对比CT引导肺结节定位针与弹簧圈定位针术前定位亚厘米肺结节效果

目的 对比术前于CT引导下以肺结节定位针与弹簧圈定位针定位亚厘米肺结节的效果。方法 55例亚厘米肺结节(孤立性肺结节,最大径4～10 mm,距胸膜<50 mm)患者于电视辅助胸腔镜手术(VATS)前48 h内接受CT引导下定位病灶,其中30例采用肺结节定位针(定位针组)、25例采用弹簧圈定位针(弹簧圈组),对比2种方法定位时间、CT扫描次数、定位成功率、病灶楔形切除时间、手术成功率及并发症。结果 55例均顺利完成术前定位且VATS均成功切除病灶。2种定位方法之间,CT扫描次数、病灶楔形切除时间及气胸、肺内出血发生率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。以定位针定位时间长于弹簧圈(P=0.001)。结论 术前于CT引导下以肺结节定位针与弹簧圈定位针定位亚厘米肺结节的安全性和有效性相当,后者操作时间更短。     

医用胶标记在肺部小结节胸腔镜手术前定位的应用

目的探讨CT引导下肺穿刺注射医用胶在肺部小结节(small pulmonary nodule,SPN)胸腔镜手术前定位的可行性和临床价值。方法 21例21个肺内孤立性结节病灶,术前均行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺注射医用胶定位标记,术中先行肺楔形切除术切除病灶并根据病理结果决定进一步手术方案。结果术前CT引导下经皮肺穿刺注射医用胶定位成功率100%(21/21)。穿刺定位后出现刺激性咳嗽6例(28.6%),无症状气胸5例(23.8%),无出血、血胸。术中均能准确定位后行肺楔形切除术,病理证实为肺癌15例,良性病变6例。结论胸腔镜术前CT引导下经皮肺穿刺注射医用胶定位SPN快速、安全,值得临床推广使用。     

CT引导微弹簧圈定位在胸腔镜切除孤立肺结节的临床研究

目的研究经胸腔镜切除孤立性肺结节(solitary pulmonary nodule,SPN)时运用CT引导微弹簧圈定位的临床意义。方法收集南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院治疗的32例SPN患者,术前做好CT引导下微弹簧圈定位,在胸腔镜观察下对患者SPN进行楔形切除。计算微弹簧圈定位的准确度、定位后平均手术时间及相关并发症。结果微弹簧圈定位十分精准,全部患者均成功定位,手术时间(15.61±5.23)min,其中出现3例(9.38%)肺组织局部出血、2例(6.25%)气胸、1例(3.13%)肺组织局部出血合并气胸,手术全部成功,未出现术中中转开胸的情况,也未出现因微弹簧圈被缝合器切断而残留于体内的情况。结论 SPN切除前使用微弹簧圈进行定位,具有精准度高,并发症少,方法简便、易行,廉价,微弹簧圈不易滑脱等特点,是一种适合临床推广的术前定位手段。     

微弹簧圈定位在胸腔镜肺小结节切除术中的应用

目的探讨术前CT引导下微弹簧圈定位在胸腔镜孤立性肺小结节切除术中的应用价值。方法 2014年5月~2016年4月,对21例单发肺部小结节病灶经术前定位后行胸腔镜手术切除。结节直径7~21(10.3±8.0)mm,距离脏层胸膜深度5~23(10.2±4.3)mm。术前1日在CT引导下行"拖尾法"微弹簧圈术前定位,胸腔镜下行病灶楔形切除术,送冰冻病理,如为恶性继续行胸腔镜下肺叶切除加纵隔淋巴结清扫术。结果全组21例肺小结节均成功经皮肺穿刺置入微弹簧圈。定位并发症为无症状气胸3例,均无需处理。胸腔镜术中发现微弹簧圈脱位3例,定位成功率85.7%(18/21)。21例均行胸腔镜手术切除。病理确诊原位癌5例,腺癌11例,非典型腺瘤样增生1例,炎症2例,炎性假瘤1例,肺内转移瘤1例。结论 CT引导下微弹簧圈定位用于肺内小结节术前定位是一种简单、直观、有效、精确的方法,值得推广。     

胸腔镜切除术前CT引导下记忆合金定位弹簧圈精准定位肺小结节

目的 观察电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）前CT引导下肺结节记忆合金定位弹簧圈对精准定位肺小结节的价值。方法 对92例患者共102个肺小结节（直径≤ 2 cm）于VATS前行CT引导下记忆合金定位弹簧圈定位,定位后24 h内行VATS手术切除结节,观察定位效果及并发症。结果 102个肺小结节定位成功率为98.04%（100/102）,定位操作时间8~45 min,平均（17.26±5.92）min;2例2个结节VATS术中发现弹簧圈自肺组织内脱出滞留于胸壁;定位后少量气胸发生率10.78%（11/102）,少量肺泡出血发生率12.75%（13/102）,均无症状而未予处理。102个结节均经VATS成功切除,无中转开胸病例。结论 VATS术前CT引导下肺结节记忆合金定位弹簧圈可有效定位肺小结节,且安全性较好。     

肺内小结节电视胸腔镜切除术前CT定位

目的探讨CT引导下微弹簧圈定位指引电视胸腔镜手术(VATS)切除肺内小结节的安全性和有效性。方法对47例肺内小结节患者(共53个结节,直径30mm)行术前CT引导下微弹簧圈定位,将微弹簧圈植入紧邻肺小结节边缘的肺组织内,使22个结节内的微弹簧圈的尾部位于脏层胸膜之外。于定位当日或次日行VATS切除肺内小结节,术后标本送病理学检查。结果 VATS下完整切除全部肺内小结节(直径3~26mm)。51个(51/53,96.23%)肺内小结节应用微弹簧圈定位成功,2个(2/53,3.77%)微弹簧圈植入后发生移位;定位术中并发症包括无症状性气胸6例、轻微肺泡出血9例。结论术前CT引导下经皮穿刺微弹簧圈定位肺内小结节安全、有效,有助于提高VATS切除的准确率。     

微弹簧圈用于肺内磨玻璃影术前定位的临床研究

目的探讨微弹簧圈在CT引导下定位肺内磨玻璃影(Ground-glass opacity,GGO)对精准切除病变部位的临床应用价值。方法收集2016年1月至2017年12月在本科室通过电视胸腔镜手术(Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VAST)切除GGO的50例患者的临床资料。其中25例患者术前行微弹簧圈定位,25例患者术前行Hookwire定位。对比分析两组入选患者在定位准确性、出血量、疼痛程度、定位时间和脱位情况等状况,评价术前应用微弹簧圈定位对于病灶切除的安全性及其对VATS术的获益价值。结果微弹簧圈组病灶定位成功率96%,术后出现气胸2例、肺表面出血2例、弹簧圈脱落2例等并发症,Hookwire组手术成功率64%,术后出现气胸3例、肺表面出血4例、脱落4例等并发症,两组在定位时间上存在明显差异,具有统计学意义(P0.05),在定位准确性及并发症上无明显差异,无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在肺内GGO行VAST前给予CT引导下微弹簧圈定位,定位精准、并发症少,有利于快速、精准发现病灶,值得广泛推广和应用。     

Hybrid手术室中胸腔镜下切除肺部微小病灶

目的探讨Hybrid手术室中施行胸腔镜手术对肺部周围型微小病灶进行快速精准切除的价值。方法 2011年3月～2012年2月,在我院新建的Hybrid手术室中,对16例19处肺部周围型微小病灶施行胸腔镜手术切除。患者术前当日在胸部CT引导下经皮穿刺,在病灶处放置血管栓塞用金属弹簧圈定位。病灶定位后将患者接入Hybrid手术室,手术在间断多角度下进行,根据电视屏幕上弹簧圈标记物与胸腔镜操作器械的相对位置和胸腔镜下胸腔内术野的实时影像,确定手术切除部位及范围,在距病灶约3 cm距离处应用强生60 mm直线型切割缝合器,对病变肺叶实施楔形切除,切除的病变组织送快速病理,根据病理报告进行下一步处理。结果所有目标病灶均顺利切除,手术时间15～42 min。良性病变9枚,楔形切除;肺癌10枚,其中1例为双上肺早期鳞癌,行双侧上肺叶楔形切除,其余9例行胸腔镜下肺叶切除及纵隔淋巴结清扫。无中转开胸,无严重术后并发症,无围术期死亡。14例随访1～12个月,平均6.4月,9例恶性病变未见转移和复发。结论术前胸部CT引导下经皮穿刺金属弹簧圈对肺部周围型微小病灶精确定位,通过在Hybrid手术室的实时透视下胸腔镜技术,可以对目标病灶施行精准切除。     

肺内小结节的术前定位在胸腔镜外科手术中的应用价值

目的探讨肺内小结节电视胸腔镜手术(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)术前采用CT引导下Hook-wire或亚甲蓝定位的临床价值。方法 90例肺内小结节手术患者共94枚小结节,VATS术前均行CT引导下Hook-wire或亚甲蓝定位。评价术前定位的成功率、并发症、转开胸手术发生率、术后病理类型等。结果 Hookwire钢丝定位72枚,成功率91.7%;亚甲蓝注射定位22枚,成功率86.4%。穿刺后发现并发少量血胸6例(6.4%),并发少量气胸8例(8.5%)。转开胸手术4例,占4.4%。术后经病理证实良性病灶36枚,占38.3%,恶性病灶58枚,占61.7%。结论术前CT引导下Hook-wire或亚甲蓝定位肺内小结节方法准确率高,并发症少,能提高VATS手术成功率,对肺内小结节的胸腔镜手术诊治具有很好的临床价值。     

氩气刀定位法在胸腔镜肺楔形切除手术中的应用

目的探讨氩气刀定位法在胸腔镜肺楔形切除手术中的应用价值。方法 2015年1月～2018年1月,对63例肺部小结节(直径≤2 cm)采用氩气刀定位法实施单操作孔胸腔镜肺楔形切除术。病灶均为单发,最大径0. 8～2 cm,(1. 22±0. 34) cm,均位于肺边缘,CT上测量病灶距离脏层胸膜0. 5～3 cm,(1. 67±0. 54) cm。在CT上确定病灶的肋间层面及钟位方向,在胸腔镜下将病灶虚拟投影在壁层胸膜表面。氩气刀标记投影点,膨肺后再次喷射氩气,标记病灶在肺脏层胸膜表面的投影点,楔形切除病灶,根据冰冻病理结果决定下一步手术方案。结果 61例(96. 8%)在楔形切除标本中找到病灶,2例定位失败。行肺楔形切除53例,解剖性肺段切除2例,肺叶切除8例。术后病理证实肺癌58例,良性病变5例。结论氩气刀定位法对胸腔镜术中肺内小结节的定位实用、可靠,值得临床推广。     

胸腔镜术前CT引导下新型肺结节定位针定位肺小结节

目的 观察胸腔镜术前CT引导下新型肺结节定位针定位肺小结节的效果。方法 回顾性分析50例肺结节患者共53枚肺小结节,直径5.0~15.0 mm,均于CT引导下以新型肺结节定位针定位病灶后接受电视辅助胸腔镜手术（VATS）,观察定位效果及并发症。结果 对50例53个病灶均成功植入锚定定位针,定位成功率为100%（53/53）。穿刺过程中9例（9/50,18.00%）穿刺针道附近轻微出血;定位术中14例（14/50,28.00%）出现轻度气胸,1例（1/50,2.00%）发生胸膜反应。8例于定位当日、42例于次日接受VATS;术中按定位针指导均成功找到并切除病灶。结论 CT引导下新型肺结节定位针VATS术前定位肺小结节效果佳且安全。     

Microcoil localization as an effective adjunct to thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules in children

Background/PurposeThoracoscopic excision of pulmonary nodules is often required for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, however subpleural and sub-centimeter nodules can be difficult to visualize. Various CT-guided localization techniques have been described, though there is minimal published pediatric data regarding the use of microcoils. We hypothesize that microcoil localization facilitates thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules in children.MethodsA multi-institutional retrospective review of children who underwent preoperative CT-guided localization of lung nodules was conducted from 2012 to 2019. A combination of methylene blue dye (MBD), wires, and microcoils were utilized for CT-guided localization. When microcoils were utilized, fluoroscopy assisted in lesion identification and resection.ResultsEighteen patients (mean age 13 years, range 2–21 years) underwent thoracoscopic resection of 24 preoperatively localized pulmonary nodules. Mean size and depth of the lesions were 5.5 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Microcoil placement was successful 95% of the time and assisted in lesion localization in 88% of cases. Wire localization was not a durable technique, as 3 of 5 wires became dislodged upon lung  isolation.ConclusionsPreoperative CT-guided localization with microcoils can assist in fluoroscopic-guided resection of pulmonary nodules in children. This technique avoids the pitfall of wire dislodgement, and provides surgeons an additional technique to localize sub-centimeter, subpleural nodules.Type of StudyRetrospective Review.Level of EvidenceLevel III.     

CT引导经皮穿刺活检术诊断孤立性肺结节

目的探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺孤立性肺结节活检的诊断效能及并发症。方法回顾性分析我院经皮穿刺孤立性肺结节活检患者225例,分析患者年龄、性别、吸烟史及穿刺病理结果及并发症,计算经皮穿刺活检诊断孤立性肺结节的效能。结果 225例患者中,病理诊断恶性结节154例(154/225,68.44%),良性结节71例(71/225,31.56%)。经皮穿刺活检诊断恶性孤立性肺结节的敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为99.33%(149/150)、93.33%(70/75)、97.33%(219/225)。术后气胸、咯血及肺出血发生率分别为15.11%(34/225)、5.33%(12/225)、9.33%(21/225),经对症处理后均消失。结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺活检是早期诊断孤立性肺结节方便、快捷、安全、有效的方法。     

“呼吸针控”在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺近膈小病灶中的应用

目的探讨"呼吸针控"在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺近膈小病灶中的应用价值。方法对53例肺部疾病患者[肺内近膈小病灶共53个(直径3cm)]进行CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检(n=34)或微波消融术(n=19),穿刺时全部采用"呼吸针控"法,术后及时行CT复查,随访1~5天。结果 53个病灶一次穿刺成功率为100%(53/53)。3例(3/53,5.66%)术后CT复查发现少量气胸,未予特殊处理自行吸收;未发现大量气胸等严重并发症,无穿刺相关死亡病例。术后随访未出现迟发型气胸。结论 "呼吸针控"法用于CT引导下经皮肺穿刺近膈小病灶安全可行,值得推广。     

Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic surgery after computed tomography-guided bronchoscopic barium marking: a minimally invasive treatment for small peripheral early adenocarcinoma of the lung

We developed a marking technique and subsequent thoracoscopic wedge resection as a diagnostic procedure for small peripheral lung nodule and a treatment for small peripheral early lung cancer. Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic surgery after computed tomography-guided bronchoscopic barium marking. Through CT-guided bronchoscopy, barium marking is done at just central to the target lesion. Thoracoscopic surgery is performed some days later. The barium marking was grasped in the forceps and resected by endostaplers under both intraoperative fluoroscopic and thoracoscopic guidance. All the lesions could be resected with enough surgical margin. This minimally invasive surgery is indicated for small peripheral in situ adenocarcinoma of the lung.     

Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Resection of a Small Pulmonary Nodule after Computed Tomography–guided Localization with a Hook-wire System

Background This study is a single-institution validation of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) resection of a small solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) previously localized by a CT-guided hook-wire system in a consecutive series of 45 patients. Methods The records of all patients undergoing VATS resection for SPN preoperatively localized by CT-guided a hook-wire system from January 2002 to December 2004 were assessed with respect to failure to localize the lesion by the hook-wire system, conversion thoracotomy rate, duration of operation, postoperative complications, and histology of SPN. Results Forty-five patients underwent 49 VATS resections, with simultaneous bilateral SPN resection performed in 4. Preoperative CT-guided hook-wire localization failed in two patients (4%). Conversion thoracotomy was necessary in two patients (4%) because it was not possible to resect the lesion by a VATS approach. The average operative time was 50 min. Postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients (6%), one hemothorax and two pneumonia. The mean hospital stay was 5 days (range: 2–18 days). Histological assessment revealed inflammatory disease in 17 patients (38%), metastasis in 17 (38%), non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 4 (9%), lymphoma in 3 (6%), interstitial fibrosis in 2 (4%), histiocytoma in one (2%), and hamartoma in one (2%). Conclusions Histological analysis of resected SPN revealed unexpected malignant disease in more than 50% of the patients indicating that histological clarification of SPN seems warranted. Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection of SPN previously localized by a CT-guided hook-wire system is related to a low conversion thoracotomy rate, a short operation time, and few postoperative complications, and it is well suited for the clarification of SPN. Electronic supplementary material is available for this article at Presented at the 41st World Congress of Surgery of ISS/SIC 2005, Durban, South Africa.     

Pulmonary cryptococcosis diagnosed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with CT-guided localization: report of a case

We report a case of pulmonary cryptococcosis diagnosed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with CT-guided localization. A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for the precise diagnosis of a solitary mass in the left upper lung. Because the mass was too small to be detected under VATS, we tried CT-guided localization for surgery. One day before VATS, we placed a marking device besides the lesions after percutaneous puncture. We used a Naruke point marker as a marking device. After this procedure, the wedge resection was performed. The pathological diagnosis was cryptococcosis of the lung. The identification of small lesions in the lung has frequently been detected by helical and thin slice CT. Therefore, CT-guided localization procedure may be the most reliable technique to employ before surgery.     

Preoperative localization of small peripheral pulmonary nodules by percutaneous marking under computed tomography guidance

The outcome of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous marking for the preoperative localization of small peripheral pulmonary nodules was analyzed retrospectively. This procedure, in which 21-gauge markers were placed near nodules under local anesthesia on the day of surgery, concerned the patients who received video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery as a primary operative technique. The study included all the 57 patients who underwent CT-guided percutaneous marking before pulmonary resection. The mean nodule size was 1.1 cm. Pneumothorax and pulmonary bleeding were observed in 28 and 17 patients, respectively. Other complications included pain (four), subcutaneous bleeding (two) and dislodgment of the marker (one). Wedge resection during thoracotomy was necessary in seven patients because of severe adhesions (four), multiple wedge resections (one), dislodgment of the marker (one) and difficulty in identifying a nodule (one). Pathological studies revealed 24 metastatic lung tumors, 19 bronchioloalveolar carcinomas (BACs), five adenocarcinomas with mixed subtypes, three granulomas, two atypical adenomatous hyperplasias and six miscellaneous others. Wedge resection for malignancy was performed in 39 patients with 41 lesions. The median follow-up period was 46 months. A positive surgical margin and recurrence at the surgical stump were observed in one case each. In conclusion, preoperative CT-guided marking was safe and effective, although marker dislodgment, positive surgical margin and recurrence at the surgical stump were observed infrequently.