氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑静脉麻醉在各年龄段地震创伤手术中的应用

目的 观察氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑静脉麻醉在各年龄段地震创伤手术中的应用效果.方法 因地震创伤急需行清创术的伤员56例,按年龄段分为三组,通过静脉依次给予咪达唑仑0.05～0.1mg/kg、氯胺酮1～2mg/kg,术中据情况追加氯胺酮0.5～1mg/kg.观察记录各组伤员术中MAP、HR、R及SPO2的变化,记录诱导及苏醒时间以及术中和术后发生不良反应的情况.结果 各组伤员术中MAP、HR、R及SPO2维持较为平稳,诱导及苏醒均较为迅速,术中及术后不良反应发生较少.结论 氯胺酮复合咪达唑仑静脉麻醉可为地震创伤手术提供一种安全、有效及副作用少的麻醉方法 .     

氯胺酮复合瑞芬太尼和咪达唑仑用于小儿全凭静脉麻醉

目的：探讨氯胺酮复合瑞芬太尼和咪达唑仑在小儿全凭静脉麻醉中的应用。方法：选择56例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期手术患儿．入手术室后分别静注负荷剂量氯胺酮0．3mg／kg、瑞芬太尼0．1μg/k、咪达唑仑0．05mg／kg全凭静脉麻醉。结果：患儿术中安静入睡,镇痛完善（镇静评分在5分以上）。术中呼吸循环功能稳定,术毕苏醒时间缩短。结论：氯胺酮复合瑞芬太尼和咪达唑仑用于小儿全凭静脉麻醉是较好的麻醉方法：     

丙泊酚复合氯胺酮和芬太尼用于小儿静脉麻醉临床观察

目的:对比丙泊酚、氯胺酮复合芬太尼和咪达唑仑、氯胺酮复合芬太尼用于小儿全身静脉麻醉时的血流动力学变化、苏醒时间、有效性和安全性。方法:将160例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期手术患儿随机分为两组,丙泊酚组(A组,n=80)和对照组(B组,n=80)。A组采用丙泊酚、氯胺酮复合芬太尼麻醉,B组采用咪达唑仑、氯胺酮复合芬太尼麻醉。两组患儿入室前均给予氯胺酮1~2mg/kg静注,安静入睡后入室。A组术中维持用丙泊酚0.16mg/(kg·min)持续输注,芬太尼1~2μg/kg、手术开始前1min静注氯胺酮2mg/kg,B组依次静注咪达唑仑0.05~0.1mg/kg、芬太尼1~2μg/kg、氯胺酮1mg/kg全凭静脉麻醉。记录围麻醉期血流动力学、血氧饱和度、麻醉后恢复情况。结果:A组麻醉前与麻醉后血流动力学比较,差异无统计学意义。B组麻醉前与麻醉后血流动力学比较,差异有统计学意义。A组麻醉苏醒时间短,且术中体动发生几率小,两组比较,差异有统计学意义。结论:丙泊酚、氯胺酮复合芬太尼可在小儿全凭静脉麻醉中维持血流动力学稳定、苏醒快速、术后躁动少是安全有效的麻醉方法。     

丙泊酚与咪达唑仑复合氯胺酮用于小儿心导管术麻醉的比较

目的 比较丙泊酚与咪达唑仑复合氯胺酮用于小儿心导管术麻醉的优缺点与安全性。方法 2～12岁先天性心脏病行心导管术的患儿60例,随机分为两组,入室时静脉注射氯胺酮2 mg/kg行基础麻醉,P组采用丙泊酚6 mg/（kg.h）复合氯胺酮3 mg/（kg.h）维持,M组采用咪达唑仑0.15 mg（/kg.h）复合氯胺酮3 mg/（kg.h）维持。结果 两组患儿性别、年龄、体重、术式及手术时间差异无统计学意义,血流动力学不稳定、呼吸支持及体动发生率差异无统计学意义,清醒时间P组（15.9±5.4）min短于M组（21.2±5.9）min（P<0.05）。结论 丙泊酚与咪达唑仑复合氯胺酮均能安全有效地进行小儿心导管术的麻醉,而丙泊酚复合氯胺酮麻醉患儿苏醒更加迅速。     

喉罩-雷米芬太尼复合丙泊酚在小儿微创手术中的应用

目的 比较喉罩-雷米芬太尼联合丙泊酚与喉罩-氯胺酮联合咪达唑仑两种麻醉方法在小儿腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术中应用的优缺点.方法 64例择期行腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术患儿,随机均分为喉罩-雷米芬太尼联合丙泊酚组(雷米芬太尼组)与喉罩-氯胺酮联合咪达唑仑组(氯胺酮组).静脉快速诱导置入喉罩后,雷米芬太尼组静脉泵入雷米芬太尼0.15μg/kg·min及丙泊酚6～8 mg/kg·h维持麻醉,氯胺酮组患者静脉泵入氯胺酮0.08～0.1 mg/kg·min及咪达唑仑0.15～0.2 mg/kg·h维持麻醉.记录患者术中生命体征、苏醒时间、术中及术后并发症发生情况.结果 麻醉诱导后雷米芬太尼组平均动脉压(MAP)及心率(HR)明显低于麻醉前水平(P<0.05),而氯胺酮组不明显,腹腔充气后,两组MAP及HR比充气前上升明显(P<0.05)而氯胺酮组上升更明显.雷米芬太尼组苏醒时间明显短于氯胺酮组(P<0.05),且氯胺酮组术中肢动、呛咳屏气及术后躁动明显多于雷米芬太尼组(P<0.05).结论 喉罩-雷米芬太尼联合丙泊酚用于小儿腹腔镜微创手术具有诱导苏醒迅速、血流动力学相对平稳,且不良反应少等优点.     

微泵静注氯胺酮-丙泊酚在烧伤微粒植皮手术中的效果

目的：探讨氯胺酮复合丙泊酚微泵静脉麻醉用于烧伤微粒植皮手术的麻醉效果。方法：选择择期行微粒植皮手术的特重度烧伤患者42例,ASAⅡ～Ⅲ级,烧伤总面积52%～75%TBSA,手术切痂面积20%～35%TBSA。随机分为2组,一组采用氯胺酮与咪达唑仑分次静脉给药（KM组）,另一组采用氯胺酮复合丙泊酚微泵持续静脉给药（KP组）,术中观察并记录不同时间点血流动力学变化、手术时间、术毕苏醒时间、氯胺酮总用量及术中、术后不良反应。结果：组内比较,KP组术中T1～6时的MAP,HR,SPO2与T0时比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。KM组T1～6时的MAP,HR与T0时相比升高（P〈0.05）;术中T1～6时的SPO2与T0时比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。组间比较,KP组在T1,T4,T5,T6时MAP与KM组相比降低（P〈0.05）;KP组在T2,T3,T4,T5时HR与KM组相比减慢（P〈0.05）。术中氯胺酮用量、术毕至苏醒时间KP组比KM组用量少,时间短,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。KM组术中不自主肢体运动、术后嗜睡、梦幻现象与KP组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：氯胺酮复合丙泊酚微泵静脉麻醉用于烧伤微粒植皮手术的效果优于氯胺酮与咪达唑仑分次静脉麻醉。     

氯胺酮咪达唑仑联合用药在小鼠快速实验的麻醉效果评价

目的 探讨氯胺酮及咪达唑仑单药及联合用药对于小鼠快速实验的麻醉效果.方法 6周龄雌性小鼠30只,随机分为氯胺酮单药组120.0 mg/kg(K组)、咪达唑仑单药组75.0 mg/kg(M组)、联合药物组氯胺酮50.0 mg/kg+咪达唑仑2.5 mg/kg(KM1组)、氯胺酮70.0 mg/kg+咪达唑仑3.5 mg/kg(KM2组)、氯胺酮100.0 mg/kg+咪达唑仑5.0 mg/kg(KM3组),每组6只.所有小鼠在腹腔注射药物后记录翻正反射消失时间及恢复时间.在翻正反射消失后3、5、10 min进行刺激评分,包括夹尾反射、前脚回缩反射、后脚回缩反射和角膜反射.反射存在记0分、反射消失记1分,比较3个时点每只小鼠的4项相加评分.结果 与K组和M组相比,KM1组、KM2组、KM3组的翻正反射消失时间均显著缩短(P＜0.01),翻正反射恢复时间在KM2组、KM3组均显著延长(P＜0.01).与K组相比,KM2、KM3组翻正反射消失后5 min和10 min的评分显著增高(P＜0.05);与M组相比,KM2组翻正反射消失后5 min和10 rain的评分显著增高(P＜0.05),KM3组翻正反射消失后3、5、10 rain的评分均显著增高(P＜0.05).结论 氯胺酮联合咪达唑仑麻醉小鼠可达到满意的麻醉效果.其中,氯胺酮100.0 mg/kg联合咪达唑仑5.0 mg/kg剂量组的麻醉起效快,动物耐受疼痛刺激效果好,适用于小鼠快速实验.     

咪达唑仑复合小剂量氯胺酮辅助小儿硬膜外麻醉的临床观察

目的:观察咪达唑仑复合小剂量氯胺酮辅助小儿硬膜外麻醉的效果。方法:对照组单纯使用氯胺酮静脉注射。观察组则咪达唑仑和小剂量氯胺酮联合应用静脉注射。结果:对照组硬膜外麻醉后平均动脉压(MAP)升高,HR增快升高,均比观察组明显,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);术后不良反应烦躁哭闹对照组较观察组显著,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:咪达唑仑联合小剂量的氯胺酮来辅助小儿硬膜外麻醉的疗效佳,值得临床推广应用。     

丙泊酚与咪哒唑仑复合氯胺酮用于小儿心导管术麻醉的比较

目的 比较丙泊酚与咪哒唑仑复合氯胺酮用于小儿心导管术麻醉的优缺点与安全性.方法 选择2～12岁先天性心脏病行心导管术患儿60例,随机分为两组,入室时静脉注射氯胺酮2 mg/kg行基础麻醉,P组采用丙泊酚6 mg/(kg·h)复合氯胺酮3 mg/(kg·h)维持,M组采用咪哒唑仑0.15 mg/(kg·h)复合氯胺酮3 mg/(kg·h)维持.结果 两组患儿手术时间差异无统计学意义,血流动力学不稳定状况、呼吸支持及体动发生率差异无统计学意义,P组清醒时间(15.9±5.4)min短于M组[(21.2±5.9)min],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 丙泊酚与咪哒唑仑复合氯胺酮均能安全有效地进行小儿心导管术的麻醉,而丙泊酚复合氯胺酮麻醉患儿苏醒更加迅速.     

氯胺酮复合异丙酚或咪达唑仑麻醉在烧伤手术中的效应比较

目的观察氯胺酮复合异丙酚或咪达唑仑麻醉在烧伤手术中的临床效果。方法64例成年患者分别进行丙泊酚一氯胺酮麻醉（P．K组）或咪达唑仑一氯胺酮麻醉（M．K组）,麻醉过程中观察MAP、HR、SpO2、苏醒时间及麻醉苏醒正确回答问题时间,并作统计学处理。结果P．K组注药后MAP稍升高,HR、SpO2较术前均有一过性下降（3min内恢复）,M．K组注药后较术前HR、MAP稍升高,SpO2无明显变化。两组同时间段比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）而停药后P．K组呼唤能睁眼和能正确回答问题的时间较M．K组明显缩短,有明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论两组效果均可满足手术麻醉,但P．K组麻醉呼吸循环平稳。术后苏醒快,更适合烧伤手术的麻醉。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.