性抗体。纯化蛋白通过Western blot鉴定证实为目的蛋白,有较强的免疫原性。结论成功构建原核表达重组质粒pET30a(+):rv2352c,制备和纯化的Rv2352c融合蛋白具有较好的纯度和生物学功能,为进一步研究结核病的潜在分子标志物奠定基础。     

JC病毒t抗原的融合蛋白表达及抗体制备

目的 构建JC病毒t抗原的原核融合蛋白表达载体,表达并纯化该融合蛋白.方法 采用PCR方法 从患者脑脊液中扩增JC病毒t抗原,测序正确后再克隆入pET32a(+)质粒,构建pET32a(+)-t表达重组体,并诱导表达t抗原融合蛋白.大量制备该融合蛋白并以镍柱亲和层析纯化.然后以纯化蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体.结果pET32a(+)-t表达出相对分子质量为41 000左右的重组蛋白.十二烷基硫酸钠一聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析显示,异丙基-βD-硫代半乳糖苷诱导后3.5～20.0 h融合蛋白均高水平表达.Western印迹证实具有良好的抗原性,免疫BALB/c小鼠后,成功制备了鼠多克隆抗体.结论 成功构建原核表达载体pET32a(+)-t,表达纯化t抗原融合蛋白,成功制备了JC病毒小包膜蛋白t的抗体,为进一步流行病学调查及该基因的功能研究奠定了基础.     

HIV-1 Vif的克隆、表达与活性检测

目的克隆HIV-1Vif基因,构建原核表达质粒,进行蛋白的表达及其生物学活性的检测。方法 PCR扩增Vif基因,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pET28a(+)中,构建原核表达质粒pET28a(+)/Vif,进行双酶切及测序鉴定。获得的阳性质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行表达,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blot检测分析,利用亲和层析方法纯化Vif蛋白。利用Pull-Down方法检测HIV-1Vif与SH3(HCK)特异性结合活性。结果通过酶切和测序,结果表明重组质粒pET28a(+)/Vif构建正确。SDS-PAGE和Western blot结果鉴定了原核表达的Vif重组蛋白大小正确。纯化了蛋白Vif、SH3和GST。GST pull-down试验说明Vif和SH3蛋白具有体外特异性结合活性。结论成功地克隆、表达和纯化了Vif蛋白,Vif与SH3蛋白具有结合活性,为进一步研究针对Vif与SH3结合的药物筛选提供实验依据。     

Japanese scrapie cases

Worldwide attention has been given to scrapie, because bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) could be experimentally transmitted to sheep. This ovine form of BSE was clinically identical to scrapie. In Japanese scrapie cases, a majority of the diseased sheep were from Suffolk, while 8 cases were from Corriedale. It is very likely that sheep-to-sheep transmission of scrapie has taken place in Obihiro, Hokkaido. Normal prion protein may play a role in the morphoregulatory signaling pathway, which orchestrates the specificity of a particular cellular response. Over-expression of normal prion protein in mice cause neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, Prnd was identified downstream of the mouse prion protein gene (Prnp), and encodes 179 amino acids and a prion protein (PrP)-like protein designated doppel (Dpl). Dpl was upregulated in the central nervous system of two PrP-deficient lines of mice, as well as in prionless cell lines. Dpl caused neurodegeneration similar to that caused by PrP. Linked expression of Prnp and Prnd may cause several neurodegenerative disorders.     

Ex vivo propagation of infectious sheep scrapie agent in heterologous epithelial cells expressing ovine prion protein

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or prion diseases, are fatal degenerative disorders of the central nervous system that affect humans and animals. Prions are nonconventional infectious agents whose replication depends on the host prion protein (PrP). Transmission of prions to cultured cells has proved to be a particularly difficult task, and with a few exceptions, their experimental propagation relies on inoculation to laboratory animals. Here, we report on the development of a permanent cell line supporting propagation of natural sheep scrapie. This model was obtained by stable expression of a tetracycline-regulatable ovine PrP gene in a rabbit epithelial cell line. After exposure to scrapie agent, cultures were repeatedly found to accumulate high levels of abnormal PrP (PrPres). Cell extracts induced a scrapie-like disease in transgenic mice overexpressing ovine PrP. These cultures remained healthy and stably infected upon subpassaging. Such data show that (i) cultivated cells from a nonneuronal origin can efficiently replicate prions; and (ii) species barrier can be crossed ex vivo through the expression of a relevant PrP gene. This approach led to the ex vivo propagation of a natural transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agent (i.e., without previous experimental adaptation to rodents) and might be applied to human or bovine prions.     

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent in a prion protein (PrP)ARR/ARR genotype sheep after peripheral challenge: complete immunohistochemical analysis of disease-associated PrP and transmission studies to ovine-transgenic mice

Possible transmission of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) agent to ovine species has been considered for several years. It has been recently demonstrated that the BSE agent, after intracerebral challenge, can infect sheep believed to be the most resistant genetically to prion diseases (prion protein [PrP](ARR/ARR) genotype). We report here the results of a detailed immunohistochemical analysis of the disease-associated PrP (PrP(d)) in all organs from a PrP(ARR/ARR) sheep infected with the BSE agent by a peripheral route. Because PrP(d) was detected in the brain in the absence of any clinical symptoms, transmission studies were also performed using a sensitive ovine-transgenic mouse model--Tg(OvPrP4)--that can identify the BSE agent on the basis of the occurrence of florid plaques in the mouse brain. The data indicated that these PrP(d) deposits were linked to the BSE agent and were associated with infectivity. This suggests that PrP(ARR/ARR) sheep may be silent carriers of the BSE agent.     

Peripheral circulation of the prion infectious agent in transgenic mice expressing the ovine prion protein gene in neurons only

BACKGROUND: For prion diseases, even if a large body of evidence indicates that both the lymphoreticular system (LRS) and peripheral nerves are involved in scrapie neuroinvasion, the processes by which prions invade the central nervous system are only partially understood. METHODS: Transgenic Tg(OvPrP4) mice, which express the ovine prion protein (PrP) gene under the rat neuron-specific enolase promoter on a knockout background, were used to study prion extracerebral circulation after scrapie prions were inoculated via the intracerebral (ic) and the intraperitoneal (ip) route. RESULTS: Surprisingly, PrP(Sc) was detected in the spleens of mice inoculated ic with prions. Moreover, the absence of the ovine PrP(C) in nonneural tissue at the periphery did not stop neuroinvasion after ip challenge. Additionally, pilot studies performed in Tg(OvPrP4) mice that had undergone splenectomy before ic prion inoculation showed that the time course of the disease is delayed. CONCLUSIONS: Given that these mice express the ovine PrP gene in neuronal cells but not in nonnervous tissue, our results suggest that PrP(C) expressed by cells of the LRS are not necessary for neuroinvasion or for their ability to accumulate PrP(Sc) and emphasize the importance of extracerebral circulation of PrP(C) or PrP(Sc) for the development of the disease.     

A newly identified type of scrapie agent can naturally infect sheep with resistant PrP genotypes

Scrapie in small ruminants belongs to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, a family of fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals and can transmit within and between species by ingestion or inoculation. Conversion of the host-encoded prion protein (PrP), normal cellular PrP (PrP(c)), into a misfolded form, abnormal PrP (PrP(Sc)), plays a key role in TSE transmission and pathogenesis. The intensified surveillance of scrapie in the European Union, together with the improvement of PrP(Sc) detection techniques, has led to the discovery of a growing number of so-called atypical scrapie cases. These include clinical Nor98 cases first identified in Norwegian sheep on the basis of unusual pathological and PrP(Sc) molecular features and "cases" that produced discordant responses in the rapid tests currently applied to the large-scale random screening of slaughtered or fallen animals. Worryingly, a substantial proportion of such cases involved sheep with PrP genotypes known until now to confer natural resistance to conventional scrapie. Here we report that both Nor98 and discordant cases, including three sheep homozygous for the resistant PrP(ARR) allele (A(136)R(154)R(171)), efficiently transmitted the disease to transgenic mice expressing ovine PrP, and that they shared unique biological and biochemical features upon propagation in mice. These observations support the view that a truly infectious TSE agent, unrecognized until recently, infects sheep and goat flocks and may have important implications in terms of scrapie control and public health.     

Prions can infect primary cultured neurons and astrocytes and promote neuronal cell death

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies arise as a consequence of infection of the central nervous system by prions, where neurons and glial cells are regarded as primary targets. Neuronal loss and gliosis, associated with the accumulation of misfolded prion protein (PrP), are hallmarks of prion diseases; yet the mechanisms underlying such disorders remain unclear. Here we introduced a cell system based on primary cerebellar cultures established from transgenic mice expressing ovine PrP and then exposed to sheep scrapie agent. Upon exposure to low doses of infectious agent, such cultures, unlike cultures originating from PrP null mice, were found to accumulate de novo abnormal PrP and infectivity, as assessed by mouse bioassay. Importantly, using astrocyte and neuron/astrocyte cocultures, both cell types were found capable of sustaining efficient prion propagation independently, leading to the production of proteinase K-resistant PrP of the same electrophoretic profile as in diseased brain. Moreover, contrasting with data obtained in chronically infected cell lines, late-occurring apoptosis was consistently demonstrated in the infected neuronal cultures. Our results provide evidence that primary cultured neural cells, including postmitotic neurons, are permissive to prion replication, thus establishing an approach to study the mechanisms involved in prion-triggered neurodegeneration at a cellular level.     

肺炎支原体P1蛋白抗原决定簇在大肠杆菌中的表达与纯化

目的　得到肺炎支原体主要粘附蛋白 (P1蛋白 )的表达蛋白。材料与方法　用PCR产物限制性片段长度多肽性(RFLP)分析等方法鉴定实验用肺炎支原体菌株。针对P1蛋白基因设计上、下游引物 ,进行PCR扩增。对PCR产物进行回收、纯化 ,克隆入PET - 2 8C(+)表达载体 ,并转化入宿主菌BL2 1。对重组质粒进行酶切及PCR鉴定后 ,IPTG诱导目的蛋白在大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)中表达 ,并以Ni-Agarose亲和层析柱纯化。结果　 1)本实验所用菌株为肺炎支原体 2型。 2 )经PCR扩增得到预期含有BamHI和XhoI的 5 33bp的目的片段。 3)完成目的基因片段的克隆与表达 ,得到 2 0kDa左右表达蛋白。经诱导阳性质粒的蛋白表达 ,得到较大量纯化的目的蛋白。结论　本研究以国际标准株FH为模板 ,成功获得纯化的近 2 0kDa的P1蛋白片段 ,其大小与目的片段理论值相符 ,且此片段在肺炎支原体 1型与 2型中的基因同源性为 98%。为在基因和蛋白水平进一步研究肺炎支原体P1蛋白成分在肺炎支原体粘附和引起机体免疫反应中的作用机制 ,打下了良好的基础。     

Scrapie susceptibility-linked polymorphisms modulate the in vitro conversion of sheep prion protein to protease-resistant forms

Prion diseases are natural transmissible neurodegenerative disorders in humans and animals. They are characterized by the accumulation of a protease-resistant scrapie-associated prion protein (PrP^Sc) of the host-encoded cellular prion protein (PrP^C) mainly in the central nervous system. Polymorphisms in the PrP gene are linked to differences in susceptibility for prion diseases. The mechanisms underlying these effects are still unknown. Here we describe studies of the influence of sheep PrP polymorphisms on the conversion of PrP^C into protease-resistant forms. In a cell-free system, sheep PrP^Sc induced the conversion of sheep PrP^C into protease-resistant PrP (PrP-res) similar or identical to PrP^Sc. Polymorphisms present in either PrP^C or PrP^Sc had dramatic effects on the cell-free conversion efficiencies. The PrP variant associated with a high susceptibility to scrapie and short survival times of scrapie-affected sheep was efficiently converted into PrP-res. The wild-type PrP variant associated with a neutral effect on susceptibility and intermediate survival times was converted with intermediate efficiency. The PrP variant associated with scrapie resistance and long survival times was poorly converted. Thus the in vitro conversion characteristics of the sheep PrP variants reflect their linkage with scrapie susceptibility and survival times of scrapie-affected sheep. The modulating effect of the polymorphisms in PrP^C and PrP^Sc on the cell-free conversion characteristics suggests that, besides the species barrier, polymorphism barriers play a significant role in the transmissibility of prion diseases.     

In vitro expression in eukaryotic cells of a prion protein gene cloned from scrapie-infected mouse brain

It has been proposed that the causative agent of scrapie represents a class of infectious particle that is devoid of nucleic acid and that an altered form of the endogenous prion protein (PrP) is the agent. However, it has been difficult to exclude the possibility that PrP purified from scrapie tissues might be contaminated with a more conventional viral agent. To obtain PrP uncontaminated by scrapie-infected tissues, PrP cDNA cloned from a scrapie-infected mouse brain was expressed in mouse C127 cells in vitro. mRNA and protein encoded by the cloned PrP gene were identified. The expressed PrP polypeptides appeared to be glycosylated and were released from the cell surface into the medium. Homogenates of the cells expressing the cloned PrP gene were inoculated into susceptible mice but failed to induce clinical signs of scrapie. Thus, either PrP is not the transmissible agent of scrapie or the expressed PrP requires additional modification to be infectious.