早期子宫颈癌前哨淋巴结检测的临床意义

目的　评价前哨淋巴结 (SLN)对早期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移状况的预测价值 ,探讨检测SLN在指导早期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴清扫术中的意义。方法　对 2 0 0 2年 11月～ 2 0 0 3年 8月在山东省肿瘤医院手术治疗的 2 3例早期宫颈癌患者行SLN检测 ,分别利用亚甲蓝和99mTc 硫胶体定位并原位切除SLN送快速冰冻病理检查 ,然后行经腹广泛全子宫切除 盆腔淋巴清扫术 ,比较SLN快速冰冻切片、SLN及其他盆腔淋巴结石蜡切片和抗角蛋白免疫组化染色结果。结果　 2 3例患者中 19例成功检测到SLN ,共检出SLN 5 9枚 ,平均每例 3枚 ,SLN检出率为 83% (19/2 3)。SLN活检术灵敏性为 83% ,特异性为 10 0 % ,与病理检查结果符合率为 95 %。结论　SLN检测能较为准确地预测早期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结的转移状况 ,但以SLN活检术替代传统的手术方式的可行性和安全性还需要更大样本量的前瞻性病例研究来进一步评价     

子宫颈癌前哨淋巴结检测技术研究进展

经腹广泛全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴清扫术是目前公认的早期宫颈癌的首选术式，但相当一部分没有淋巴结转移的病人也接受了不必要的、损伤大的盆腔淋巴清扫术。前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node，SLN)活检术(sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB)这种新兴技术的开展，可以预测早期宫颈癌病人盆腔淋巴结受侵状态，依此决定手术方式，避免非必须的淋巴清扫，缩短手术时间，减少手术并发症，提高病人的生存质量。     

早期宫颈癌前哨淋巴结及其微转移研究

淋巴结转移是宫颈癌肿瘤细胞转移的最早特征,宫颈癌患者局部淋巴结状况直接影响患者的预后并决定着辅助治疗方案的制定。然而对患者盆腔所有淋巴结进行评估是一件十分繁杂的事情,前哨淋巴结(SLN)能反映整个盆腔淋巴结的转移状况,其研究使大多数早期宫颈癌患者避免不必要的盆腔淋巴结清扫术。目前常用的淋巴结识别方法有染料法、放射性核素示踪法及联合法。淋巴结微转移检测法(如:免疫组化法、连续切片法、鳞状细胞癌抗原检测及淋巴结HPV检测法等)能提高SLN的诊断准确性。     

前哨淋巴结检测对预测早期子宫颈癌淋巴转移的价值

目的 评价早期宫颈癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)检测的临床价值。方法 选择早期宫颈癌(临床分期Ⅰa-Ⅱa期)患者28例,于术前约18h,分别于宫颈10点及2点处黏膜下注射37MBq(0．4ml)的放射性核素——^99mTc标记的右旋糖酐(^99mTc—DX),即刻行淋巴核素显像。次日行广泛性子宫切除及盆腔淋巴清扫术。手术标本随即行γ探测仪体外探测识别SLN,解剖出SLN后单独送检,病理检查结果与非前哨淋巴结(NSLN)进行比较。结果 28例患者中27例(96％)识别出SLN。手术标本共取得814枚淋巴结,其中123枚为SLN。SLN集中分布于盆腔的髂内、外血管周围及闭孔区。6例(21％)发现盆腔淋巴结转移,共11枚转移淋巴结均为SLN,无假阴性情况出现。结论 SLN对宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移具有预测性,临床应用价值尚待进一步探讨。     

前哨淋巴结活检技术在早期子宫颈癌腹腔镜手术中的应用

目的探讨前哨淋巴结(SLN)活检技术在早期子宫颈癌腹腔镜手术中的应用。方法本研究是一项前瞻性、单臂、单中心的临床研究, 入组时间为2015年7月, 截止时间为2018年12月, 共入组了在河北医科大学第四医院诊治的78例初治的早期子宫颈癌患者, 其年龄为(50.2±9.3)岁。所有患者均于麻醉后在无瘤块的子宫颈组织处采用浅注射(2～3 mm)、深注射(1～2 cm)法注射示踪剂(亚甲蓝或纳米炭), 随后在腹腔镜下先行蓝染或黑染的SLN切除, 再行子宫广泛性切除+系统性盆腔淋巴结切除±腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术, 术后对常规病理检查(HE染色)阴性的SLN行连续切片联合免疫组化法细胞角蛋白检测进行病理超分期检查。分析SLN的检出率、SLN的分布、SLN与非SLN的病理检查结果, 评价SLN活检诊断淋巴结转移的效能。结果 (1)SLN的检出率:78例子宫颈癌患者中, 77例检出SLN, SLN总检出率为99%(77/78), 其中SLN双侧检出率为87%(68/78)、单侧检出率为12%(9/78)。(2)SLN的分布:78例子宫颈癌患者共切除盆腔淋巴结1 930枚, 平均每例患者每侧切除盆腔...     

纳米炭在腹腔镜下早期宫颈癌前哨淋巴结示踪的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜下应用纳米炭混悬液检测前哨淋巴结(SLN)在早期宫颈癌患者中的识别价值。方法:选取2014年1月至2016年1月在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院行手术治疗的ⅠA2~ⅡA期宫颈癌患者40例。术前从宫颈3、9点注射纳米炭混悬注射液,腹腔镜直视下识别最先黑染淋巴结作为SLN并切取,单独行病理检查及免疫组化检查。切取SLN后,患者均行腹腔镜下盆腔淋巴结切除术+根治性子宫切除(±腹主动脉旁淋巴结取样术)。结果:40例患者中,38例成功检出至少1枚SLN,检出率为95%(38/40),共检出173枚SLN,平均每例每侧3.9枚SLN。8例(20%)患者共检出29枚阳性淋巴结,其中包括6例患者的阳性SLN,共25枚(86.20%)。前哨淋巴结定位于闭孔37.52%,髂外29.52%,髂内13.94%,宫旁5.09%,髂总12.13%。SLN检测的灵敏度为75%(6/8),准确性为100.0%(38/38),阴性预测值为100.0%(29/29)。结论:早期宫颈癌SLN的转移状态同盆腔淋巴结真实转移状态一致性较高,闭孔淋巴结为SLN检出频次最高的淋巴结,腹腔镜下纳米炭示踪早期宫颈癌SLN具有可行性。     

筋膜外全子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌可行性研究

目的探讨筋膜外全子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌(Ⅰa2~Ⅰb1期)的可行性。方法选择2008年6月至2010年6月在山东省青岛市市立医院行手术治疗的47例早期宫颈癌(Ⅰa2~Ⅰb1期)患者,先行腹腔镜下盆腔淋巴清扫术,术中行冰冻病理检查,如盆腔淋巴结阳性,则按传统手术方式行腹腔镜下腹主动脉旁淋巴清扫或取样+广泛性子宫切除术;如盆腔淋巴结阴性,则行腹腔镜下筋膜外全子宫切除术。所有患者术后如经病理证实有脉管间隙受侵、间质浸润深、盆腔淋巴结转移、宫旁组织阳性或手术切缘阳性,则加用放化疗。术后均严密随访。结果参与随访的42例患者中,1例Ⅰb1期低分化、病灶直径2cm的鳞癌患者术中冰冻提示(右侧)闭孔淋巴结有癌组织浸润,行腹腔镜下腹主动脉旁淋巴清扫+广泛性子宫切除术。其余41例患者均行腹腔镜下筋膜外全子宫切除术。1例Ⅰb1期低分化、病灶直径2cm的腺癌患者,术后病理诊断提示有脉管浸润。未发现宫旁浸润及手术切缘阳性的病例。盆腔淋巴结阳性、脉管浸润的2例患者术后进行了放化疗。平均随访60~84(71.33±7.77)个月,1例出现复发及可疑肺转移;行广泛性子宫切除术的1例患者术后5年复查发现鳞状上皮癌抗原升高,但未发现复发及转移灶,其余患者未发现复发及转移。结论早期宫颈癌(Ⅰa2~Ⅰb1期)患者在盆腔淋巴结无转移的情况下行筋膜外全子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴清扫术可能可行。     

纳米炭在子宫内膜癌前哨淋巴结活检术中的初步研究

目的初步探讨纳米炭在子宫内膜癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)活检术中的可行性。方法选择2016年1月至2018年9月接受纳米炭示踪的52例子宫内膜癌患者,所有患者在全麻下宫颈注射纳米炭,腹腔镜下识别黑染的淋巴管,沿淋巴管找到第一站黑染淋巴结定位为SLN,单独切除SLN后行标准子宫内膜癌分期术。SLN与其他切除标本分别进行常规病理检查。评价总检出率、双侧检出率、灵敏度、阴性预测值、假阴性率等指标。结果①52例患者中,47例患者(90.4%)至少检出一侧盆腔SLN,其中37例患者(71.2%)检出双侧盆腔SLN,4例(7.7%)仅检出左盆腔SLN,6例(11.5%)仅检出右侧盆腔SLN;②共检出220枚SLN,SLN中位数为4.0枚,SLN分布最多的位置是髂外血管区(40%),其次是闭孔区(24.5%)、髂内血管区(21.8%)、髂总血管区(11.4%)和腹主动脉区域(2.3%);③根据术后病理结果,7例(13.5%)患者证实有淋巴结转移,其中1例患者假阴性,假阴性率14.3%(1/7),敏感度85.7%(6/7),阴性预测值97.9%(47/48)。所有患者术中和术后均无副反应发生。结论纳米炭法应用于早期子宫内膜癌SLN活检安全高效、操作简便,值得进一步应用研究。     

前哨淋巴结定位在Ⅱ型子宫内膜癌术中应用的研究进展

美国国家综合癌症网(NCCN)指南推荐前哨淋巴结(SLN)检测可作为子宫内膜癌(EC)手术分期的系统性淋巴结清扫术的替代方法。大量研究证明,SLN定位切除在早期EC分期术中安全可行,不影响肿瘤结局,同时可最大程度地减少手术并发症。Ⅱ型EC具有高度侵袭性,宫外转移及淋巴结转移率高,危险因素不确定,预后差。准确识别淋巴结转移可为准确分期和预测预后提供重要依据。近年来,SLN定位应用于Ⅱ型EC中的应用的研究进展迅速,Ⅱ型EC患者采用SLN定位切除,既要考虑益处,又要谨慎风险。期待更多关于SLN定位技术与Ⅱ型EC的大规模研究,给患者提供精准的个体化治疗。     

同位素标记白蛋白和异硫蓝染料联合注射用于术中识别早期宫颈癌前哨淋巴结

广泛性子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫术是治疗早期宫颈癌的标准术式,但发生盆腔淋巴结转移的患者约10%～15%,说明盆腔淋巴结清扫不仅对大部分患者无益,反而有并发淋巴囊肿、淋巴水肿等风险。前哨淋巴结是指最早接受肿瘤淋巴引流的淋巴结,也是最早发生转移的淋巴结,前哨淋巴结组织学检查阴性预示其他淋巴结无转移。因此检测前哨淋巴结的转移状况可避免对患者实施过度治疗。为研究联合应用异硫蓝和放射性同位素标记法识别宫颈癌前哨淋巴结的可行性。对24例I期宫颈癌患者和1例IIa期患者术前1d在宫颈4个象限肿瘤周围分别注射99m锝标记的白蛋白,然…     

Differences in female and male perception of information and decision-making in single-embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization in Sweden

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the information and the factors that contribute to the decision to accept and choose single embryo transfer (SET) in females and males. Materials and methods Fifty-four females and males undergoing SET were interviewed separately using a structured questionnaire. Results The women were significantly more satisfied with the information than the men (odds ratio 3.3), but the decision to accept SET was nevertheless more difficult for women (OR 3.1). Only one-third of both female and males were aware of the increased maternal risks with twin pregnancies. There was a tendency that the women who accepted SET had previous children, shorter duration of infertility, and were younger. Cryopreservation of embryos and a good pregnancy chance were important irrespective of gender. Conclusion The female needs more support to choose SET. The male needs better information and further involvement in decision-making. The females were more aware of the fetal risks, but the awareness of the increased maternal risks with twin pregnancies was low. The female need more support to accept and choose single embryo transfer, compared to the male and information should in some areas be directed differently to females and males.     

Non-persistent pesticides in breast milk in an agricultural area in Turkey

Background: Organophosphates, pythyreoids, carbamate pesticides and fungicides are heavily used in agriculture. They may have dangerous effects on newborn health especially on immune system and growth via prenatal transmission by placenta or postnatal transmission by breastfeeding.

Methods: In 2015, 144 non-persistent pesticides in 64 milk samples of 32 mothers were studied by OuEChERS method in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometer in neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Adana, a city in Cukurova region which is an important agricultural area in Turkey.

Results: Pesticides were detected in milk samples of 11 mothers (34.3%) and 21 (32.8%) of milk samples. In five mothers, fungicides (in 5/10 samples propicanozole-PP, in 4/10 samples bromucanozole-BM), in five mothers, organophosphates (in 10/10 samples primyphosphomethyl-PPM), in one mother, both organophosphates and fungicide (in 1/2 samples PPM and in 1/2 samples buprimate) were detected. However, the estimated daily intakes (EDI) were less than acceptable daily intakes (ADI) for PPM, PP and BM, respectively.

Conclusions: Although pesticides levels in human milk did not exceed the ADIs, we suggest monitoring pesticides in human breast milk especially for newborn health.     

Ovulation induction in in vitro fertilization

The main goal of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program is to maximize the number of women who become pregnant in any treatment cycle. In order to achieve pregnancy, many steps should be successfully accomplished. The number of mature oocytes that are retrieved and fertilized in a treatment cycle has the major impact on the success rate of the IVF program. The chances of achieving conception increases dramatically when the number of embryos replaced into the uterus increases^1-3. Hence, most IVF treatment programs currently use some combination of ovulation induction agents in order to stimulate and aspirate as many follicles as possible.     

Heterogeneity in alpha-thalassemia interactions in Malays, Chinese and Indians in Malaysia

AIM: Interactions between different determinants of alpha-thalassemia raises considerable problems, particularly during pregnancies where antenatal diagnosis is necessary. This study aims to determine the different types of deletional alpha-thalassemia and Hemoglobin Constant Spring (HbCS), and their frequency in Malays, Chinese and Indians in Malaysia. METHODS: DNA from 650 pregnant women from the Antenatal Clinic of the University of Malaya Medical Center in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia who showed mean cell volume < or =89 fL and/or mean cell hemoglobin < or =28 pg were analyzed for the double alpha-globin gene South-East Asian deletion (--SEA), the -alpha3.7 and -alpha4.2 single alpha-globin gene deletions and HbCS. RESULTS: One hundred and three (15.8%) of the pregnant women were confirmed as alpha-thalassemia carriers: 25 (3.8%) were alpha-thalassemia-1 carriers with the --SEA/alphaalpha genotype, 64 (9.8%) were heterozygous for the -alpha3.7 rightward deletion (-alpha3.7/alphaalpha), four (0.6%) were heterozygous for the -alpha4.2 leftward deletion (-alpha4.2/alphaalpha), nine (1.4%) were heterozygous for HbCS (alphaCSalpha/alphaalpha) and one (0.2%) was compound heterozygous with the -alpha3.7/alphaCSalpha genotype. The double alpha-globin gene --SEA deletion was significantly higher in the Chinese (15%) compared to the Malays (2.5%) and not detected in the Indians studied. The -alpha3.7 deletion was distributed equally in the three races. HbCS and -alpha4.2 was observed only in the Malays. CONCLUSION: The data obtained gives a better understanding of the interactions of the different alpha-thalassemia determinants in the different ethnic groups, thus enabling more rapid and specific confirmation of alpha-thalassemia in affected pregnancies where antenatal diagnosis is necessary.     

缺氧缺血性脑病的性别差异性研究进展

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)是指围产期窒息缺氧导致的脑缺氧缺血性损害,可遗留不同程度的神经系统后遗症。动物研究表明,缺氧缺血性损伤后,炎性反应、氧化应激和细胞死亡途径等关键病理生理过程中存在明显的性别差异,雌性动物对亚低温、促红细胞生成素、脑源性营养因子和别嘌呤醇等治疗效果也明显优于雄性。临床研究发现男性HIE患儿病情更重、预后更差。基于性别的治疗干预很有可能在围产期脑损伤中提供更好的神经保护。本文总结了目前HIE性别差异性的相关证据,以期为临床治疗提供新思路。