肝血管瘤动静脉瘘的动态CT表现

目的 :探讨肝血管瘤动静脉瘘的动态CT表现及其与病灶的大小、位置和强化方式的关系。方法 :盲法下分析3 5例病人共 67个病灶的动态CT扫描影像 :以 3ml/s的速度静脉团注 10 0ml造影剂后行动脉期 (延迟 2 0s)、门静脉期 (延迟60s)和延迟期 (延迟 3～ 5min)扫描。动静脉瘘的CT诊断标准为 :①动静脉直接交通 :动脉期门静脉提前显影 ,且显示为与主动脉相似的时间 密度曲线 ;②肿瘤周围一过性楔形强化区 :动脉期病灶周围显示为楔形或不规则形密度增高影 ,而门静脉期该区域显示为等密度或稍高密度。分析肝血管瘤出现动静脉瘘的几率与病灶的大小、位置和强化方式的关系。结果 :67个肝血管瘤病灶中 18个出现动静脉瘘 ,其中表现为动静脉直接交通 5例 ,17例表现为肿瘤周围一过性强化 ,4例病灶同时表现出上述 2个征象。动静脉瘘的出现与病灶的位置和大小无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5)。动静脉瘘更倾向于出现在快速强化型血管瘤 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :肝血管瘤伴发动静脉瘘并非很少见。伴发动静脉瘘肝血管瘤更容易出现在快速充填型血管瘤中     

儿童先天性股深动静脉瘘的介入栓塞治疗

目的 探讨采用弹簧钢圈及无水乙醇栓塞治疗儿童先天性股深动静脉瘘的临床疗效及安全性.方法 8例先天性股深动静脉瘘的儿童均经B超及动脉造影检查证实为股深动静脉瘘,均接受介入治疗.术中将2.7F微导管插至瘘口处,注入弹簧钢圈或无水乙醇以堵塞瘘支,10 min后再次于股动脉处造影,如果仍然有残余瘘口,使用同样的方法继续堵塞瘘支直至瘘口完全闭塞.实施血管内介入栓塞治疗后4周行血管造影复查,若仍有残余瘘口则再次进行栓塞.随访6个月至2年,观察临床症状及体征改变.结果 动脉造影可清楚地显示股深动脉及其分支以及瘘口情况,3例只见单一瘘口,5例合并多个微瘘口存在.8例患儿共实施介入栓塞术10次,释放弹簧钢圈共47枚,进行无水乙醇栓塞7次,技术操作均成功.无弹簧钢圈异位栓塞,未出现皮肤明显坏死、神经功能损害及心脑肺严重并发症,术中瘘口均立即闭塞.术后4周再次行血管造影复查,7例瘘口完全闭塞,临床症状较前改善,未见复发;1例可见股深动脉分支多发微小瘘口,先后共行3次介入栓塞术,仍见少许残余微瘘存在,但临床症状控制良好,无再发展.结论 介入栓塞治疗儿童先天性股深动静脉瘘是一种安全、有效的方法,有望成为儿童先天性股深动静脉瘘的首选治疗方法.     

无水乙醇栓塞治疗先天性肾动静脉畸形

目的 探讨经微导管无水乙醇动脉栓塞治疗先天性肾动静脉畸形的疗效和安全性.方法 回顾性分析11例以肉眼血尿为主要症状的先天性肾动静脉畸形,选择性肾动脉造影确诊为肾动静脉畸形后,超选择性病变动脉插管,用无水乙醇栓塞病变血管治疗.结果 11例患者共进行12次治疗,无水乙醇用量5～25 ml,11例肾动静脉畸形均成功栓塞,栓塞24～48 h内肉眼血尿消失.术后1周内出现栓塞侧腰部酸痛、低热、腹胀、恶心、呕吐等症状,无其他严重并发症.随访4～96个月无血尿复发,肾功能正常.结论 经导管无水乙醇动脉栓寨安全有效、费用低廉,是先天性肾动静脉畸形治疗的有效方法.     

PVA颗粒栓塞硬膜动静脉瘘

目的：评价经血管ＰＶＡ颗粒栓塞硬膜动静脉瘘的临床效果及其安全。材料和方法；５例经血管造下实的硬膜动静脉瘘（２例累及海绵窦，１例累及右横窦、乙状窦、１例累及上乔状窦，１例累及右侧中颅凹）患者，选择性插管入近病巢处的供养动脉或近供养动脉开口的主干动脉（颌内动脉或颈外动脉），采用ＰＶＡ颗粒悬液加适量优维显３００本成不透光混合液，在透视监视下缓慢主供养动脉坡至栓塞瘘道，术后１５分钟和６个月随因管造影及评价     

硬脑膜动静脉瘘的治疗

目的　探讨不同方法治疗不同类型的硬脑膜动静脉瘘 (DAVF)的疗效。方法　采用经动脉入路在供血动脉内采用低浓度NBCA胶、弹簧圈、游离纤毛钢圈、PVA等栓塞治疗 ;经静脉入路在瘘口静脉端用弹簧圈栓塞 ,或直接开颅手术夹闭瘘口、静脉窦表面颅骨钻孔后直接穿刺作静脉窦内栓塞及静脉内支架植入等方法治疗不同部位和不同类型的DAVF 32例。结果　 8例前颅凹底DAVF ,5例经动脉入路栓塞治疗 ,2例治愈 ,3例临床好转 ;3例 (1例经静脉入路治疗失败后 )前颅凹底入路行开颅瘘口直接夹闭治愈。 14例海绵窦区DAVF ,7例经眼上静脉入路海绵窦内栓塞治愈 ,4例经动脉入路 ,治愈 1例 ,好转 3例。 5例横窦区DAVF ,2例经静脉入路窦内栓塞治愈 ,2例动脉入路栓塞后好转 ,1例行窦孤立手术治愈。 4例多处瘘口的上矢状窦DAVF ,联合多种治疗方法经多次治疗 ,临床好转。 1例左侧颈静脉孔区DAVF联合多种治疗方法经多次治疗治愈。结论　前颅凹底DAVF以直接手术行瘘口夹闭疗效好 ,经动脉入路低浓度胶栓塞可治愈但需注意危险吻合 ;海绵窦区DAVF经静脉入路栓塞多可治愈。横窦区DAVF静脉入路栓塞瘘口静脉端效果好 ;复杂性DAVF治疗困难 ,目前联合多种治疗方法可以达到临床改善。将治疗策略定在针对瘘口的静脉端 ,可望达到临床治愈。     

头颈部动静脉瘘的手术与栓塞治疗

目的：探讨头颈部动静脉瘘的手术及栓塞治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析74例头颈部动静脉瘘的手术与栓塞治疗;手术治疗14例其中颈动脉结扎2例、瘘口孤立5例、铜丝填塞6例、颅内眼上静脉夹闭1例;可脱球囊栓塞治疗60例。结果：手术治疗的14例,治愈6例,好转6例,复发1例,死亡1例;可脱球囊血管内栓塞治疗60例,治愈59例,好转1例。结论：头颈部动静脉瘘的治疗方法中,血管内栓塞应作为首选的治疗方法。     

螺旋弹簧圈堵塞术治疗先天性肺动静脉瘘

目的总结螺旋弹簧圈(Coil)堵塞术治疗先天性肺动静脉瘘的经验及疗效。方法回顾性分析用Coil弹簧栓堵塞治疗的肺动静脉瘘7例患者,其中单发囊状型4例,多发囊状型2例,多发弥漫型1例。结果7例患者均栓塞成功。6例囊性肺动静脉瘘平均股动脉血氧饱和度由术前87％上升为术后96％。1例弥漫型肺动静脉瘘在栓塞术中出现一过性胸前区隐痛,经分期堵塞血氧饱和度由术前79％上升为87％。随访6个月至5年,仅弥漫型肺动静脉瘘1例血氧饱和度较术后轻度下降,并超声心动图提示出现轻中度右房室瓣关闭不全,余病例均无复发。结论Coil堵塞术治疗先天性囊状型肺动静脉瘘是安全有效的治疗方法,但对弥漫型者仅为一姑息治疗,疗效有待经验总结。     

化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并肝动静脉瘘的临床研究

【摘要】目的：探讨化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并肝动静脉瘘（HAVS)的临床疗效及影响预后的因素。方法： 67例不能手术切除的原发性肝癌合并HAVS患者行化疗栓塞治疗,观察HAVS栓塞效果及近期、远期疗效。应用Kaplan-Meier法、Log-rank检验进行患者的生存率分析,Cox回归模型进行多因素分析。结果：67例HAVS中肝动脉-门静脉瘘59例,肝动脉-肝静脉瘘8例;轻、中度动静脉瘘53例,重度动静脉瘘14例。HAVS完全栓塞44例(65.7%),轻、中度动静脉瘘的完全栓塞率(73.6%,39/53)高于重度动静脉瘘(35.7%,5/14),差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.04,P=0.008）。67例患者中,完全缓解(CR) 2例,部分缓解(PR) 29例,疾病稳定(SD) 30例,疾病进展(PD) 6例,总有效率为46.7% (31/67）。67例患者1年生存率为49.3%,中位生存期为11.0个月。单因素分析结果显示肿瘤大小(＜8cm/≥8cm）、血管瘤栓(有/无)、术前AFP水平(＜400/≥400ng/mL）、碘油沉积类型(Ⅰ+Ⅱ/Ⅲ)、瘘口栓塞效果(瘘消失/未消失)的生存率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,Cox模型多因素分析显示肿瘤大小、碘油沉积类型是生存率的独立预后因素。结论:化疗栓塞治疗原发性肝癌合并HAVS有效,肿瘤大小、碘油沉积类型是独立的预后因素。     

经皮海绵窦直接穿刺栓塞治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘一例

患者女 ,37岁。因脑外伤后左眼失明 17年 ,头痛、颅内杂音 2年入院 ,2年前在外院经血管造影诊断为海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘 ,并经左侧颈外动脉途径对供血支行颗粒及NBCA胶的栓塞治疗 ,治疗后症状有短期改善 ,但随即症状逐渐加重。入院时查体左眼失明 ,眼球活动障碍 ,左侧瞳孔 >右侧瞳孔 ,直接对光反射消失 ,间接对光反射存在正常 ,左侧视神经乳头萎缩 ,左侧眼球及颞部听诊为收缩期增强的吹风样杂音 ,右侧轻度结膜充血水肿。入院后进行了DSA检查 ,显示左侧海绵窦区的硬脑膜动静脉瘘 ,双侧颈外动脉、颈内动脉都有分支供应 ,左侧海绵窦扩张成…     

Selective Embolization of Large Symptomatic Iatrogenic Renal Transplant Arteriovenous Fistula

We report on the successful treatment of hypertension by occlusion of a large iatrogenic renal transplant arteriovenous fistula using detachable embolization coils with concomitant flow reduction by occlusion balloon in two patients.     

创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘

目的：为了进一步探讨创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘的手术方法，我院血管外科分析了１９６３年６月～１９９５年１２月，经手术治疗的创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘９６例。其中创伤性动脉瘤５５例，含６３个动脉瘤，动静脉瘘４１例，含４３个动静脉瘘。方法：根据血管造影和手术发现，将创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘各分为四个类型。手术方法包括直接修补、单纯或四头结扎、瘤或瘘切除然后行对端吻合或大隐静脉或人造血管移植。结果：除１例左颈总动脉根部动脉瘤伴左颈总动脉—无名静脉瘘术后１９小时死于弥漫性血管内凝血外，其余无死亡。动脉瘤和动静脉瘘得到随访的分别为７９．６％和７８．０％。远期随访效果较佳。结论：不同类型的创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘，应采用不同的手术方法。     

硬脑膜动脉海绵窦瘘的眼眶CT表现,DSA检查及栓塞治疗

笔者分析了５例硬脑膜动脉海绵窦瘘伴突眼，结膜充血的病例，全部经ＣＴ及ＤＳＡ检查，同时进行了栓塞治疗，经随访７－９个月未见复发，主要ＣＴ表现为：（１）眼球突出，结膜充血；（２）眼上静脉扩张；（３）海绵窦增大；（４）眼外肌增厚：（５）眶尖软组织肿胀。并讨论了诊断鉴别诊断，ＤＳＡ检查及有关治疗问题。     

Congenital Aorto-azygous Fistula Treated with Coil Embolization: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Arteriovenous fistulas between the aorta and the azygous vein usually manifest as a continuous audible murmur mimicking a patent ductus arteriosus when observed at birth. Symptoms when present during childhood are related to dyspnea or cardiac insufficiency. Embolotherapy of congenital vascular malformations is possible. However when this less invasive treatment fails, surgical treatment is sometimes necessary. We describe the case of a 12-year-old child with a large thoracic arteriovenous fistula between the descending thoracic aorta and the azygous vein, which was closed successfully by coil embolization. Available data in the literature suggest that coil embolization of aorto-azygous fistulas is usually succesful.     

Arteriovenous malformation of the hand with involvement of bone

A case of arteriovenous malformation of the hand involving bone is presented. Changes in the involved bone may be characteristic but are usually not diagnostic. The value of arteriography in the diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation is emphasized, since biopsy may be hazardous and even misleading.     

Ileocolic Arteriovenous Fistula with Superior Mesenteric Vein Aneurism: Endovascular Treatment

We report a case of a venous aneurysm secondary to an acquired ileocolic arteriovenous fistula in a 64-year-old woman with recurrent abdominal pain and history of appendectomy. The aneurysm was diagnosed by ultrasound and computed tomography. Angiography showed an arteriovenous fistula between ileocolic branches of the superior mesenteric artery and vein. This vascular abnormality was successfully treated with coil embolization.     

Renal Arteriovenous Fistula with Rapid Blood Flow Successfully Treated by Transcatheter Arterial Embolization: Application of Interlocking Detachable Coil as Coil Anchor

A 70-year-old woman presented to our outpatient clinic with a large idiopathic renal arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) using interlocking detachable coils (IDC) as an anchor was planned. However, because of markedly rapid blood flow and excessive coil flexibility, detaching an IDC carried a high risk of migration. Therefore, we first coiled multiple loops of a microcatheter and then loaded it with an IDC. In this way, the coil was well fitted to the arterial wall and could be detached by withdrawing the microcatheter during balloon occlusion (pre-framing technique). Complete occlusion of the afferent artery was achieved by additional coiling and absolute ethanol. This technique contributed to a safe embolization of a high-flow AVF, avoiding migration of the IDC.     

Retrograde Transvenous Ethanol Embolization of High-flow Peripheral Arteriovenous Malformations

Purpose

To report the clinical efficiency and complications in patients treated with retrograde transvenous ethanol embolization of high-flow peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Retrograde transvenous ethanol embolization of high-flow AVMs is a technique that can be used to treat AVMs with a dominant outflow vein whenever conventional interventional procedures have proved insufficient.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of the clinical effectiveness and complications of retrograde embolization in five patients who had previously undergone multiple arterial embolization procedures without clinical success.

Results

Clinical outcomes were good in all patients but were achieved at the cost of serious, although transient, complications in three patients.

Conclusion

Retrograde transvenous ethanol embolization is a highly effective therapy for high-flow AVMs. However, because of the high complication rate, it should be reserved as a last resort, to be used after conventional treatment options have failed.     

64排螺旋CT透析自体动静脉瘘狭窄成像的技术初探

目的探讨64排螺旋CT在血液透析自体动静脉瘘狭窄中血管成像(CTA)的方法和体会。方法在让患者充分了解和愿意配合本检查后,使用64排螺旋CT。患者取俯卧位,患肢上举,高于头部,取健侧肘静脉穿刺,团注对比剂,最大不超过55 ml,流率4～5 ml/s。对比剂注射完毕后立即以相同流率注入20～30 ml生理盐水。CT扫描参数为:层厚0.625 mm,螺距为1.108,螺旋时间0.75 s/r,80 kV和120 mAs。采用自动管电流和Blous Track-ing扫描方式,对21例(男12例,女9例,中位年龄61岁)自体动静脉瘘狭窄的患者行CTA检查。在EBW工作站上采用1 mm层厚行矢、冠和轴位的重组,并进行三维的多平面重组(MPR),曲面重组(CPR),最大密度投影(MIP)和容积再现(VR)以最佳参数和角度显示自体动静脉瘘狭窄的状况。结果本组患者有20例(95%)获得了满意的CTA图像,即狭窄部位清晰可见,病变血管的范围、走行清楚。侧支循环血管清晰。本组21例均为血管超声所发现,其中10例被DSA或手术证实与CTA结果相同。结论要获得良好的自体动静脉瘘CT图像,需与患者良好的沟通,参数配置准确,恰当。其中对比剂的用量和扫描速度的快慢、扫描时间的长短,阈值的设定,为关键因素。     

Clinical and Radiological Long-Term Follow-up After Embolization of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations

The purpose was to evaluate the clinical and radiological long-term results of embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) and to assess the quality of life after treatment. A clinical follow-up was undertaken after 67 months (mean) in 35 consecutive patients with 106 PAVMs. Outcome parameters at follow-up were PaO₂ and patients’ satisfaction. During follow-up, the patients had a clinical examination, measurement of arterial blood gases, chest X-ray, and contrast echocardiography performed and were asked to fill in a questionnaire exploring experience of the treatment and subjective effect of treatment on physical and social functioning. A significant rise in oxygenation of the blood after embolization was measured. In 77% of the patients symptoms improved, and 71% felt better performance. In eight patients, one of the PAVMs was found insufficiently embolized or recanalized at follow-up angiography and therefore were re-embolized. Endovascular embolization for PAVMs is effective. Clinical parameters and quality of life improved significantly. Regular clinical controls after therapy are necessary to discover insufficiently embolized, recanalized or new PAVMs.