氟西汀对急性脑卒中后抑郁状态和神经功能的影响

将62例脑卒中后抑郁患者按患者意愿分成治疗组39例和对照组23例。全部病例均进行常规药物治疗和康复训练，治疗组加用氟西汀20mg121服，1次／d，共6周。在治疗前及治疗6周后对所有患者进行汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、Barthel指数、神经功能缺损程度评定。结果治疗组治疗后HAMD评分和神经功能缺损程度评分较治疗前显著下降、Barthel指数较治疗前显著升高（P〈0．05），与对照组治疗后比较，差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。提示氟西汀能显著改善急性脑卒中后抑郁患者的抑郁症状，促进日常生活活动能力和神经功能的恢复。     

苦碟子注射液治疗缺血性脑卒中及预防卒中后抑郁的临床研究

目的探讨苦碟子治疗脑卒中的临床疗效及对脑卒中后抑郁状态的影响。方法选择脑卒中患者120例，随机分为2组，治疗组给予碟脉灵注射液40ml加萄葡糖或生理盐水静滴，对照组予维脑路通0．6静脉滴注，均为每131次，21d为一疗程。治疗前后进行临床疗效评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）及HAMD各因子分比较、简易精神状态检查量表（MMSE）、Barthel指数（CSS）、临床神经功能缺损量表（MBI）评分。结果两组患者疗效间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01），两组患者治疗后HAMD及HAMD各因子分比较有显著性意义，治疗组在各因子的减分上明显好于对照组，尤以焦虑／躯体化、体质量、迟滞、睡眠障碍、绝望感明显。结论苦碟子注射液能显著改善缺血性脑卒中临床症状，有效改善抑郁及相关临床症状。     

电针联合氟西汀对卒中后抑郁症患者抑郁状态及神经功能的影响

目的观察电针联合氟西汀对卒中后抑郁症（PSD）患者抑郁状态及神经功能的影响。方法将95例PSD患者随机分为A、B、C三组,分别采用电针、氟西汀、电针联合氟西汀治疗。治疗前后根据哈密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、神经功能缺损量表及副反应量表（TESS）评分,评定其抑郁程度、神经功能缺损程度及不良反应。结果治疗6周后,三组治疗前后组内及治疗后组间HAMD评分、神经功能缺损评分、TESS评分比较均有统计学差异（P均〈0.05）,其中C组优于A组及B组（P均〈0.05）。结论电针联合氟西汀能更好地改善PSD患者的抑郁状态,促进其神经功能恢复,且不良反应少,值得临床应用。     

舒乐冲剂治疗脑卒中后抑郁的随机对照研究

目的观察舒乐冲剂治疗脑卒中后抑郁（PSD）的疗效及其对神经功能康复的影响。方法将41例PSD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组口服舒乐冲剂,对照组服用盐酸氟西汀,两组患者在治疗前及治疗后6周进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）及神经功能缺损评分,并观察不良反应。结果在HAMD抑郁评分、神经功能缺损评分方面,两组治疗后与治疗前比较,均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组治疗后量袁评分与盐酸氟西汀治疗疗效果相当,无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组临床疗效无统计学意义。结论舒乐冲剂能明显改善PSD患者的抑郁症状,有利于神经功能的恢复且无明显不良反应,安全性高。     

氟西汀与阿米替林治疗脑卒中后抑郁临床对照研究

目的评价氟西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁的疗效和不良反应。方法采用氟西汀与阿米替林对42例脑卒中后抑郁患者进行8周双盲对照治疗。用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、临床疗效总评量表病情严重程度（CGI—SI）、副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应。结果氟西汀与阿米替林疗效相近，但起效快，不良反应少。结论氟西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁安全有效。     

氟西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁40例临床观察

目的观察氟西汀对脑卒中后抑郁状态的疗效。方法对40例患脑卒中后抑郁的患者随机分为治疗组(加用氟西汀)和对照组(常规治疗)各20例。治疗前后行HAMD,BI及SSS量表进行评定,观察其疗效。结果治疗组治疗后的HAMD评分。SSS评分显著降低,BI评分显著提高,与对照组比较有显著性差异(均P<0.01)。结论氟西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁疗效显著,能加快卒中后神经功能的恢复,副作用小。     

药物与心理干预联合治疗脑卒中后抑郁的疗效观察

目的观察抗抑郁药物帕罗西汀联合心理干预对脑卒中后抑郁的疗效。方法60例卒中后抑郁症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例，两组均给予帕罗西汀20mg／d晨服；治疗组同时介入心理治疗。治疗前后8周末分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、中国卒中量表（CSS）评定其疗效。结果治疗8周后，2组的HAMD、CSS评分均明显低于治疗前，且治疗组均优于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。治疗组抑郁总有效率、神经功能恢复总有效率均93．3％，明显高于对照组的76．7％和80．0％（P〈0．01）。结论帕罗西汀联合心理干预有良好的抗抑郁及促进神经功能恢复的作用，疗效优于单纯药物治疗。     

抗抑郁联合心理治疗对卒中后抑郁患者认知功能的影响

目的研究抗抑郁药物联合心理治疗对卒中后抑郁患者情感障碍、神经功能康复及认知障碍的影响。方法将120例PSD患者随机分为两组,两组均给予脑血管病常规治疗,治疗组同时加用盐酸氟西汀联合心理治疗,治疗12周后,采用神经功能缺损评分判断临床疗效,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）及听觉Oddball刺激序列事件相关电位（P300）潜伏期与波幅的变化判断抗抑郁疗效及对认知功能的影响。结果治疗组临床疗效较对照组明显提高,治疗12周后治疗组较对照组HAMD评分显著降低,MMSE评分显著提高,P300潜伏期显著缩短,波幅显著增高（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。结论卒中后的神经功能障碍、抑郁和认知障碍可同时存在并相互影响,抗抑郁药物联合心理治疗可改善PSD患者的抑郁情绪、认知能力和预后。     

58例脑卒中后抑郁的临床分析

目的探讨脑卒中后抑郁的临床特点、相关因素及干预对策。方法选取2003年1月-2006年6月在我院住院或门诊就诊明确诊断脑卒中后抑郁的病人，采用自制的一般情况调查表及汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）对病人进行评定。对抑郁症病人给予氟西汀治疗，并用HAMD、日常生活能力量表（ADL）及神经功能缺损量表（NFDs）对治疗前后进行评分比较。结果脑卒中后抑郁的发生原因既有社会心理学因素，又有神经生物学因素。治疗前后HAMD、ADL、NFDS的评分比较均具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论脑卒中后抑郁可严重影响病人神经功能缺损的程度和疾病的康复速度，应及早诊治。     

抗抑郁治疗对腔隙性脑梗死后抑郁患者康复的影响

目的探讨抗抑郁药物辅助治疗对腔隙性脑梗死后抑郁患者临床康复的影响。方法56例腔隙性脑梗死后抑郁患者，随机分为治疗组、对照组各28例。对照组予常规脑血管病药物治疗，治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用帕罗西汀20mg／d，疗程6个月。用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和临床神经功能缺损评分标准（改良SSS）评定临床疗效。结果治疗组患者治疗后1、2个月HAMD评分与治疗前及对照组比较差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。对照组患者治疗后2个月HAMD评分与治疗前差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）；两组患者治疗后2个月临床神经功能康复疗效间差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论腔隙性脑梗死后抑郁患者加用帕罗西汀抗抑郁治疗效果良好。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.