Laparoscopy for colectomy accelerates restoration of bowel function when using patient controlled analgesia

PURPOSE: A standardized care plan incorporating patient-controlled analgesia with iv morphine and a non-accelerated feeding schedule following colectomy was used to compare return of bowel function and hospital discharge times following surgery done by laparoscopy or laparotomy METHODS: Thirty-eight patients were assigned to undergo either laparoscopic or laparotomy colon resection. Postoperative analgesia was achieved with patient-controlled analgesia with iv morphine. General anesthesia and perioperative care were standardized, and a traditional surgical and nursing care program was implemented. Gastrointestinal function (time from surgery to return of passage of flatus and presence of bowel movements), pain intensity (visual analogue scale) at rest, on coughing and on mobilization, amount of morphine used, and criteria for discharge and length of hospital stay were recorded. RESULTS: Bowel movements resumed earlier in the laparoscopic group (P < 0.05), but not passage of flatus. No significant relationship was found between the amount of morphine used and return of bowel function. Cumulative morphine consumption during the first two postoperative days was similar in both groups. Where a trend towards lower postoperative visual analogue scale scores was observed in the laparoscopic group, visual analogue scale scores on coughing were lower in the laparoscopic vs laparotomy group only during the first 24 hr (P < 0.05). Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group (P < 0.05), although times to meet discharge criteria were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: When patient-controlled analgesia with morphine and a traditional perioperative program are used, a laparoscopic approach to colon surgery promotes earlier restoration of bowel function and more rapid hospital discharge in comparison to resection by laparotomy.     

纳布啡复合丙泊酚对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉效果

目的观察纳布啡复合丙泊酚对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉效果,并分析其对患者应激、炎症因子的影响。 方法选择2015年10月至2018年10月,广西壮族自治区人民医院行腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的182例患者作为研究对象,按随机数字法将其分为2组。研究组患者91例,行钠布啡复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉;对照组患者91例,行芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉。对比2组患者的麻醉效果、麻醉起效时间、术后清醒时间以及术后1 d疼痛情况,并通过促甲状腺激素（TSH）与皮质醇（Cor）水平观察患者应激反应,对比炎症因子超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的变化情况。 结果2组患者手术麻醉起效时间与术后清醒时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;研究组的术后1 d疼痛评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者术前1 d的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;术后1 d研究组的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者术前1 d的TSH、Cor表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;术后1 d的TSH表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后1d研究组的Cor表达水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论纳布啡复合丙泊酚作为腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术麻醉方式能取得较好的麻醉效果,并且能减轻患者术后疼痛,减少应激反应与炎症反应,可作为腹腔镜腹股沟修补术的优选麻醉方式。     

内镜腹腔镜联合治疗重症急性胰腺炎并发胰腺假性囊肿的疗效分析

目的探讨内镜联合腹腔镜手术治疗重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)伴胰腺假性囊肿(PPC)的效果。方法选取2014年8月至2016年7月收治的SAP伴PPC患者110例,将患者随机分为内镜组57例和开腹组53例,内镜组给予内镜联合腹腔镜手术治疗,开腹组给予开腹手术治疗,统计分析采用SPSS 19.0统计软件,计量资料采用(x±s)表示,两组手术情况、术后指标及炎症因子比较使用t检验;两组治疗有效率及术后并发症发生率比较使用χ~2检验,以P0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。结果内镜组和开腹组治疗有效率分别为92.9%和90.6%,差异比较无统计学意义(P0.05);内镜组手术时间和术中出血量分别为(110.0±41.2)min和(100.5±30.1)ml,明显少于开腹组(P0.05);内镜组肛门排气时间、灌洗引流时间和住院时间分别为(5.0±0.8)d、(10.5±1.7)d和(21.2±4.5)d,均明显短于开腹组(P0.05);内镜组治疗后IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α分别为(32.3±13.8)g/L、(110.0±24.1)g/L和(55.1±16.2)g/L,明显低于开腹组(P0.05);内镜组和开腹组术后并发症发生率分别为5.3%和7.6%,差异比较无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论内镜联合腹腔镜手术治疗SAP伴PPC,具有较好的治疗效果,能明显降低患者IL-6、IL-8等炎症因子水平。     

Systemic Inflammatory Response after Laparoscopic and Open Application of Adjustable Banding for Morbidly Obese Patients

Background: Surgical injury induces a systemic inflammatory metabolic-endocrine response that is proportional to the severity of the surgical stress. Compared with the conventional open method, laparoscopic surgery is mini-invasive and has decreased postoperative pain and length of hospitalization. The aim of this study was to investigate the systemic inflammatory response, after laparoscopic and open stoma-adjustable silicone band application, which is thought to be mediated by cytokines. Method: 30 morbidly obese patients underwent Swedish adjustable gastric banding (SAGB). 15 patients underwent laparoscopic (group 1) and 15 open SAGB (group 2). Mean operative time for the laparoscopic group was 70-110 min and for the laparotomy group 80-120 min. Gallbladders were not removed,and there were no systemic diseases in the patients.The intensity of surgical trauma was evaluated by measurement of metabolic and hormonal responses to the surgery. Plasma levels of C-reactive (CRP), haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, albumin, transferrin, IL-6, malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and creatinine were measured before and after the operation. Results: CRP and IL-6 levels increased during and after laparoscopic and open SAGB. However, postoperative responses were significantly greater after open SAGB (group 2) (p<0.05). MDA level, an indicator of an oxidative trauma, was elevated in group 1 at the 6th postoperative hour but was significantly higher in group 2 at the 6th and 12th postoperative hours. The results were more significant in group 2 (p<0.05).There was no statistical difference between groups 1 and 2 in terms of albumin, creatinine, and transferrin levels before and after surgery. Conclusion: The systemic inflammatory res ponses after laparoscopic SAGB were significantly reduced compared with those after open SAGB.     

Operative blood loss and use of blood products after laparoscopic and conventional open colorectal operations

HYPOTHESIS: Blood loss, measured by estimated blood loss, drop in hemoglobin levels, and transfusion requirements, is lower in patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy compared with patients undergoing conventional open colectomy. DESIGN: Case-matched study. SETTING: A university hospital. PATIENTS: Patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy between January 2000 and December 2001 were matched in a prospective database for age, sex, comorbidity, and surgical procedure with patients undergoing open colectomy during the same period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Estimated blood loss, drop in hemoglobin levels, and transfusion requirements after surgery were compared. RESULTS: One hundred forty-seven patients undergoing the same operation using either an open or laparoscopic approach could be matched for age, sex, and diagnosis related grouping. There was no significant difference in American Society of Anesthesiologists class, body mass index, or preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin levels, but the open colectomy group required significantly more units of blood (P =.003) to maintain similar hemoglobin levels after surgery. Estimated blood loss (P<.001) and the number of patients who received transfusions on the day of surgery (P =.002), during the first 48 hours after surgery (P =.005), and during the entire hospital stay (P =.003) were significantly higher in the open colectomy group. CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach for colorectal surgery led to significantly less blood loss than matched open colectomy cases.     

成人腹股沟疝开放及腹腔镜术后炎性反应及并发症比较

目的探讨开放式以及腹腔镜手术方式对成人腹股沟疝患者炎性反应及相关并发症的影响差异。 方法选择2020年1月至2021年12月,在安徽省皖南康复医院·芜湖市第五人民医院完成腹股沟疝手术的60例患者的数据资料,进行回顾性分析。依手术方法分为对照组和观察组,各30例。对照组采用开放无张力疝修补术,观察组采用腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）。对比2组患者的手术耗时、失血量、切口长度、肛门排气时间、总住院时间、总医疗费用、切口疼痛持续时间、术后12 h疼痛程度、术后并发症指标。对比2组患者术前以及术后48 h的血清炎性反应指标[C反应蛋白（CRP）,白介素-6、降钙素原]。 结果观察组的失血量、切口长度、肛门排气时间、总住院时间低于对照组,观察组的总医疗费用高于对照组（P<0.05）。2组手术耗时差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。观察组切口疼痛时间、术后VAS评分均低于对照组（P<0.05）。2组患者术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后48 h,2组患者的血清CRP、白介素-6、降钙素原均增高（P<0.05）,观察组患者的CRP、白介素-6、降钙素原水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。 结论腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝修补术组织创伤程度低,术后恢复速度快,疼痛感低,安全性良好,有利于控制术后的炎性反应水平。     

腹腔镜胃穿孔修补术治疗胃穿孔对炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜胃穿孔修补术治疗胃溃疡并发胃穿孔的临床效果及对血清白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α、超敏C反应蛋白水平的影响。方法:选取胃溃疡并发胃穿孔的120例患者进行回顾性研究,其中63例行腹腔镜手术(腹腔镜组),57例行传统开腹手术(开腹组),分析两组患者手术相关指标、血清胃泌素及炎症因子水平、手术并发症情况。结果:腹腔镜组术中出血量、手术切口长度、术后肛门首次排气时间、住院时间均低于开腹组(P0.05);术后24 h、72 h,腹腔镜组血清胃泌素水平、炎症因子水平均优于开腹组(P0.05);两组手术并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胃穿孔修补术治疗胃溃疡并发胃穿孔的临床效果肯定,术后患者胃肠道功能恢复更快,炎症反应更轻。     

腹腔镜直肠癌手术中全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉对患者的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜直肠癌手术中全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉对患者血流动力学、呼吸功能及苏醒时间的影响。方法:选取2014年5月至2016年5月收治的80例腹腔镜直肠癌手术患者,依据随机数字表法分为全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉组(联合麻醉组,n=40)与单独全身麻醉组(单独麻醉组,n=40),对比分析两组患者的血流动力学、呼吸功能及苏醒时间。结果:术中2h、术后联合麻醉组患者的心率、动脉压、气道压、呼吸末二氧化碳分压均显著低于单独麻醉组(P0.05),苏醒时间、意识恢复时间、回答问题切题时间、术后拔管时间均显著短于单独麻醉组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌手术中全身麻醉复合硬膜外麻醉患者的血流动力学、呼吸功能均较稳定,苏醒时间较短。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜、多孔腹腔镜及开腹结肠切除术间的比较

目的：比较经脐单孔腹腔镜与传统多孔腹腔镜及开腹结肠切除术手术效果。 方法：回顾性分析2011年1月—2012年12月34例经脐单孔结肠切除术患者（单孔组）与同期22例传统多孔腹腔镜结肠切除术（多孔组）和70例开腹结肠切除术患者（开腹组）资料。比较各组围手术期指标、手术效果和生活质量。 结果：3组患者一般临床资料差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。多孔组的手术时间明显长于单孔组与开腹组（均P<0.05）,但后两组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在失血量、切口长度、术后疼痛指数、排气时间、进流食时间、术后首次下床时间、术后住院时间等方面,单孔组和多孔组均优于开腹组（均P<0.05）,但单孔组与多孔组间差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;3组间围手术期花费、术后并发症发生率及复发率差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）;单孔组与多孔组术后对伤口的美容指数和身体自我感知指数均较开腹组高（均P>0.05）,且单孔组美容满指数高于多孔组（P<0.05）。 结论：腹腔镜结肠手术与开腹手术治疗效果相似,但具有微创、恢复快、对生活质量影响小等优势。就美容效果而言,单孔腹腔镜手术最佳。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术对应激细胞因子 ET、IL-6及CRP的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌手术对机体应激反应的影响。方法:选择2006年6月~2007年3月结直肠癌患者35例,分为腹腔镜组15例,开腹组20例。比较两组围手术期内皮素(ET)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、C-反应蛋白质(CRP)及相关临床指标的变化。结果:两组患者的性别、年龄、身高、体重、术后病理分期及手术方式差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),平均手术时间腹腔镜组长于开腹组(P<0.05);术中平均出血量开腹组多于腹腔镜组(P<0.05)。腹腔镜组术后第1天ET显著下降(P<0.05),术后第3天恢复至术前水平;开腹组手术前后ET无显著变化。两组术后未出现显著差异。两组患者术后IL-6和CRP均明显升高(P<0.01),且开腹组明显高于腹腔镜组(P<0.01),术后第5天腹腔镜组IL-6恢复至术前水平,但开腹组仍明显高于腹腔镜组(P<0.05)。术后第5天两组CRP仍显著高于术前水平(P<0.05;P<0.01),且开腹组高于腹腔镜组(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌手术对ET、IL-6和CRP的影响小,应激反应比开腹手术轻、强度低、持续时间短。     

Laparoscopic surgery may be associated with severe pain and high analgesia requirements in the immediate postoperative period

OBJECTIVE: To assess the immediate (0-4 hours) postoperative pain level in patients after laparoscopy and laparotomy whose analgesic requirement in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) exceeds standard morphine therapy. BACKGROUND DATA: Clinical observation has raised the suspicion that laparoscopic surgery may be associated with more intense immediate postoperative pain than expected. METHODS: This prospective study assessed the 24-hour pain intensity and analgesia requirements in patients who underwent similar abdominal surgery via laparoscopy or laparotomy under standardized general anesthesia and whose pain in the PACU was resistant to 120 microg/kg intravenous morphine. RESULTS: Of 145 sampled PACU patients, 67 were in pain (> or =6 of 10 VAS) within a 30-minute postoperative period. They were then given up to 4 intravenous boluses of 15 microg/kg morphine + 250 microg/kg ketamine. The pain VAS of 36 laparotomy patients was 4.14 +/- 2.14 (SD) and 1.39 +/- 0.55 at 10 and 120 minutes, respectively, after 1.33 +/- 0.59 doses of morphine + ketamine; the pain VAS of 31 laparoscopy patient was 6.06 +/- 1.75 and 2.81 +/- 1.14, respectively (P < 0.0005) following 2.0 +/- 0.53 doses (P = 0.0005). Diclofenac 75 mg intramuscular usage was similar (P = 0.43) between the groups up to 9 hours after surgery but was higher in the laparotomy group by 24 hours (P = 0.01). Pain scores at 24 hours after surgery were lower for the laparoscopy patients (3.01 +/- 0.87) compared with their laparotomy counterparts (4.45 +/- 0.98, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients after abdominal surgery with severe immediate (0-4 hours) postoperative pain, laparoscopic patients are a significant (46%) proportion, and their pain is more intense, requiring more analgesics than painful patients (54%) do after laparotomy. By 24 hours, the former are in less pain than the latter.     

Efficacy and safety of fast-track recovery strategy for patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Factors that adversely affect early recovery after major laparoscopic procedures include ileus, pain, nausea, emesis, and fatigue. The objective of this randomized controlled study was to evaluate the impact of a multimodal fast-track (FT) rehabilitation program on recovery and length of hospital stay after laparoscopic nephrectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy received either conventional care (control) or an FT recovery program. All patients received a standardized anesthetic technique and patient- controlled analgesia (morphine) for postoperative pain control. In the FT group, patients received premedication with rofecoxib and ranitidine, local anesthesia was administered at the ports and renal fosa during surgery, and postoperative non-opioid analgesic and gastrokinetic drugs were administered as part of an early enteral nutrition and mobilization program. During the postoperative period, pain and nausea were assessed at specific time intervals. In addition, recovery room and hospital discharge times, the need for rescue analgesics and antiemetics, patient satisfaction with pain management and quality of recovery, and side effects were recorded daily for 3 days after surgery. Patients were discharged home when they met previously defined discharge criteria. RESULTS: The FT group was discharged earlier from the recovery room (74+/-23 v 103+/-47 minutes) and the hospital (41+/-11 v 59+/-11 hours). Pain and nausea scores were consistently lower in the FT group during the first 48 hours after surgery. In addition, the requirement for antiemetic rescue therapy during the first 24 hours was reduced in the FT group (15% v 58%). The FT group also received less morphine during the first 2 postoperative days (14+/-16 v 40+/-24 mg). Finally, patient satisfaction with postoperative pain control was significantly higher in the FT group. CONCLUSIONS: A multimodal approach to minimizing postoperative side effects led to a reduced recovery room and hospital stay, as well as better pain control and patient satisfaction after laparoscopic nephrectomy.     

右美托咪定自控镇痛对结肠癌患者术后肠功能恢复及炎症反应的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定(dexmedetomidine,Dex)自控镇痛对结肠癌患者术后肠功能恢复及炎症反应的影响.方法 选择90例结肠癌根治术患者,参照随机数字表法分为Dex自控镇痛组(A组)、舒芬太尼自控镇痛组(B组)、止痛针组(C组),每组30例.A组术后采用Dex+舒芬太尼+格拉司琼电子镇痛泵进行患者自控镇痛(patient-controlled analgesia,PCA);B组术后采用舒芬太尼+格拉司琼电子镇痛泵进行PCA;C组不使用PCA,在患者疼痛时由医师给予肌内注射强痛定.3组术后镇痛时间均为3d,于患者术后12 h(T1)、24 h(T2)、48 h(T3)及72 h(T4)使用VAS进行镇痛评分,使用Ramsay进行镇静评分,同时抽取静脉血检测TNF-α与IL-6含量,记录患者肛门排气时间.结果 与C组比较,A组与B组T1～T4 VAS评分较低、镇静评分较高(P＜0.05).A组与B组在全部时间点VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与B组比较,A组在全部时间点Ramsay评分较高(P＜0.05).与B组、C组比较,A组静脉血浆TNF-α、IL-6浓度较低(P＜0.05).B组、C组静脉血浆TNF-α、IL-6浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与B组比较,A组、C组肛门排气时间较短(P＜0.05).A组、C组肛门排气时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 使用Dex联合舒芬太尼术后自控镇痛有较好的镇痛、镇静效果,同时减轻了机体炎症反应,不延长患者术后肠功能恢复,是结肠癌术后较好的PCA方式.     

罗哌卡因局部浸润麻醉联合全身麻醉对行腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术患者的影响

目的探讨罗哌卡因局部浸润麻醉联合全身麻醉对行腹腔镜完全腹膜外疝修补术（TEP）患者的应激反应及临床指标影响。 方法本研究选取于2017年12月至2019年1月天长市中医院麻收治并接受TEP术的患者共98例,按照数字随机表达法对所有患者的入院序号进行随机分配分组,每组49例。对照组实施全身麻醉,观察组实施罗哌卡因局部浸润麻醉联合全身麻醉。麻醉前（T1）、手术开始即刻（T2）、术毕30 min（T3）、术毕1 h（T4）及术毕6 h（T5）共5个时间对比2组的应激反应及术后疼痛情况。 结果T1及T2阶段NE、E、MAP及HR指标,2组比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;T3至T5阶段,观察组的NE、E、MAP及HR均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术前2组细胞因子IL-6,CRP及WBC指标比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组在术后的细胞因子IL-6,CRP及WBC指标均较对照组低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组在术后6~72 h的NRS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论TEP术中选择罗哌卡因局部浸润麻醉联合全身麻醉可有效抑制患者围术期间的应激反应,降低炎性细胞因子指标,缓解术后疼痛情况,值得临床推广。     

Preinsertion local anesthesia at the trocar site improves perioperative pain and decreases costs of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

BACKGROUND: Local anesthesia at the trocar site in laparoscopic cholecystectomy is expected to decrease postoperative pain and hence expedite recovery. The aims of this prospective randomized study were to investigate the effect of local anesthesia and to discover whether it is cost effective. METHODS: For this study, 100 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into two groups. The 43 study patients were injected with 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride at the trocar site before the trocars were inserted. They then were compared with 41 control patients who received no local anesthesia. The remaining 16 patients were excluded from the study. The postoperative pain was evaluated at the standard four trocar sites at 4 h and 24 h after surgery on a scale 1 (the mildest pain the patient had ever experienced) to 10 (the most severe pain the patient had ever experienced). Postoperative pain medications and their cost were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two groups with regard to gender, age, weight, operative time, estimated operative blood loss, and bile culture. The patients who received bupivacaine at the trocar site clinically had less pain (p < 0.001 for all four sites) both at 4 and 24 h after surgery. The treatment group patients used less mepiridine and promethzine than the control group (p = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively) postoperatively. Overall, the patients who had local anesthesia used less postoperative pain and antiemetic medication than the control patients (p = 0.02). This afforded a significant decrease in the costs and charges of these medications (p = 0.004 and 0.005, respectively). Three patients in the study group were discharged from the hospital the day of surgery. Conclusion: Preinsertion of local anesthesia at the trocar site in laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly reduces postoperative pain and decreases medication usage costs.     

Temperature control and recovery of bowel function after laparoscopic or laparotomic colorectal surgery in patients receiving combined epidural/general anesthesia and postoperative epidural analgesia

We compared the effects of a laparoscopic (n = 23) versus laparotomic (n = 21) technique for major abdominal surgery on temperature control in 44 patients undergoing colorectal surgery during a combined epidural/general anesthesia. A thoracic epidural block up to T4 was induced with 6-10 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine; general anesthesia was induced with thiopental, fentanyl, and atracurium IV and maintained with isoflurane. Core temperature was measured with a bladder probe and recorded every 15 min after the induction. In both groups, core temperature decreased to 35.2 degrees C (range, 34 degrees C-36 degrees C) at the end of surgery. After surgery, normothermia returned after 75 min (60-120 min) in the Laparoscopy group and 60 min (45-180 min) in the Laparotomy group (P = 0.56). No differences in postanesthesia care unit discharge time were reported between the two groups. The degree of pain during coughing was smaller after laparoscopy than laparotomy from the 24th to the 72nd observation times (P < 0.01). Morphine consumption was 22 mg (2-65 mg) in the Laparotomy group and 5 mg (0-45 mg) in the Laparoscopy group (P = 0.02). The time to first flatus was shorter after laparoscopy (24 h [16-72 h]) than laparotomy (72 h [26-96 h]) (P = 0.0005), and the first intake of clear liquid occurred after 48 h (24-72 h) in the Laparoscopy group and after 96 h (90-96 h) in the Laparotomy group (P = 0.0005). Although laparoscopic surgery provides positive effects on the degree of postoperative pain and recovery of bowel function, the reduction in heat loss produced by minimizing bowel exposure with laparoscopic surgery does not compensate for the anesthesia-related effects on temperature control, and active patient warming must also be used with laparoscopic techniques. IMPLICATIONS: This prospective, randomized, controlled study demonstrates that laparoscopic colorectal surgery results in less postoperative pain and earlier recovery of bowel function than conventional laparotomy but does not reduce the risk for perioperative hypothermia. Accordingly, active warming must be provided to patients also during laparoscopic procedures.     

Acute Rehabilitation Program after Laparoscopic Colectomy using Intravenous Lidocaine

Background: The concept of postoperative acute rehabilitation was introduced to accelerate postoperative recovery and improve outcome. We investigated whether intravenous lidocaine infusion, which decreases postoperative pain and speeds the return of bowel function, can be used instead of epidural analgesia in an acute rehabilitation protocol for patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy.

Methods: Twenty eight consecutive patients scheduled for laparoscopic colectomy were prospectively included in this case series study. Segmental colectomy was performed only for benign pathology. Intraoperative opioid use was restricted. After a bolus injection of lidocaine 1.5 mgkg^-1, an infusion (2 mgkg-1h-1, IV) was started before pneu-moperitoneum. Balanced analgesia was used to reduce postoperative opioid consumption. Patients were allowed to drink 6 h postoperatively. The day after surgery, patients were allowed to eat a normal breakfast. Enforced mobilisation and ambulation were required from the patients. Our goal was to discharge patients within 3 days after surgery. Postoperative pain was measured. Time to first flatus, defecation, and hospital discharge were recorded. Results: Mean postoperative pain at rest and mobilisation remained below 30 mm on a 100 mm visual analogue scale. Time to first flatus, defecation, and hospital discharge were 29 ± 13 h, 38 ± 13 h, and 3.0 ± 1.0 days, respectively. Conclusion: Acute rehabilitation after laparoscopic colectomy using IV lidocaine gives similar outcomes to those reported using epidural analgesia.     

Laparoscopic major gynecologic surgery in patients with prior laparotomy bowel resection

Background and Objectives:

To review the success and morbidity of laparoscopic major gynecologic surgery in patients with prior laparotomy bowel resection.

Methods:

Review of a prospective surgical database of all cases of laparoscopic major gynecologic surgery in patients with prior laparotomy bowel resection. No cases were excluded. Bowel diagnoses and procedures were total colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease (4), partial colectomy for colon cancer (6), partial small bowel resection for obstruction (1), and Whipple for pancreatic cancer (2). Two patients had 3 prior laparotomies, 8 patients had 2 prior laparotomies, and 3 patients had 1 prior laparotomy. All prior abdominal incisions were midline. Gynecologic diagnoses and procedures were laparoscopic cytoreduction for ovarian cancer (1), lsh/bso/staging for ovarian cancer (1), lavh/bso/lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer (4), and lavh/bso, lsh/bso, or bso for large ovarian mass (7). Median patient age was 57 years, median BMI was 31kg/m², and all patients had medical comorbidities.

Results:

All 13 laparoscopic gynecologic surgeries were successful without trocar insertion injury, conversion to laparotomy, and without enterotomy. Abdominal adhesions were present in all cases. Median operative time was 2 hours, median blood loss was 100cc, and median hospital stay was 1 day. There were no postoperative complications.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic major gynecologic surgery in patients with prior laparotomy bowel resection is feasible for experienced laparoscopic surgeons.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术在胆总管结石二次胆道手术中临床疗效对比

目的比较腹腔镜取石术、开腹取石术在胆总管结石患者二次胆道手术中的临床疗效。 方法选取在2014年2月至2017年5月期间收治的50例胆总管结石复发患者,根据随机数字表法随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组各组25例。采用SPSS21.0统计学软件进行数据分析,术前术后计量资料以均数±标准差表示,采用独立t检验;术后24 h疼痛发生率和术后并发症用χ²检验,P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。 结果术后,腹腔镜组手术出血量(P＝0.004)、胃肠道功能恢复时间(P＝0.021)、24 h疼痛发生率(P＝0.021)、住院时间(P＝0.007)均较开腹组显著降低;但腹腔镜组手术时间(P＝0.028)、患者总费用(P＝0.046)均显著高于开腹组;开腹组并发症发率明显高于腹腔镜组(36%比12%, P＝0.037)。两组患者临床有效率均为100%。 结论腹腔镜二次胆道手术与开腹取石术疗效相当,术后并发症发生率少,安全有效,值得临床推广。