Soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck in childhood: nonorbital and nonparameningeal sites. A report of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS)-I

Seventy-two patients with soft tissue sarcoma arising in the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, parotid region, cheek, scalp, and neck, were entered on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS)-I, and could be analyzed for survival. Sixty-three (88%) attained complete remission (CR), of whom 13 subsequently relapsed (78% actuarial 5-year retained CR rate). The patients with primary tumor arising in sites other than the neck had a retained CR rate exceeding 90%. In contrast, 11 relapses occurred in the 26 patients with neck primaries (54% retained CR rate). Females, and infants younger than age 24 months were more likely to relapse. Prognostic factors with little or no influence on relapse included tumor size, histology, regional lymph node status, clinical group, and treatment arm. Five of the 6 patients with failure at the primary site had either no radiotherapy (2 patients) or an insufficient dose (less than 3000 rad). No patient required major organ sacrifice such as laryngectomy or pharyngectomy. Isolated failure in regional nodes did not occur. Children with nonorbital, nonparameningeal head and neck soft tissue sarcoma treated in accordance with the IRS protocol have an excellent rate of local control and survival. Primary tumors arising in the neck are more likely to relapse locally or distantly.     

Computed Tomography in Carcinoma of the Larynx

CT scanning in the investigation of carcinoma of the larynx is compared with direct laryngoscopy and laryngectomy specimens. Scans of twenty-two patients studied on a GE 8800 scanner over a two-year period are retrospectively reviewed. CT scanning compares closely with direct laryngoscopy in ability to define the longitudinal extent of tumours and is superior in evaluating the soft tissues deep to the mucosal surface and in identifying cervical lymphadeno-pathy. Our findings agree with previous reports and we conclude that CT scanning is an imaging modality complementary to direct laryngoscopy and uniquely useful in characterizing the extent of carcinoma of the larynx in areas vital to planning of appropriate therapy.     

Surgical treatment of laryngeal carcinoma with subglottis involvement

Primary cancers arising in the subglottic region are rare and are characterized by a long asymptomatic phase. More frequently the subglottis is reached by tumors arising in the glottis or even the supraglottis through invasion of the paraglottic space. Involvement of the subglottis is associated with a relatively high frequency of stomal recurrences due to a peculiar lymphatic spread to the paratracheal nodes. We analyzed a retrospective series of 68 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx extending to the subglottis region submitted to total simple laryngectomy or total laryngectomy enlarged with hemithyroidectomy and dissection of level VI nodes (HT/SPD). Overall median follow-up is 46 months. Subglottic extension was correctly diagnosed before operation in only 13/68 patients, however the resection margins, systematically determined by the pathologist, were in every case negative. Stomal relapses in laryngectomized patients without HT/SPD have been more frequent (0.55% rate per month) than in those treated with laryngectomy and HT/SPD (0.07% rate per month). It is concluded that CT should be routinely applied in preoperative staging in order to estimate the extension of the neoplasia and surgery should always include hemithyroidectomy and dissection of the homolateral paratracheal nodes when there is even minimal involvement of the subglottis. Moreover, the high incidence of second tumors in our series is noteworthy; such patients might benefit from chemopreventive therapy.     

喉鳞癌全喉与喉部分切除术的远期疗效分析

目的　回顾分析声门上型及声门型喉鳞癌患者经全喉及喉部分切除治疗后的远期效果 ,提出今后治疗措施。方法　 42 3例喉癌患者中 ,声门上型 32 7例 ,声门型 96例。 2 43例全喉切除患者中 ,声门上型喉癌 2 10例 ,声门型 33例。喉部分切除的 180例中 ,声门上型 117例 ,声门型 6 3例。依照直接法计算出声门上型和声门型喉癌的全喉切除与喉部分切除的 1,3,5年生存率 ,以及各期病例的 3,5年生存率。结果　 32 7例声门上型喉癌术后 5年生存率为 72 9% ,全喉与喉部分切除的 5年生存率分别为 70 1%和 77 4% (P >0 0 5 )。 96例声门型喉癌术后 5年生存率为 86 0 % ,其中全喉与喉部分切除后的 5年生存率分别为 72 2 %和 92 3% (P <0 0 5 )。结论　喉癌治疗仍以手术为主 ,声门上型喉癌的喉部分切除与全喉切除远期疗效大致相等 ,而声门型喉癌的喉部分切除远期疗效明显高于全喉切除。在适应证选择合适的基础上 ,应大力倡导开展有利于患者生存质量的喉部分切除手术。     

Clear-cell carcinoma of the larynx: review of the literature apropos of a case]

Clear cell carcinoma of the larynx is exceptional. Only six cases are described in the literature. We report a new case occurring in a 58-year-old man. The treatment consisted of a total laryngectomy with lymph node dissection followed by adjuvant irradiation. Local and regional recurrence occurred after 5 months. The patient died from the tumor's evolution 12 months after the diagnosis. The prognosis of clear cell carcinoma of the larynx is similar to the clear cell carcinoma of the lung and is unfavorable.     

Synovial sarcomna of larynx-a rare site

Synovial sarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma of unknown histiogenesis and occurs predominantly in the lower limbs of young adults and the head and neck is a relatively rare site, there are about 10 cases with laryngeal localization in the world literature. We present a 52 year old male with synovial sarcoma of larynx. Total laryngectomy was done and patient is free from disease till date.     

声门型喉癌喉部分切除术98例疗效分析

目的 探讨声门型喉癌不同类型喉部分切除术的治疗效果,方法 回顾性分析98例声门型喉癌喉部分切除术的临床资料,总结不同类型喉部分切除术后喉功能恢复情况。结果 98例患者的总拔管率为94．9％,全部患者均获得不同程度的发音功能,发音中等及良好者83例,占84．7％。出现误咽15例,经吞咽训练均恢复正常进食,4例术后1～2年颈部淋巴结转移．2例会厌喉成形术者喉腔局部复发。术后3年和5年生存率分别为86．5％、81．7％。结论 声门型喉癌喉部分切除术在彻底切除肿瘤的同时尽可能地保全了患者的喉功能,提高了患者的生存质量,3年和5年生存率不低于喉全切除术。     

Post traumatic laryngeal incompetence

Self-inflicted laryngeal injuries are rare. This is a case of attempted suicide with a knife. The patient was brought into A&E and initial attempts at repair of the laryngo-skeletal structures were performed Later it became evident that the patient had an insensate hypofunctioning larynx. We present a technique aimed at rehabilitating the poorly functioning, incompetent larynx without the necessity for a permanent tracheostomy or laryngectomy. A single surgical procedure combining a cricopharyngeal myotomy, an anterior hyoid suspension and vocal fold angmentations was performed in an attempt to avoid a laryngectomy in non-malignant pathology. The long-term results of this surgery would need to be subjected to further evaluation.     

Liposarcoma of the larynx. Review of the literature apropos of a case]

Liposarcoma of the larynx is an uncommon tumor. Only 27 cases have been described in literature. We report a new case occurring in a 50-year-old patient. The treatment consisted of a total laryngectomy with lymph node dissection followed by adjuvant irradiation. Prognosis for laryngeal liposarcoma is better than that of non laryngeal liposarcoma. This tumor is at high risk of local recurrence and seldom has metastatic potential.     

Malignant melanoma metastatic to the larynx: treatment and functional outcome

The review considers management strategies for malignant melanoma metastatic to the larynx. This rare clinical entity lacks clear treatment recommendations because extirpative surgery can often result in severe functional debilitation in patients with limited life expectancy. Here, we report a case of melanoma metastatic to the larynx in a patient with a prior history of Hodgkin lymphoma. The patient was treated with partial laryngectomy and local radiation therapy. The rationale for treatment decisions and for surgical and radiotherapeutic techniques and the associated literature are discussed.     

扩大部分喉切除颈前肌皮瓣喉重建术临床观察

目的　探讨颈阔肌双蒂转门肌皮瓣在喉重建术中的临床应用价值。方法　对 38例喉癌行扩大部分喉切除术 ,包括扩大垂直喉切除术 2 7例 ,扩大额侧喉切除术 7例 ,次全喉切除术 4例 ,应用颈阔肌双蒂转门肌皮瓣同期进行缺损喉腔重建 ,结果　本组病例术后气管套管拔除率为 92 1% ( 35 /38) ,全部患者恢复了发音功能 ,语言响亮清晰者 95 0 % ( 36/38) ,吞咽防护功能全部恢复 ,局部复发率 7 9% ( 3/38) ,3年生存率 89 5 % ( 3/38)。结论　中晚期喉癌选择性地施行功能保全性喉手术是可行的 ,应用转门肌皮瓣进行缺损喉腔重建可获得满意的喉功能恢复效果     

Osteosarcoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary.

A 80-year old woman was found to have an osteosarcoma arising within a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. To the Author's knowledge, this is the fourth reported case of osteosarcoma arising within a teratoma.     

Glottic laryngeal carcinoma with fixed vocal cord treated with full-dose radiation, total laryngectomy or combined treatment

The results of the therapy of 46 patients with glottic squamous cell cancer with a fixed vocal cord and without regional lymph nodes (glottic T3N0) are reported. Primary surgery (total laryngectomy) in combination with preoperative irradiation gave significantly higher loco-regional control rate and survival rate than surgery alone. Primary radiotherapy with doses of 70 Gy or more and adequate follow-up was found to be an alternative to preoperative radiation and laryngectomy. The result of different treatment modalities speaks in favour of primary irradiation allowing preservation of the larynx and a good voice function. In case of recurrence salvage surgery with total laryngectomy is preferred.     

Chondrosarcoma of the larynx. Case report and review of the literature

Chondrosarcoma of the larynx is a rare tumor; worldwide only about 250-300 cases have been described in the literature. We present a clinical case of laryngeal chondrosarcoma manifesting as a swollen mass of 10 x 7 x 6 cm in the infrahyoid and left lateral cervical region. The patient underwent total laryngectomy, thyroidectomy and bilateral neck dissection. A review of the literature on this disease is also reported.     

Osteosarcoma of the sella

Primary osteosarcoma of the skull is rare. Osteosarcoma arising from the sellar region is extremely uncommon. The case of a 38-year-old man with osteosarcoma of the sella is described, and the literature is reviewed. The patient was treated with surgery followed by aggressive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Currently he is in remission at 12 months.     

晚期声门癌扩大部分喉切除术的疗效评价

Ｔ３、Ｔ４声门癌常规治疗为全喉切除术，使病人丧失语言及呼吸功能。为保证在根治肿瘤的前提下恢复喉功能，对８７例晚期（Ｔ３、Ｔ４）声门癌分别行扩大垂直喉切除和次全喉切除术，主要应用双蒂转门肌皮瓣等进行喉腔缺损重建。总的３年及５年生存率分别为８２．９％及７６．８％。气管套管拔出率为８５．１％，语音近乎正常者８７％，全部恢复经口进食。晚期声门癌选择性地施行功能保全性喉切除术是可行的     

Leiomyosarcoma of larynx: A case report

Leiomyosarcoma of larynx is a rare tumor. We report a case of 70 year old male who had presented to our department with respiratory distress and stridor. Patient’s emergency was managed with tracheostomy with subsequent total laryngectomy and post-op external radiotherapy. One year into follow-up, patient is tumor free.     

New strategies for avoiding total laryngectomy in patients with head and neck cancer

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has yielded high response rates in patients with head and neck cancer but has failed to improve the survival rates in randomized studies. Thus, its place in the management of head and neck cancer remains unclear. We have been investigating whether the combination of chemotherapy and radical irradiation as an alternative to morbid surgery in selected patients might yield an improved quality of life without compromising survival. Between January 1983 and December 1985, we treated 32 patients with epidermoid carcinoma arising from the larynx, base of the tongue, or hypopharynx, using an interdisciplinary regimen, with the objective of avoiding total laryngectomy. All of these patients had large primary tumors that could not have been removed without total laryngectomy. Patients who could be treated by conservation laryngeal surgery were excluded, as were patients who presented with clearly unresectable disease. The regimen employed cisplatin-based chemotherapy together with brachytherapy and external radiation therapy, with highly individualized treatment planning. Seven patients had T2 lesions, 19 had T3, and 6 had T4. The follow-up periods ranged from 8 to 38 months (median, 18). The actuarial survival rate at 2 years is 85%, and the laryngectomy-free rate at 2 years is also 85%. None of the 11 patients with laryngeal cancer has relapsed, and none has required laryngectomy. None of the 12 patients with base of the tongue cancer treated by brachytherapy has relapsed above the clavicles and none has required laryngectomy, but 1 patient has died of complications of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Primary oat cell carcinoma of the larynx: a case report and review of the literature.

A case of an extrapulmonary oat cell carcinoma arising in the larynx of a 45-year-old male is described. Ultrastructural study demonstrated numerous neurosecretory granules in the tumor cells identical to those described in oat cell carcinomas of the lung. Primary oat cell carcinomas of the larynx are highly malignant neoplasms. Of six previously reported acceptable cases of this rare entity, with adequate followup, all but one has died of tumor within 14 months of diagnosis. The present patient is alive without evidence of tumor 15 months following diagnosis. Aggressive therapy consisting of a combination of surgery, radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy was utilized in this case. The use of such aggressive combination therapy appears indicated in cases of primary oat cell carcinoma of the larynx if improved survival is to be achieved.     

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Long-term survival after radical surgery

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid is a highly malignant disease with few survivors over one year. Radical surgery and laryngectomy are usually considered contraindicated. A 50-year-old woman with a history of papillary carcinoma treated with external radiation developed anaplastic giant-cell carcinoma of the thyroid invading the soft tissues of the neck including the larynx. Since surgery was felt to represent her only chance for survival, she underwent laryngopharyngectomy, right radical-neck dissection, and pharyngeal reconstruction. Three years after the surgery was performed, she is living an active life with only minor handicaps. Nevertheless, multiple nodules were noted in her lungs on recent tomographic examination. Our experience with this woman suggests that there is a role for radical surgery and laryngectomy in selected cases of anaplastic carcinoma.