马蹄肾合并肾输尿管结石1例

患者 ,男 ,6 6岁 ,已婚。因发现右肾结石 1+ 年 ,右腰痛 10天入院。查体右肾区叩压痛。辅助检查 :尿常规黄清 ,WBC 0～ 2 ,RBC 0～ 1,BLD ++,尿素氮7 5 0mmol/L ,肌酐 110 19μmol/L ;B超 :右肾下盏结石 ,1 0cm× 0 .8cm ,集合部分离 3 0cm× 1.5cm ,右输尿管上段扩张 ,中下段显示不清。入院诊断 :右肾结石伴积水 ,右输尿管结石梗阻 ?入院后行IVU +KUB示 :右肾下盏见 1 0cm× 0 8cm大小之结石 ,右输尿管行径平L5椎体下缘见约 0 8cm× 0 6cm之结石影 ,右肾盂肾中度积水 ,双肾下极似见融合 ,呈“马蹄形”改变。进一步行双肾MRI平…     

右肾发育不全并肾囊肿及输尿管全程闭锁1例

1　病例报告　男 ,6岁 ,因生长发育明显迟缓入院 .查体 :T,R,P,BP正常 ,体质量 14 .5 kg,身高 90 cm.心肺膈未见异常 .双肾未触及 ,右肾区扣击痛 ,各输尿管行程及膀胱无压痛 . B超 :右肾 37.5 cm× 2 .4 cm,轮廓模糊 ,无类似肾结构图像 ,向上见液性暗区 2 0 .1cm× 37.2 cm,2 .1cm× 2 .0 cm;左肾 8.7cm× 3.9cm× 4 .8cm,未见光团及液性暗区 .CT:右肾先天发育异常并肾囊肿及输尿管全程闭锁 ,左肾代偿性增大 . IVU:右侧肾盂、肾盏及输尿管未显影 ,膀胱显影无异常 ;左侧肾盂、肾盏及输尿管显影 ;肾盂无扩大 ,肾盏杯口存在 ,输尿管无扩张…     

右肾切除致下腔静脉破裂1例

患者 ,男 ,5 5岁。因右腰痛伴血尿 2 0d ,于 1996年4月 2 2日入院。查体 :T 37 8℃ ,右肾区叩击痛。尿中脓球 /Hp ;B超 :右肾门处结石伴重度积水。K U B+I V P :右肾盂 1 5cm× 2 0cm结石 ,右肾不显影 ;X线胸片 :双肺野清晰 ,未见结核灶。入院诊断 :右肾结石、右肾重度积水伴感染、右肾无功能。于 1996年 4月 2 5日在持续硬膜外麻醉下行右肾切除术 ,术中见肾周围广泛紧密粘连 ,右输尿管粗大 ,僵硬成条索状。分离至肾蒂 ,切除右肾。结扎肾蒂时出现大出血 ,疑有下腔静脉损伤。立即用纱布垫压迫止血。更换术者 ,延长切口 ,显露并用…     

用钢丝袢栓塞肾动脉治疗肾肿瘤2例

<正> 用钢丝袢栓塞肾动脉国内未见报告,我院自1980年开展肾动脉栓塞术以来,用钢丝袢栓塞肾动脉治疗肾肿瘤2例,报告如下。 1 病例报告例1,男,51岁,无痛性全程肉眼血尿4a,右腰部肿物20d。查体:右腰部可触及8cm×9cm质硬不平结节状肿物。逆行造影诊为右肾肿瘤。尿找瘤细胞阳性。1984年4月于外院手术探查见右肾呈结节状,12cm×12cm×8cm,质硬,因与腹主动脉,下腔静脉粘连未能切除。病理报告:右肾腺癌。1984年5月行右肾动脉造影示右肾分支变细拉长及大量新生血管,实质期轮廓明显增大(图1)。行栓塞术放钢丝袢1个于肾动脉主于远端。栓塞后腹主动脉造影示:右肾动脉主干近端显影浅淡,远端未显影(图2)。例2,男,45岁,因左上腹剧烈绞痛而就诊。查肾区叩痛,未触及包块,B型超声     

体外冲击波治疗肾输尿管结石180例报告

<正>近年来,我们应用国产B超定位WD_(91)型体外冲击波碎石机治疗肾、输尿管结石180例,取得满意效果,现报告如下。 1.资料与方法 临床资料 180例肾结石、输尿管结石患者,男127例,女53例,年龄8～72岁,体重25～95kg,结石部位:左肾48例,右肾50例,左输尿管55例,右输尿管48例。结石大小:肾结石为:0.8cm×0.7cm～1.7cm×3.4cm输尿管结石为:0.6cm×0.7cm～1.2cm×1.8cm     

肾结核B超误诊为肾结石两例

<正> 例1 男,55岁,主诉右侧腰部间歇性绞痛伴肉眼血尿5年余。曾在他院诊断为右肾结石,经对症治疗无好转而来我院诊治。体检:体温、脉搏、血压均正常。心肺(-)。腹平软,肝脾未触及,右野区叩击痛(+),输尿管无压痛点。有关实验室检查亦正常。腹部平片:右肾上盏处有一直径为2cm大小的结石阴影。静脉肾盂造影:右肾上盏模糊,仍见结石阴影;左肾、双侧输尿管及膀胱均未见异常。B超检查:右肾11.6cm×4.9cm,上盏可探及半圆形增强光团伴声影,测值为3.4cm×2.8cm,集合     

肾上腺被膜脂肪瘤一例报告

<正> 患者,男,49岁,右腰部不适半年,B超检查发现右肾上腺忡物入院。体检:一般检查及泌尿生殖系检查未发现异常。超声波:右肾上腺区探查到3.9cm×4.0cm实质性肿物,肿物与右肾无关,腹膜后充气造影及断层摄片,诊断右肾上腺占位性病变。CT检查,右肾上腺肿瘤。尿路排泄性造影两肾形态及功能正常。 于硬膜外麻醉下行右肾上腺探查术,见右肾上腺区有4.0cm×4.0cm×3.9cm之肿物,表面光滑,质     

低温下肾动脉阻断在肾脏手术中的临床应用(附41例报道)

目的:探讨局部低温肾动脉阻断在肾手术中的临床应用。方法:对32例复杂性肾结石患者在局部低温肾动脉阻断后行肾实质切开取石术,对6例肾错构瘤患者行肿瘤切除术,对2例肾结石分别合并左肾上、下盏重度积水患者和1例右侧重复肾患者行肾部分切除术。结果:阻断肾动脉时间15~50min,术中出血量120~400ml,手术时间120~180min,结石最大5.5cm×4.5cm×3.0cm,最多一次取石30余枚,肿瘤最大12.0cm×11.0cm×9.5cm,25例患者获随访,结石复发3例,1例术前IVU患肾显影浅淡患者,术后6个月复查IVU患肾不显影,其余患肾显影良好。结论:此术式具有方法简单、出血少、手术安全并能较好地保护患肾功能等特点,是较理想的手术方法之一,易于基层医院开展。     

输尿管结石误诊2例

例 1,女 ,4 0岁。因右腰部胀痛 2年来我院求治。入院查体T 36 .8℃ ,P 84次 /min ,R 2 1次 /min ,BP 10 0 /70mmHg。右腰部轻微扣击痛 ,无尿频、尿急、尿痛。辅助检查 :尿常规未见异常。B超提示右肾盂积水 3cm× 3cm ,右输尿管扩张约 0 .6cm ,未见强回声 ,KUB提示输尿管膀胱壁段约 1.2cm× 0 .5cm结石 1枚。IVP提示右肾显影差 ,右输尿管膀胱壁段狭窄。患者 15年前曾行子宫次全切手术。诊断为右输尿管膀胱壁段结石。经体外碎石无效 ,行手术治疗 ,术中见右输尿管膀胱壁段入口处有一约 1.0cm× 0 .5cm左右瘢痕 ,切除瘢痕 ,见瘢痕中有一丝…     

肾窦内肾盂肾后唇切开取石术治疗复杂性肾结石

目的:探讨复杂性肾结石手术方法。方法:对采用肾窦内肾盂加肾后唇联合切开方法治疗4 8例复杂性肾结石患者的临床资料进行分析。结果:取出结石最大约7.4cm×4 .2cm×3.0cm ,最多的1例有结石10 7枚。术中不需阻断肾蒂,平均术中出血约2 80毫升,手术耗时约95分钟。32例复查B超或KUB平片,5例有肾内残余结石但直径小于1.0cm。结论:本术式具有手术操作简单,易掌握,取石方便,集合系统破坏小,出血少等优点,是处理复杂肾结石的良好术式。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.