MR扩散加权成像检查膝关节软骨早期退变的研究

目的 探讨早期关节软骨退变在3.0 T MR扩散加权成像(DWI)卜的表现及其价值.方法 选用山羊20只,20个左侧膝关节腔内注射10 ml木瓜蛋白酶溶液(5 U),建立早期关节软骨退变动物模型(试验组),20个右侧膝关节作为正常对照组,并在注药前及注药后24 h行双侧膝关节常规MRI及DWI.测昔膝关节软骨各个感兴趣区的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,比较各组问的差异.并取关节软骨组织作蛋白多糖含量测定和组织病理学检查.对骨性关节炎软骨病变组患者的100个膝关节和正常对照组20个膝关节行常规MRI及DWI,测量膝关节软骨各个感兴趣区的ADC值,比较各组间的差异.对所获数据进行配对t检验分析.结果 羊正常对照组关节软骨ADC均值(ADCav)为(14.2±2.3)×10-4mm2/s,膝关节兴趣区早期退变关节软骨ADCav为(17.5±4.2)×10-4mm2/s,早期退变关节软骨组的ADC值明显高于对照组,两组间差异有统计学意义(t=2.709;P=0.016).羊膝关节软骨蛋白多糖含量变化:对照组关节软骨蛋白多糖含量平均为4.22 ×106μg/kg,木瓜蛋白酶注射后24 h试验组关节软骨蛋白多糖含量降低至0.82 × 106μg/kg,试验组与正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.705,P=0.018).对照组人膝关节软骨ADCav为(7.6±2.2)×10-4mm2/s,骨性关节炎软骨病变组人膝关节软骨ADCav为(10.3±4.2)×10-4mm2/s.人骨性关节炎软骨病变组膝关节软骨的ADCav值明显高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.609;P=0.014).结论 MR DWI能发现常规MRI序列软骨信号尚未改变的更早期关节软骨退变.     

MR扩散加权成像对髌软骨损伤的诊断价值

目的：探讨MRI扩散加权成像在髌软骨损伤中的诊断价值。方法：使用GE 3T成像装置对8例正常健康志愿者16个膝关节、25例髌软骨损伤患者25个膝关节行常规序列及DWI序列成像。测量髌软骨各个感兴趣区的表观扩散系数（ADC）值,比较各组间的差异。结果：正常健康志愿者组ADC均值为（9.1±2.9）×10-4mm2/s,软骨损伤组髌软骨ADC均值为（11.3±5.0）×10-4mm2/s,两组间差异有统计学意义（t=30.832,P=0.000）。结论：MRI DWI对软骨损伤有较高的诊断价值。     

3.0TMR胃癌扩散加权成像——单序列分次屏气与分序列单次屏气比较研究

目的 比较3.0 T MR单序列分次屏气与分序列单次屏气在胃癌扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)的信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)、表观扩散系数(ADC)值和伪影等方面的差异.资料与方法 对经胃镜病理证实的18例胃癌患者行术前MR DWI检查,均行单序列分次屏气与分序列单次屏气两次扫描,比较两种检查方法的SNR、CNR、ADC值及伪影等影响图像质量的因素,以及胃癌与正常胃壁ADC值之间的差异.结果 18例胃癌DWI图像上均显示为高信号,两种检查方法间正常胃壁及癌肿ADC测量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而单次屏气DWI的SNR、CNR明显高于分次屏气扫描,单次屏气胃腔内自由水以及背景噪声信号强度明显低于分次屏气扫描,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);单次屏气法DWI图像的呼吸运动及并行采集空间敏感性编码技术(ASSET)伪影明显减轻;胃癌ADC值与正常胃壁ADC值间比较差异有统计学意义(t=- 10.167,P＜0.001),胃癌组明显低于正常胃壁组ADC值.结论 3.0 T MR胃癌DWI中单次屏气图像质量明显优于分次屏气扫描,胃癌ADC值明显低于正常胃壁ADC值,具有很好的临床应用价值.     

3.0T呼吸门控DWI在胰腺癌中的应用研究

目的:在3.0T磁共振上,分析评价呼吸门控DWI序列在胰腺癌中的应用价值.方法:在3.0T磁共振上,15例正常志愿者行常规T1WI、频率饱和脂肪抑制T2WI、MRCP、DWI及LAVE平扫,30例经手术病理证实的胰腺癌患者,术前行常规T1WI、频率饱和脂肪抑制T2WI、MRCP、DWI、三维LAVE及增强三维LAVA扫描,DWI序列基于SE-EPI序列及b值为0和600s/mm2,应用呼吸门控翻转恢复脂肪抑制技术,统计学比较分析正常胰腺胰头、胰体及胰尾的ADC值和胰腺癌、正常胰腺、邻近胰腺及远端炎症区的ADC值.结果:胰腺不同部位的ADC值从大到小依次为胰体、胰尾和胰头,单因素方差分析显示胰腺各部位的ADC值统计学有明显差异,值为5.521,P<0.05,两两比较显示胰头分别与胰体及胰尾的ADC值有统计学差异,P值分别为0.001及0.023.不同组织的ADC值从低纠高依次为胰腺癌、正常胰腺、远端炎症及邻近胰腺组织,单因素方差分析显示不同组织的ADC值有明细统计学差异,F值为15.976,P值为0.000002,两两比较分析显示胰腺癌分别与正常胰腺、邻近胰腺及远端炎症的ADC值统计学有明显差异,P值分别为0.00271、0.000003及0.000105,结论:在3.0T磁共振上,在呼吸门控DWI序列有助于病灶筛查,且测量的ADC值能够较好的反映胰腺癌、正常胰腺、邻近胰腺及远端炎症的组织病理状态.     

The Clinical Value of Combined MRI and Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Ankylosing Spondylitis

目的 探讨MRI联合DWI对强直性脊柱炎(AS)的诊断价值.资料与方法 搜集经修订纽约标准确诊的31例AS病例和25例正常对照组,两组均行两侧骶髂关节常规MRI横断位和冠状位抑脂T2WI、T1WI联合SE/EPI扩散加权成像(DWI)横断位扫描(b值0,600 s/mm2),观察两组骶髂关节的信号改变,测量表观扩散系数(ADC)值并作统计学检验.结果 31例病例组中的24例双侧或单侧骶髂关节面下骨质抑脂T2WI呈高信号,29例DWI呈高信号,25例对照组骶髂关节面下骨质T2WI、DWI均呈等信号,测量ADC值,病变组为(0.993±0.169)×10 -3mm2/s,对照组为(0.649±0 395)×10 -3 mm2/s,病变组ADC值明显高于对照组(t=4.14,P＜0.001),两者间差异有统计学意义.结论 MRI联合DWI对AS早期诊断有重要的临床价值.     

3.0T自由呼吸背景抑制弥散加权成像在胰腺癌中的应用研究

目的:在3.0T磁共振上,分析评价自由呼吸背景抑制弥散序列在胰腺癌中的应用价值。方法:20例正常志愿者行常规T1WI、频率饱和脂肪抑制T2WI、MRCP、弥散加权成像(DWI)及三维LAVE平扫,25例经手术病理证实的胰腺癌患者,术前行常规T1WI、频率饱和脂肪抑制T2WI、MRCP、DWI、三维LAVE及增强三维LAVA扫描,DWI序列基于SE-EPI序列及b值为0和600s/mm2,应用自由呼吸背景抑制技术,统计学比较分析正常胰腺、胰腺癌、邻近胰腺及远端炎症区的ADC值。结果:不同组织的ADC值从低到高依次为胰腺癌、正常胰腺、远端炎症及邻近胰腺组织,单因素方差分析显示不同组织的ADC值有明显统计学差异,F值为17.936,P值为0.0003,两两比较分析显示胰腺癌分别与正常胰腺、邻近胰腺及远端炎症的ADC值统计学有明显差异,P值分别为0.00591、0.000347及0.00211。结论:在3.0T磁共振上,自由呼吸背景抑制DWI序列有助于病灶筛查,其ADC值能够较好的反映胰腺癌、正常胰腺、邻近胰腺及远端炎症的组织病理状态。     

早期髌骨软化症髌软骨磁共振T2图成像和扩散加权成像的对照研究

目的 评价T2图成像和扩散加权成像(DWI)在研究早期髌骨软化症(CMP)中的价值.方法 12例正常者和32例早期CMP患者分别行T2图成像和DWI,工作站后处理测量髌软骨的T2值和ADC值.统计学比较正常组和早期CMP组髌软骨T2值和ADC值差异.结果 正常组髌软骨的平均T2值和ADC值分别为(32.67±3.20) ms和(1.57±0.17)×10-3mm2/s;早期CMP组为(39.77±2.64) ms和(1.90±0.35)×10-3mm2/s;有显著性升高(P<0.01).结论 早期CMP时髌软骨的T2值和ADC值均有明显升高,对早期诊断和监测中具有很高的临床应用价值.     

正常成人骶髂关节ADC值测量研究

目的:探讨健康成人骶髂关节的DWI特征,测量b值=500s/mm2时骶髂关节ADC值范围,为进一步研究DWI在骶髂关节病变中的应用提供依据。方法:应用Siemens Avanto 1.5T MRI扫描仪对100例随机选取的健康成人志愿者共200个骶髂关节行常规序列及DWI序列扫描。分别测量双侧骶骨面、髂骨面ROI的ADC值,比较同一b值不同部位ADC值的差异。按年龄分为3组(≤30岁;31~50岁;≥51岁),比较不同年龄组骶骨及髂骨ADC值的差异。结果:在b值=500s/mm2时,髂骨和骶骨的ADC值分别为(311.95±55.32)mm2/s、(362.64±72.16)mm2/s;成像条件相同时,骶骨的ADC值大于髂骨的ADC值,差异有统计学意义。不同年龄组骶骨、髂骨ADC值比较,差异有统计学意义。结论:本研究得到了1.5T MRI正常人骶髂关节的ADC值范围,为DWI在骶髂关节相关疾病的研究提供了一定的参考价值。     

MR扩散加权成像诊断膝关节骨关节病髌骨软骨病变的价值

目的探讨 MR 扩散加权成像(DWI)在膝关节软骨早期病变诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 18例正常健康志愿者36个膝关节、10例骨关节炎(OA)患者18个膝关节行常规序列及 DWI序列扫描。测量髌软骨各个感兴趣区的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,比较各组间的差异。结果正常健康志愿者组36个髌软骨 ADC 均值(ADCav)为(7.8±2.3)×10~(-4)mm~2/s,髌软骨上、中、下部的 ADC值分别为(7.9±2.3)×10~(-4)mm~2/s、(7.7±2.7)×10~(-4)mm~2/s、(7.9±2.5)×10~(-4)mm~2/s,之间差异无统计学意义(F=0.050,P=0.951)。OA 患者髌软骨 ADCav 为(10.5±4.1)×10~(-4)mm~2/s,髌软骨上、中、下部的 ADC 值分别为(10.8±4.1)×10~(-4)mm~2/s、(10.4±4.4)×10~(-4)mm~2/s、(10.5±4.2)×10~(-4)mm~2/s,之间差异无统计学意义(F=0.940,P=0.910)。但 OA 组的 ADC 值明显高于正常组,两组间差异有统计学意义(t=-2.577,P=0.017),其中以髌软骨内侧份 ADC 值改变最为显著。结论MR DWI 能发现常规 MR 软骨信号尚未改变的更早期软骨病变。     

MRI联合DWI在强直性脊柱炎诊断中的价值

目的探讨MRI联合DWI对强直性脊柱炎(AS)的诊断价值。资料与方法搜集经修订纽约标准确诊的31例AS病例和25例正常对照组,两组均行两侧骶髂关节常规MRI横断位和冠状位抑脂T2WI、T1WI联合SE/EPI扩散加权成像(DWI)横断位扫描(b值0,600 s/mm2),观察两组骶髂关节的信号改变,测量表观扩散系数(ADC)值并作统计学检验。结果 31例病例组中的24例双侧或单侧骶髂关节面下骨质抑脂T2WI呈高信号,29例DWI呈高信号,25例对照组骶髂关节面下骨质T2WI、DWI均呈等信号,测量ADC值,病变组为(0.993±0.169)×10-3mm2/s,对照组为(0.649±0.395)×10-3mm2/s,病变组ADC值明显高于对照组(t=4.14,P<0.001),两者间差异有统计学意义。结论 MRI联合DWI对AS早期诊断有重要的临床价值。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.