石油加工作业人员染色体畸变和微核形成的观察

对某石油化工厂沥青岗位工人４３人、催化常减压岗位工人１６６人和对照组１３４人，进行了外周血淋巴细胞染色体、淋巴细胞微核、口腔粘膜微核观察。其结果为：沥青组外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变细胞率（为０．５３％），染色体畸变率（为０．７７％），均高于对照组（０．０７％，０．０７％）（Ｐ均＜０．０１）和催化常减压组（０．０８％，０．１１％）（Ｐ均＜０．０１）；沥青组外周血淋巴细胞微核人员出现率（７０．４５％）和平均微核细胞率（１．２‰）高于对照组（４．５％，０．０４‰）（Ｐ均＜０．０１）和催化常减压组（２５．７０％，０．３２‰）（Ｐ均＜０．０１），且催化常减压组亦显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；沥青组口腔粘膜细胞微核人员出现率（２９．５４％）和平均微核细胞率（０．２７‰）显著高于对照组（５．２％，０．０４‰）（Ｐ均＜０．０１）和催化常减压组（１０．２４％，０．０７％）（Ｐ均＜０．０１）。可见，从事石油加工作业人员，无论是沥青还是催化常减压组，其细胞遗传物质在不同程度上均受到损伤。     

冷藏厂加工间未婚女工月经情况调查

冷藏厂加工间１４６名未婚女工为观察组（平均年龄２１．０６±２．２７，平均工龄３．０２±０．２９），１１２名未婚女服务人员为对照组（平均年龄２０．２±２．０４，平均工龄３．２７±０．２６），对她们的月经情况进行了调查。结果表明：观察组的月经异常发病率明显高于对照组，其差异有非常显著意义。具体表现在月经周期异常、周期延长、经量异常、痛经等方面（Ｐ＜０．０１）。其异常表现与工龄长短无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；痛经、周期延长（＞５６天）多在进厂一年左右发病。     

影响建筑工人慢性肌肉骨骼损伤的危险因素调查

随机选择５３８名建筑工人为实验组（对照２６８人）进行慢性肌肉骨骼损伤的危险因素调查。调查结果表明实验组患病率（６９．８９％）明显高于对照组（３３．５８％）（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＲＲ为２．０８；两组工人的患病率均随年龄的增长而增加，且各年龄段患病率实验组均高于对照组；患病率与心理状态关系分析显示，在工作环境、工作兴趣、待遇、疲劳感等４项心理因素中，不同心理状态工人之间的患病率差异均有显著性；另外，既往有各种疾病史者的患病率高于无既往史工人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

汽车驾驶员腰椎间盘突出症的调查

对３５名汽车驾驶员及３８名对照组人员进行健康检查。结果表明观察组人员腰椎间盘突出症的患病率显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,且随工龄延长而升高。体征检查结果,观察组腰部活动受限、压痛、直腿胎高试验、Ｘ线及ＣＴ等项指标阳性率显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。分析认为,汽车驾驶员中引起腰椎间盘突出症的因素可能是长时间保持固定体位、接受全身振动、不良的人机对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。分析认为,汽车驾驶员中引起腰     

坐位作业肌肉骨骼损伤的流行病学调查

为了研究坐位作业与肌肉骨骼损伤的关系，采用流行病学调查方法，以电子行业２４８６名坐位作业工人作为观察组，２１４１名非固定体位工人为对照组进行了健康调查。结果表明，坐位作业工人颈、肩、腕和腰等部位肌肉骨骼损伤的患病率均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），工人中肌肉骨骼损伤的患病率随工龄增加而增加并明显高于对照组。体检发现坐位作业工人关节活动受限、压痛点压痛阳性、颈部挤压试验等阳性率均高于相应对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结合作业环境和作业特点分析提示长期固定坐姿、不良人机界面以及反复用力都是引起损伤的危险因素。     

噪声作业对工人心脑血管系统影响的分析

本文对３５２ 名接触噪声工人为接噪组,１５０ 名非接触噪声工人为对照组进行脑血流图和心电图的测试。发现５ 年工龄以上的接噪组脑血流图和心电图异常率分别高于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,而且脑血流图和心电图都异常率也明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,并且异常率随工龄增长而增加（ｒ＝ ０．９９５１,Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,可以认为超过国家试行卫生标准的噪声对噪声作业工人心脑血管有影响。     

腰/臀比值与糖、脂代谢相关性研究

测定２２６例ＮＩＤＤＭ、３８９例ＩＧＴ患者体质指数（ＢＭＩ）及腰／臀比值（ＷＨＲ），并与１５３例糖耐量正常对照组作了比较。结果显示：ＮＩＤＤＭ组、ＩＧＴ组ＢＭＩ、ＷＨＲ均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＮＩＤＤＭ组ＷＨＲ显著高于ＩＧＴ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），两组间ＢＭＩ无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。另外，ＮＩＤＤＭ组、ＩＧＴ组的ＦＩｎｓ、２ｈＢＧ、２ｈＩｎｓ、ＴＧ、ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ及高血压患病率均显著高于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＮＩＤＤＭ组ＦＢＧ、ＦＩｎｓ、２ｈＢＧ、ＴＧ及高血压患病率显著高于ＩＧＴ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），而ＩＤ１、２ｈＩｎｓ、ＩＤ２显著低于ＩＧＴ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＮＩＤＤＭ组Ｃｈ明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而ＩＧＴ组Ｃｈ与对照组相比无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。相关分析结果示ＷＨＲ与ＩＤ１、ＩＤ２、Ｃｈ、ＴＧ、ＳＢＰ、ＤＢＰ，均呈正相关。提示ＷＨＲ是体脂分布对糖、脂及胰岛素代谢影响较重要的指标。     

低水平铅接触对男工性机能及生殖结局的影响

本文研究了接触低水平铅男工的性机能和生殖结局状况。接铅组性机能障碍发生率为１１．８０％，对照组为４．４８％，两组比较差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），早泄（１１．８０％）、性欲减退或无性兴奋性（１４．６％）的发生率也显著高于对照组（４．９３％、４．０４％）。性机能障碍和早泄发生率有随工龄增加而增高的趋势（Ｐ＜０．０５、Ｐ＜０．０１）。接铅男工妻子的自然流产率（９．５０％）、死胎死产率（２．２３％）和不育率（８．４３％）也分别高于对照组（５．５２％、０．４８％、２．６９％）。自然流产率的增高主要表现为早期自然流产率的增高，发生率与对照组比较有极显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析显示，铅接触是自然流产率、死胎死产率和不育率增高的唯一危险因素（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

氟暴露工人血清白细胞介素2含量的变化及其意义

目的探讨氟暴露工人血清白细胞介素２含量的变化及其意义。方法选取某铝厂工人６６人,测定血清氟、尿氟、尿氟硼酸根浓度（离子选择电极法）及血清ＩＬ－２含量（ＥＬＩＳＡ法）。结果氟暴露组血清氟、尿氟及氟硼酸根浓度明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,其中血清氟浓度与工龄有关,低工龄组低于高工龄组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而尿氟和尿氟硼酸根浓度与工龄无关;氟暴露工人血清ＩＬ－２含量明显低于对照组,其中高工龄组又低于低工龄组,抑制率分别为２９．７％和１３．０％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ＩＬ－２含量的下降是氟性免疫损伤的机理之一。     

奎河污染对沿岸少年儿童血红蛋白含量影响的调查研究

奎河因接纳城市工业废水和生活污水而受到污染。为了解奎河污染对沿岸少年儿童身体健康和血红蛋白含量的影响，对９９２名（观察组４９２名，对照组５００名）中小学生，用氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定Ｈｂ值。显示：观察组学生Ｈｂ均值（１２２．８８±１０．８４ｇ／Ｌ），明显低于对照组（１２７．９６±８．４０ｇ／Ｌ）（ｔ＝８．２６，Ｐ＜０．０１）；而贫血患病率则明显高于对照组（观察组为４４．１１％，对照组为２９．０％）（ｕ＝４．９４，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示，奎河污染水源对沿岸居民饮水和生活环境形成了广泛污染，并对沿岸少年儿童身体健康和血红蛋白含量产生了危害     

坐位和重体力工作人群腰背痛流行病学调查

[目的 ]探讨坐位和重体力工作人群腰背痛的患病情况及其相关危险因素。 [方法 ]对 3类工作人群 (固定体姿、重体力和教师等工种 ,以轻体力自由体姿教师组作为参比组 )采用标准问卷和体检等方法进行横断面调查 ,共调查3 5 6人 (3组分别为 81,181和 94人 )。 [结果 ]坐位、重体力和参比组的累积患病率分别为 79 0 % ,60 2 % ,45 8% ,年患病率分别为 74 1% ,46 4% ,3 7 5 % ,周患病率分别为 3 3 3 % ,13 3 % ,2 1 9% ;对偏倚进行控制后 ,坐位工人累积患病率、年患病率和周患病率与参比组比较的OR值分别为 8 2 ,8 0 ,3 1,而重体力工人则为 4 8,3 7,3 8(P值均小于 0 0 5 )。 [结论 ]固定体姿和重体力劳动都是工作相关腰背痛的重要危险因素 ,健康工人效应在重体力工人组表现明显 ,工种和工作体力要求评分可影响腰背痛的患病情况 ,主要混杂因素是年龄和工作满意度     

An evaluation of low back pain among female brick field workers of West Bengal,India

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among brick field workers and to explore attributed causes of LBP, investigate the relationship between LBP and psychophysical and psychosocial factors and measure the impact of LBP.

Methods

A modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire along with Body Part Discomfort scale were administered to brick field workers (N = 148). Working posture of the participants was assessed using Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method.

Results

The study showed that 70 % of the female workers reported LBP due to awkward working posture for prolonged period of time. This was mainly reported by brick moulders. 45 % reported LBP due to manual material handling (MMH) and 40 % due to awkward lifting of heavy objects (brick). The study shows that the LBP is more prevalent (OR 1.59 and 95 % CI 0.411–6.207). 78 % of the female workers want the job rotation to relieve from their job monotony.

Conclusions

LBP occurred among female workers due to awkward posture, repetitive work and MMH. This study also stated that psychosocial cause of LBP is inadequacy income, monotony work, job dissatisfaction. Working posture analysis REBA suggests that all the working postures are high-risk level.     

Association of working postures and some lifestyles with low back pain in a manufactory]

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between work and low back pain (LBP) by examining both working postures and the workers' everyday lifestyle. Subjects were 118 male workers in a small-to-medium-sized factory having three kinds of workplaces: the slit line, the packing line, and the crane unit. Working posture analysis with OWAS and interviews were carried out. The result of posture analysis showed that the standing posture with both legs straight and back bent appeared most frequently in all three workplaces. Meanwhile, the prevalence of LBP was almost equal among these groups, with 70% of workers having experienced LBP in each group. But the main cause of LBP differed among the three groups. On the slit line, the result of regression analysis and interview suggested that exercises in the past affected the prevalence of LBP, and that aging and work made LBP worse. On the packing line, many workers were transferred to other positions after a few years, and thus might affect the prevalence of LBP in other workplaces. For the crane unit, it appeared that work in previous positions might affect the occurrence of LBP. Moreover, it seemed that activities in the workplace, rather than lifestyles, contribute to the occurrence of LBP in this factory.     

焦化作业工人代谢综合征与脂肪肝流行病学研究

目的 通过焦化作业工人代谢综合征、脂肪肝流行病学研究,为探讨代谢综合征、脂肪肝防治对策提供科学依据。方法选择某冶金焦化厂焦炉和化产作业工龄10年以上的男性工人535人为暴露组：选择不接触或较少接触焦炉逸散物的该厂工龄1年以上的男性工人174人为对照组。调查内容包括现场劳动卫生学调查、一般情况、职业史、个人史、血常规内科检查、血常规、血生化、乙肝五项、B超等。结果焦化生产场所不同程度存在焦炉逸散物（COE）危害,其中炉顶作业区苯并（a）芘（BaP）、苯溶物（BSM）危害比炉侧作业区和化产作业区严重,炉侧作业区BaP、BSM浓度比化产作业区略高。炉顶作业组高血压、代谢综合征、脂肪肝检出率分别为28．2％、10．4％、19．3％,炉侧作业组脂肪肝检出率为20．3％．均高于对照组（P〈0．05）;化产作业组高血压检出率为31．7％,与对照组（17．2％）相比,两者有极显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论焦化作业工人中焦炉作业工人代谢综合征、脂肪肝高发可能与其职业暴露有关,COE有可能导致机体胰岛素抵抗（1R）而使代谢综合征和脂肪肝发生,应引起高度重视。     

The actual condition of musculoskeletal disorders of workers working at new special nursing homes for the aged in Osaka Prefecture--comparison of musculoskeletal disorder between manager's awareness and care workers' complaints by questionnaire survey]

In order to examine the actual condition of health problems of workers working at new special nursing homes for the aged, we conducted an interview survey with the managers and a questionnaire survey among the workers. Subjects of the interview survey were managers at the 7 nursing homes. Subjects of the questionnaire survey were 362 workers employed at the 7 nursing homes, 214 care workers (CWs) and 104 workers other than care workers (non-CWs); 299 questionnaires were returned. The response rate was 82.6%. We asked the managers "How many CWs are complaining of low back pain (LBP) and upper extremity pain at your nursing home?" One manager answered that 80% of CWs were complaining of LBP, but other managers answered that a few but no more than 5 CWs were complaining of LBP. On the other hand, the prevalence of LBP among CWs by the questionnaire survey was high. The point prevalence of LBP was 70.0%, the one month prevalence of LBP was 81.6%, and the period prevalence of LBP in present job was 88.6%. The managers had less interest in upper extremity pain than in LBP. But more than 60% of CWs had complained of upper extremity pain in the previous 1 month. Seventy-three percent of CWs had not received any education about work-related musculoskeletal disorders although about half of them had got some education or training to minimize the risk of injury in training school. Regarding female workers (77% of all CWs, 73% of all non-CWs), the percentages of current smokers and night shift workers were higher in CWs than in non-CWs with statistically significant differences. The percentages of workers working without work breaks and working overtime were higher in non-CWs than in CWs with statistically significant differences. For prevalence of LBP among female CWs and female non-CWs, the workers having LBP now, having had LBP in present job, and having first experienced LBP in present job were higher in CWs than in non-CWs with statistically significant differences. All nursing homes surveyed had provided no special health examination for LBP. For managers to grasp the actual condition of musculoskeletal disorders of workers working at the nursing homes for the aged, we recommend that care workers should have a special health examination for LBP.     

南通市某有机磷农药生产企业职工血清中胆碱酯酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活力测定结果

目的了解南通市2011年某有机磷农药生产企业职工血清胆碱酯酶(CHE)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活力测定结果,并分析相关的影响因素。方法对2011年南通市某农药厂485名职工进行职业健康检查,并分析289名有机磷作业人群(暴露组)和196名非暴露人群(对照组)的血清CHE、ALT活力检测结果。结果职业暴露组工人CHE明显低于对照组,ALT活力水平明显高于对照组。职业暴露人群不同工龄组比较:工龄≤1 a组和10 a组CHE活力明显高于1～10 a组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),≤1 a组CHE低于10 a组(P0.01);随着工龄的增长,ALT呈增高趋势,工龄越长,ALT水平越高,各工龄组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。女性暴露人群CHE和ALT水平均显著低于男性(P0.01和P0.05)。结论有机磷农药作业对职业人群的CHE、ALT影响显著,应引起足够重视,加强防护。     

Cold exposure and low back pain in store workers in Israel

BACKGROUND: In recent years the demand for frozen food in the Western world has been growing, and the number of cold storeroom has increased proportionately. There are very few studies documenting cold exposure as a risk factor for musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS). This study describes the prevalence of MSS, in particular low back pain (LBP) among cold storeroom workers in Israel and explores the connection between exposure to cold at work and MSS. METHODS: A cross-section survey included 122 males between the ages of 20-45 who had been employed for at least 1 year in three food stores in Israel. The subjects were classified as an exposed group working at temperatures of -20 degrees C and a control group working at room temperatures (20 degrees C to 25 degrees C). The prevalence rate of MSS, in particular LBP, was assessed using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. RESULTS: Cold storeroom workers had increased odds of reporting back symptoms in the previous 12 months (odds ratio (OR) = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.3-6.7) and during work (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.8-13.0) compared with their colleagues working in storerooms at regular temperatures. Among workers who described themselves as satisfied at work, the cold storeroom workers had increased odds of reporting back symptoms in the last 12 months and during work (OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.5-10.6, OR = 9.4, 95% CI = 2.0-44.6, respectively) while there was no association between store type and LBP among dissatisfied workers. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study strengthen the hypothesis that workers in cold environments are at a greater risk of LBP.     

Low back pain in physical education teachers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to occupational low back pain (LBP) occurring in male physical education teachers (PET). The location was set in Athens and we used questionnaires to collect information. Analysis revealed that the prevalence of LBP during the survey was 63%. The correlation of personal factors and LBP showed that the prevalence of LBP was significantly higher in those PET (odds ratio, 2.5) who answered yes to the item "no personal training" than in the PET who did not. Moreover, many occupational factors are related to LBP. These were the items "lifting gym instruments" (odds ratio, 2.6) and "helping students into flexing posture" (odds ratio, 3.0). From the working conditions it was confirmed that the PET (odds ratio, 2.5) who "spent more than 35 hours per week in teaching physical education" were correlated with LBP. Our results suggest that PET, under the current working condition, are vulnerable to low back pain. An improvement of these conditions must be taken into account in order to prevent LBP.     

噪声对飞机制造工人心血管和听力系统的影响

目的：探讨噪声对飞机制造工人心血管和听力系统的影响.方法：抽取703名飞机制造工人（其中铆工工人522名和试飞员181名）为观察组和对照组86人,进行现场卫生学调查、测量血压、描记心电图,同时做听力测试.结果：噪声对飞机制造工人的听力损伤检出率高于对照组（P＜0.01）,而且有随着接噪工龄增加而增加的趋势（P＜0.05）.观察组高血压和心电图异常率明显高于对照组（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）.异常心电图中观察组窦性心律不齐、ST-T改变和束支传导阻滞分别明显高于对照组（均有P＜0.01）.结论：机场噪声不仅对作业工人的听觉系统造成特异性损害,同时对心血管系统也造成损害.