CDAN1基因突变导致的胎儿期非免疫性水肿的家系遗传学分析

目的 对一例因不明原因胎儿期水肿的流产组织进行临床和遗传学分析,为该家系产前诊断以及遗传咨询提供可靠的理论依据。方法 采集孕妇外周血进行血常规、Rh血型和TORCH检测。采集羊水细胞用于细胞培养和G显带核型分析。提取胎儿引产组织基因组DNA行全基因组拷贝数变异测序;采用Agilent's SureSelect XT Human All Exon V6进行文库制备和外显子捕获,并使用Illumina NovaSeq 6000 对胎儿及其家系成员 DNA 行全外显子组测序（trios-WES）,并利用SIFT、I-mutant2、PolyPhen-2 及PROVEAN生物信息学软件对变异位点进行蛋白功能预测。利用Alpha Fold 2和PyMOL软件对CDAN1的结构进行建模和可视化分析;用Sanger测序对先证者及家系成员进行突变检测和验证。结果 胎儿17周超声提示胎儿全身皮下广泛水肿,右侧胸腔大量积液,肝脾增大,胎盘增厚,心包缺损。染色体核型分析检测和染色体拷贝数变异测序结果均正常;全外显子组测序显示CDAN1基因：c.2140C>T（p.Arg714Trp）和c.1264_1265delCT（p.Leu422Glyfs*16）复合杂合突变,分别来自先证者父亲和母亲,生物信息学预测为可能致病性突变,对应的疾病为先天性红细胞生成障碍性贫血1型。结论 全外显子组测序结果显示,该胎儿为先天性红细胞生成障碍性贫血（CDAN1基因突变）导致的胎儿期非免疫性水肿,其中CDAN1基因c.1264_1265delCT为首次报道的突变。     

GJA8基因错义突变致先天性白内障一家系遗传分析

  目的  通过使用外显子测序定位分析一先天性白内障家系中GJA8基因致病错义突变。  方法  对2020年6月在昆明医科大学第二附属医院就诊的一个先天性白内障家系全体成员进行详细的临床眼科检查及全身查体。采集先证者及6个亲属外周血并提取基因组DNA,应用全外显子测序筛查可疑致病基因,使用生物信息工具对可疑基因突变进行致病性分析,并对家系全部成员进行Sanger测序验证候选致病突变。  结果  外显子测序及生物信息学分析显示GJA8基因存在一个错义突变c.593G > A,p.R198Q,导致其第198位氨基酸残基由谷氨酰胺取代了原有的脯氨酸。氨基酸保守性分析显示该突变影响的氨基酸在物种间高度保守。在家系全部受检者中进行的Sanger测序结果表明该突变与疾病表型共分离,可以认定该突变是该突变为该家系的致病性突变,系谱分析显示该突变所致先天性白内障呈现常染色体显性遗传。  结论  位于GJA8基因的错义突变c.593G > A,p.R198Q是导致该家系出现先天性白内障的遗传病因,遗传方式为常染色体显性遗传。     

一个非综合征型耳聋家系新致病基因变异分析

目的 对一个非综合征型耳聋(NSHL)家系进行致病基因分析,明确其致病变异.方法 采集先证者及其家系成员的外周血标本,应用全外显子测序(WES)技术对先证者及其父母、二姐共4名成员进行测序分析,并通过Sanger测序对所有家系成员进行一代验证,确定该家系的致病基因,利用细胞学实验检测基因的致病性.结果 测序结果显示,该...     

蒙古族并指一家系临床特点及其HOXD13基因突变检测

目的: 探讨先天性并指畸形一大家系的临床特点及其致病基因突变分析,为该类疾病的产前诊断以及携带者筛查提供依据。方法: 通过家系调查,对家系患者进行临床表型分析并进行手和脚部X光检查;绘制系谱图,整理分析家系资料;采集家系成员外周血并提取基因组DNA;通过外显子测序方法筛选候选基因,将捕获的候选基因突变位点进行PCR扩增后Sanger测序验证分析。结果: 该家系已传4代,并指患者共9例,其中男4例,女5例,Ⅰ2、Ⅱ4、Ⅲ5,7,10等5例患者为单侧并指,Ⅲ16和Ⅳ3,6,7等4例患者为双侧手指并指,脚趾均为正常。先证者及其家系患者均为HOXD13基因的第二外显子917位点发生G>A的突变,导致306位氨基酸从精氨酸到谷氨酰胺的改变,即c.917G＞A（P.R306Q）。家系正常成员均无此突变。结论: 该先天性并指家系属于常染色体显性方式遗传,HOXD13,c.917G＞A（p.R306Q）基因突变位点是该并指家系的致病突变。该家系Ⅲ12成员表型正常但致病基因携带者,表明该家系存在不完全外显特点。     

罕见脑桥小脑发育不全家系临床研究及遗传学分析

目的 通过对一个脑桥小脑发育不全（PCH）家系的临床和基因进行研究,探讨它的临床特点及致病基因。方法 对一个脑桥小脑发育不全的家系成员进行临床资料的收集,绘制遗传系谱图,进行认知、脑电、头颅磁共振及全外显子组测序分析,筛选出相关的基因突变,然后对其进行Sanger测序,进行验证。结果 该家系成员中除先证者及其弟,其他成员没有类似疾患表现。先证者及其弟发病年龄、发病症状及神经系统查体结果相似。全外显子组测序：①未能发现该疾病已知的相关基因突变;②未能筛选出临床表型与遗传方式相匹配的突变基因作Sanger测序;③发现了1个基因突变,符合常染色体隐性遗传,但是否与该疾病相关,有待进一步的研究。结论 脑桥小脑发育不全可能有新的基因表达类型。     

近亲结婚1家系Leber先天性黑矇TULP1基因新突变

目的 检测近亲结婚Leber先天性黑矇(LCA)家系致病基因突变。方法 选择近亲结婚Leber先天性黑矇家系作为研究对象,收集家系成员眼科检查资料和病史,采集外周静脉血,提取DNA。先证者采用全基因组外显子测序技术进行致病基因突变筛查;通过生物信息学分析后得到候选致病突变位点。运用Sanger测序进行验证及家系共分离分析,确定致病性突变位点。结果 基因检测在先证者TULP1基因(MIM#602280)第11号外显子检测到新的纯和错义突变c.C1024G(p.R342G),编码区第1024位的核苷酸C(胞嘧啶)变异为G(鸟嘌呤),变异导致编码蛋白序列内的氨基酸改变p.R342G,第342号氨基酸由精氨酸(Arg)变异为甘氨酸(Gly)。342号氨基酸位点在不同物种间具有高度保守性。生物学信息预测提示为致病性。结论 TULP1基因纯和错义突变c.C1024G:p.R342G是该家系的致病原因。该纯合突变国内外均未见报道,是一种新发现的LCA致病基因突变。本研究扩大了LCA基因突变谱,为LCA基因治疗及发病机制研究提供了依据。     

RUNX2基因变异致CCD合并严重脊柱侧弯家系分析

目的 CCD是一种罕见的由RUNX2基因变异所致的常染色体显性遗传病,主要表现在骨骼及牙齿发育不良。本研究旨在探讨颅骨锁骨发育不良综合征(CCD)临床表现,致病基因特点及诊疗方案。方法 总结1家系中2例(母子)CCD患者的临床诊断及治疗。我们对家系中的先证者进行了全外显子组测序。并且用Sanger测序验证了相关变异。同时也用对家系中另外一个患者的样本进行Sanger测序,来确认变异的家系共分离。结果 家系两个患者的牙齿临床症状与已报道经典型CCD—致。而先证者还有严重的脊柱侧弯的临床表型。家系先证者的全外显子组测序发现RUNX2基因存在一个的无义突变(c.1096G>T,p.Glu366^*)并且,先证者的全外显子基因测序未发现他携带其他已报道导致脊柱侧弯的致病性或可能致病性基因突变。而家系中另一例CCD患者也携带了该变异,符合家系的共分离。文中为两位患者设计了详细的诊疗方案,并强调早期治疗的重要性。结论 我们对一个中国CCD家系中识别了一个罕见的致病性RUNX2基因变异。该变异是首次报道导致了非常严重的胸腰椎侧弯相关表型。并且,CCD具有典型的临床症状,医师...     

X染色体连锁显性遗传先天性眼球震颤家系的致病基因突变研究

目的对4个X染色体连锁显性遗传先天性眼球震颤(XL-CIN)家系进行候选致病基因FRMD7突变筛查。方法采集家系成员外周血5 ml,提取基因组DNA;以4个家系的先证者基因组DNA为模板,聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增FRMD7基因的全部外显子及其外显子-内含子拼接部的序列,DNA直接测序筛查突变位点;一旦发现突变致病性位点,则采用DNA双向测序方法在其他家系成员进行疾病与致病突变共分离分析,以及进一步确认突变,将患者的FRMD7基因外显子8和10的扩增产物克隆至TA克隆载体测序。结果 4个XL-CIN家系皆为X染色体连锁显性遗传伴外显不全,其中2个家系携带FRMD7基因已知致病性突变:XL-CIN 02家系存在c.G886C/GGT>CGT(p.G296R)错义突变,位于FRMD7基因外显子8;XL-CIN 03家系存在c.C910T/CGA>TGA(p.R304X)无义突变,位于外显子10。结论 FRMD7 G296R和R304X是导致XL-CIN 02和XL-CIN 03家系致病的主要原因。     

卵泡蛋白基因的移码突变导致BHD综合征家系的多发性肺囊肿

目的 Birt-Hogg-Dubé综合征(BHD)是一种常染色体显性遗传病，由卵泡蛋白(FLCN)基因突变引起，其特征以多发肺囊肿、皮肤纤维滤泡瘤和肾肿瘤为表现。方法 我们对此家系进行了外显子组测序以确定先证者的致病基因变异，并进行了Sanger测序，以验证先证者和其家系成员的致病突变。同时采用Sanger测序验证了408例与该病无关的汉族健康对照组的突变。结果 外显子组测序和Sanger测序分析显示在所有发病的家庭成员中，均存在移码突变(c.1579＿1580invA,p.Arg527Glnfs68*)。蛋白印迹检测和免疫组化检测结果显示，该突变导致FLCN蛋白水平显著下降。结论 FLCN基因(c.1579＿1580invA,p.Arg527Glnfs68*)中的一个移码突变存在于一个仅以多个肺囊肿为表现的BHD综合征家系中；证实了该突变在BHD综合征家系中的致病性。     

一例GNB1基因突变致神经发育障碍患儿的临床及基因突变分析

目的：应用全外显子测序技术（whole exome sequencing, WES）对患有语言运动发育迟缓及严重智力障碍的患儿及其父母进行分析,探讨基因水平的遗传学病因并明确临床诊断,进一步指导妊娠。方法：提取患儿及其父母外周血DNA,采用外显子捕获结合高通量测序技术进行检测。根据美国医学遗传学与基因组学学会（ACMG, 2015）标准对患儿及父母检测出的变异进行致病性判定,结合患儿表型寻找致病基因及位点。利用Sanger测序法对致病位点进行验证。结果：患儿GNB1基因第7号外显子c.346 G>A (p.G116S)位点杂合错义突变为致病位点,患儿父母该位点均为野生型,此变异为患儿的新发突变。Sanger测序验证结果与外显子捕获测序结果一致。患儿为常染色体显性智力低下42型（Autosomal dominant mental retardation-42, MRD42）患者。结论：应用全外显子测序技术可对语言运动发育迟缓伴严重智力低下的患儿进行诊断,明确了该患儿的致病原因,有助于家系的遗传咨询并为再生育提供指导。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.