多发伤中的胸部创伤救治

胸部创伤以致伤原因分为胸部锐性伤和胸部钝性伤.胸部锐性伤与胸部钝性伤相比,具有较低的死亡率.这与其损伤面积小及合并损伤的器官少有关.而胸部钝性伤往往多见于多发伤,是多发伤中的致命伤,其损伤面积大,往往存在着多器官损伤.多发伤50%～70%有胸部创伤[1],在多发伤的救治中,胸部创伤影响其各个环节的治疗,如急救、重症监护以及手术时机的选择等.     

非战时胸部穿透伤的处理(附80例报告)

非战时的胸部外伤中 ,穿透性伤较闭合性伤少见。我院从 1982 - 10～ 1999- 0 8共收治胸外伤 84 5例 ,其中穿透伤 80例 (7 4 % )。现报告如下 :1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 80例病人 ,男 67例 ,女 13例 ;年龄 3岁～ 4 5岁。受伤到入院时间 8ｈ以内 5 2例(65 % ) ,最短者 15ｍｉｎ。受伤原因中 ,短刃器伤 4 3例 (5 3% ) ;高速武器伤 5例 ,其中 1例为小口径枪伤 ,2例为金属飞溅物伤。由于平时穿透伤多为刀伤 ,故其损伤范围常局限于伤口及伤道周围组织。为便于诊治起见 ,我们将其分为上、中、下胸部伤。穿透性胸部伤除伤道外 ,常合并有血气…     

手术治疗胸部贯通伤临床回顾(附50例分析)

目的:探讨胸部贯通伤的临床诊断及救治措施.方法:对本院2003 -01～2011 - 10收治的50例胸部贯通伤患者,根据受伤原因、症状、体征、辅助检查诊断,分别给予胸带固定胸壁,胸腔闭式引流或开胸探查,复合伤给予相应处理.结果:50例病人治愈46例,死亡4例,死亡率为8％.结论:胸部外伤多呈重症、急症、危症.能否迅速正确给予检查、诊断及处理是治疗的关键.     

猪胸部枪弹伤后荧光眼底造影早期观察

目的：利用荧光眼底造影技术探讨猪胸部枪弹伤远达效应致眼部组织结构、视网膜血流伤后改变,了解胸部枪弹伤后眼组织的损伤情况。方法：采用高速弹射击10只猪（20只眼）,建立胸部枪弹伤动物模型,对受试猪致伤前后不同时相点行眼底照相及荧光眼底造影,并作眼组织病理检查。结果：（1）眼底照相结果：伤后未见明显异常;（2）荧光眼底造影结果：伤后1 h耳-视网膜循环时间延长,较伤前有显著变化（P〈0.05）,伤后视网膜循环时间较伤前无显著改变;（3）病理结果：角膜上皮层肿胀、疏松,内皮层大量脱落,虹膜、睫状体、脉络膜、视网膜血管充血,血管内皮细胞部分脱落,视网膜神经纤维层水肿。结论：荧光眼底造影对胸部枪弹伤后,眼组织血流改变、视网膜功能的判断具有重要价值。     

胸部伤合并颅脑伤早期呼吸机使用46例分析

目的探讨胸部伤合并颅脑伤早期使用呼吸机的方法及治疗经验。方法对46例胸部伤合并颅脑伤并发呼吸功能障碍的患者早期使用呼吸机辅助呼吸,采用辅助-控制(A/C)通气模式。对于有气胸或血气胸的患者,使用呼吸机前先行胸腔闭式引流术。结果本组46例,治愈35例。结论胸部损伤合并颅脑损伤的患者伤情复杂,病死率极高,早期正确地采用A/C模式下呼吸机支持治疗,有利于减少患者应激反应,保证血氧浓度,减少乳酸堆积,降低病死率。     

胸部穿透伤外露伤器拔除时机探讨

目的 探讨胸部穿透伤外露伤器的最佳拔除时机。方法 根据1280例胸部穿透伤中42例伤器外露的临床资料，结合观察西班牙斗牛过程的启示，探讨外露伤器最佳拔除时机。结果 4例心脏穿透伤未拔除伤器者到达医院时均死亡；38例胸部穿透伤患者中外露伤器于手术前拔除者35例(92％)治愈。结论 除胸部贯通伤外露伤器固定无移动者外，其他心脏、胸部盲管伤或胸腹联合伤外露伤器均宜尽早拔除。     

胸部外伤合并多脏器损伤51例

 近年来,交通伤、挤压伤、坠落伤、钝器伤等事故越来越常见,本院自2009-01至2011-12收治51例胸部外伤合并多脏器损伤,通过综合救治,效果良好。     

平时胸部穿透伤50例的处理

我院收治胸部穿透伤50例。其中43例为刀或短刃器伤所致。 为便于诊断,将其分为上、中、下胸部伤:上胸部伤(包括颈根部伤)11例,中胸部伤28例;下胸部伤(包括上腹部)8例,其中5例为胸腹联合伤。气胸发生率最高,共32例(其中29例为血气胸),张力性气胸仅3例,开放性气胸6例,单纯性血胸3例,经减压首次排出血量为100～2,500ml不等。入院时发生休     

胸部火器伤的救治

胸部火器伤除冲击渡所致的冲击伤外，多为胸部开放伤。根据致伤物穿透胸壁进入胸腔或纵隔与否，胸部开放伤又分为穿透伤与非穿透伤．穿透伤是战时阵亡的重要原因之一，仅次于头部火器伤而列第二位，因而对胸部火器性穿透伤的救冶应特别重视。     

116例胸部交通伤的损伤特点及救治分析

总结胸部交通伤的损伤特点及救治经验。方法：对近年收治的１１６例部交通伤病例资料进行分析。结果汽车与摩托车碰撞事故中胸部损伤发生率最高;１１６例胸部交通伤中,摩托车驾驶员、骑自行车和行人占８１例,多发伤和严重损伤发生率高于汽车内乘员;胸部交通伤主要为肋骨骨折和肺挫伤出血。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.