夏至草醇提物对急性微循环障碍大鼠器官损伤的干预作用

目的:观察夏至草醇提物对高分子右旋糖苷(Dextran500)致急性微循环障碍大鼠器官损伤的影响。方法:Wistar雄性大鼠20只,随机分为夏至草组(n=8)、模型组(n=6)和对照组(n=6)。前二组静注10%Dextran500(10ml/kg体重)复制急性微循环障碍模型(对照组以等量生理盐水代替)。6min后,夏至草组自颈静脉缓慢推注夏至草醇提物(5g/ml,6g/kg体重),其它两组以等量生理盐水代替,监测平均动脉血压(MAP)。40min后,制备血清,进行血液生化指标检测;制备病理切片,观察肺、肝、肾、心肌形态学变化。结果:与对照组相比,模型组血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cre)、乳酸脱氢酶-1(LDH-1)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)水平显著升高,MAP下降;与模型组相比,夏至草组血清AST、ALT、BUN、Cre、LDH-1、CK-MB水平显著降低,MAP升高。组织形态学显示,对照组肝、肾、肺、心肌结构正常,模型组各器官病变较重,多见红细胞瘀滞、血栓形成及坏死,夏至草组病变较轻,未见坏死。结论:夏至草醇提物能明显减轻Dextran500致急性微循环障碍大鼠各器官功能障碍与组织学损伤。     

肠系膜淋巴管结扎对MODS大鼠的器官保护作用

目的：观察结扎肠系膜淋巴管对二次打击致大鼠MODS的肝、肾、心的功能及形态的保护作用。 方法： 雄性Wistar大鼠均分为结扎组、未结扎组、假手术组3组。前两组以失血-LPS二次打击方法，复制大鼠MODS模型。手术创伤后24 h，全部存活大鼠颈总动脉放血备检；选择固定位置，留取肾、肝、肺、心，观察病理形态。所有动物实验前后的血清均检测TBA、AST、ALT、TP、Alb、BUN、Cr、UA、LDH、LDH-1、HBDH、CK、CK-MB这些反映肝、肾、心功能的生化指标。 结果： 二次打击后，未结扎组与结扎组大鼠血清AST、ALT、TBA、BUN、Cr、LDH-1均显著高于实验前及假手术组（P<0.01），且结扎组大鼠血清ALT、TBA、BUN、Cr、UA均显著低于未结扎组（P<0.01)，结扎组的UN与实验前及假手术组无统计学意义，未结扎组UN则显著增高(P<0.01）；病理形态学观察表明，假手术组的肾、肺、肝、心组织结构基本正常，未结扎组可见淤血、变性、坏死等改变，而结扎组病变轻微，少见坏死。 结论： 肠系膜淋巴管结扎可降低失血、LPS二次打击致MODS大鼠器官功能障碍程度和形态学损伤，MODS发病学中的淋巴机制值得重视。     

中药接骨片对骨折愈合的影响

目的 :观察中药接骨片对骨折愈合的影响。方法 :建立兔肢体骨折动物模型。实验分对照组和治疗组 ,观察各组动物骨折术后 1h、7天、14天血液流变学指标和术后 14天骨折局部血流量的变化。结果 :治疗组与对照组比较 ,血液流变学指标和骨折局部血流量差异显著。接骨片可降低全血粘度、血浆粘度和红细胞聚集指数 ,增加骨折局部血流量。结论 :接骨片有促进骨折愈合的作用。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血液流变学指标及ET、SOD水平变化的临床观察

目的:观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者血液流变学指标及血浆内皮素(ET)和血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平的变化。方法:采用自动血流变测试仪测定COPD患者血液流变学指标,用RIA法测定血浆ET和血清SOD水平,并与健康对照组比较。结果:COPD患者血液流变学指标有明显变化,低切变率和高切变率全血粘度以及血浆粘度均增高,与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05),血浆ET浓度明显高于对照组(P<0.01),而血清SOD含量明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:COPD患者血液流变学指标异常、微循环障碍以及ET和SOD血液水平的变化是其病理改变的重要环节。     

外源正常淋巴液对急性微循环障碍大鼠多器官及凝血功能的影响

目的观察外源性正常淋巴液对高分子右旋糖苷（Dextran 500）致急性微循环障碍（AMD）大鼠肝、肾、心肌及凝血功能的影响。方法Wistar雄性大鼠30只,随机分为淋巴液组、模型组和对照组,静注10％Dextran500（10ml／kg．bw）复制AMD模型（对照组以等量生理盐水代替）。6min后,淋巴液组自颈静脉缓慢注射小量正常无细胞淋巴液（全血量的1／15）,其它两组以等量生理盐水代替。40min后,留取动脉血检测反映肝、肾、心功能的生化指标以及凝血功能指标,同时观察肠道渗血情况。结果模型组血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cre）、乳酸脱氢酶-1（LDH-1）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）均显著高于对照组;淋巴液组所有指标均低于模型组,仅Cre高于对照组;淋巴液组和模型组PT、PTR、APTT、TT等凝血指标均显著长于对照组,Fib含量低于对照组,且淋巴液组PT、PTR、APTT长于模型组;模型组大鼠肠道渗血明显,淋巴组与对照组无明显渗血。结论外源正常淋巴液能改善Dextran500致AMD大鼠的多器官功能障碍和凝血功能紊乱。     

杏丁注射液对糖尿病肾病患者血清活性氧水平及血液流变学指标的影响

目的:观察杏丁注射液对糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血清活性氧水平及血液流变学指标的影响。方法:将DN患者按自愿原则分为杏丁注射液治疗组和对照组。观察两组治疗前后血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷光甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)及血液流变学指标的变化。结果:治疗前两组SOD、GSH-Px、MDA和血液流变学指标无明显差异。杏丁注射液治疗后SOD、GSH-Px较对照组明显升高,MDA明显降低(P<0.01);尿蛋白定量较对照组明显下降(P<0.01);低切全血粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数和血小板聚集率较对照组和同组治疗前显著下降(P<0.01),而高切全血粘度和血浆粘度下降不明显;红细胞变形性显著增高(P<0.01)。结论:糖尿病肾病患者细胞抗氧化能力明显降低;杏丁注射液通过升高SOD、GSH-Px活性减缓肾组织细胞过氧化,从而达到迟发性肾小球硬化症的效果,改善血液流变性,对肾脏起保护作用。     

不同性别糖尿病患者血液流变学指标分析

目的 :观察糖尿病患者不同性别之间的血液流变学指标变化的差异。方法 :测定糖尿病患者和健康对照人群的血液流变学指标 ,运用统计学方法对相关指标进行两组间统计学分析。结果 :男性糖尿病患者全血粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞刚性指数极显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;红细胞聚集指数显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。而女性糖尿病患者的血液粘度只有在切变率 3 0s- 1 时高于正常对照 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其余指标均没有显著性差异。结论 :血液流变学指标与男性糖尿病患者有关 ,而与女性糖尿病患者关系不明显     

持续被动活动促进下肢骨折愈合的微循环研究

目的 :观察持续被动活动 (CPM)对下肢骨折愈合的影响。方法 :股骨干骨折内固定术后患者 2 4例 ,随机分对照组和CPM组 ,观察术后 1周、 2周、 4周机体血液流变性和患肢足甲襞微循环的变化。结果 :CPM组与对照组比较 ,血液流变学和足甲襞微循环指标差异显著。CPM可降低血液粘度 ,改善患肢足甲襞微循环。结论 :CPM有促进骨折愈合的作用     

水飞蓟宾对非酒精性脂肪性肝病线粒体膜流动性的影响

目的:探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)大鼠模型中肝脏线粒体膜流动性的改变以及观察水飞蓟宾对NAFLD的防治作用。方法:采用高脂饮食建立非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠模型,观察大鼠甘油三酸酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肝组织HE染色、脂肪细胞染色的变化,以及肝脏线粒体膜的流动性的改变,并以水飞蓟宾抗氧化治疗,与已知有疗效的罗格列酮对比,观察其对上述指标的影响。结果:模型组血清ALT、AST、TG、TC显著升高,与空白对照组比较差异显著(P0.01)。HE染色提示肝组织呈弥散性脂质蓄积,模型组大鼠肝细胞线粒体微粘度明显高于空白对照组(P0.01)。罗格列酮治疗组TG、AST均得到明显改善(P0.05或P0.01);TC、ALT与模型组比较差异无显著(P0.05)。水飞蓟宾治疗后,TC、TG、ALT以及AST均得到明显改善(均P0.01)。两治疗组大鼠肝MDA含量、肝细胞线粒体微粘度均较模型对照组下降(P0.01),且水飞蓟宾的效果比罗格列酮显著,差异显著(P0.05)。结论:高脂饮食可诱导大鼠NAFLD发生,水飞蓟宾可以有效地防治NAFLD。稳定并维持适当的肝脏线粒体膜流动性、减轻肝脏脂质过氧化可能是水飞蓟宾肝脏保护功能的作用途径。     

急性肝衰竭时肠源性内毒素血症对肝脏能量代谢的影响

目的:研究急性肝衰竭时肠源性内毒素血症对肝脏能量代谢的影响。方法:以硫代乙酰胺(TAA)染毒建立急性肝损伤大鼠模型;应用酶荧光法测定动脉血酮体(乙酰乙酸、β-羟基丁酸)浓度及肝细胞线粒体ATP含量;采用结肠切除术并观察血浆内毒素水平与血清丙氨酸氨基移换酶(ALT)活性的变化。结果:TAA组大鼠血浆内毒素水平与血清ALT活性均显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01),动脉血酮体比(AKBR)降至0.4以下,动脉血中总酮体浓度显著低于正常对照组(P＜0.01)。切除结肠的TAA染毒组大鼠未发生内毒素血症,肝细胞线粒体ATP含量显著高于TAA组(P＜0.01),血清ALT活性虽高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),但显著低于TAA组(P＜0.01)。结论:肠源性内毒素血症可损伤肝脏能量代谢,使肝脏代谢和功能发生严重障碍,在急性肝衰竭的发生过程中具有关键性作用。     

The Influences of Thermal Stress on Serum Biochemical Parameters of Dromedary Camels and Their Correlation with Thyroid Activity

In order to study the influences of thermal stress on serum biochemical parameters of dromedary camels and their correlation with thyroid activity, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of 40 clinically healthy Iranian dromedary camels from December to February (3 times: mean temperature 11°C) and from June to August (3 times: mean temperature 41°C). There were significant differences in the concentrations of serum total protein, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), sodium, potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) in heat stress and cold stress conditions (p<0.05). The concentrations of BUN, sodium, potassium, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and the activities of CK and LD in winter months were higher than summer months, and in contrast, the concentrations of total protein, glucose, T3 and T4 and the activities of AST, ALT and ALP were higher in summer than in winter (p<0.05). Thyroidal hormones (T3 and T4) showed significant correlations with serum total protein, glucose, BUN, AST, ALT, ALP, LD and CK. Our results revealed that very hot and cold conditions had a profound effect on serum biochemical parameters.     

106例胎儿血生化指标分析研究

目的了解胎儿血液生化指标特点及在各孕周变化规律,为胎儿宫内代谢异常的诊断与治疗提供参考依据.方法应用日立7170全自动生化分析仪对106例孕19～38w胎儿脐血进行血液尿素氮(BUN)、二氧化碳结合力(CO2)、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶-1(CK-MB)等18项生化指标检测,胎儿脐血取自B超引导下母腹脐静脉穿刺产前诊断其结果正常胎儿,并经胎血鉴定,各指标按孕周分组计算均值,经统计学分析.结果发现胎儿各孕周组血液生化指标中BUN、CO2、Cr、UA、ALP、AST、ALT、TB、HBDH、LDH、CK、CK-MB等代表心、肾功能指标均无显著差异(P＞0.05),代表肝功能的DB、IB、TP、ALB、GLB、r-GT均值在胎儿各孕期随孕周增加升高,有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论胎儿生化指标有独特的参考范围心、肾功能指标在整个孕期变化不大,肝功能各项指标随孕周曾加.     

Plasma biochemistry in pregnant Spanish purebred broodmares

The aim of this study was to determine if physiological changes occur in plasma total proteins (TPP) and albumin (ALB) concentrations and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) in Spanish Purebred mares during pregnancy. Blood samples were collected by jugular puncture and anticoagulated in tubes with lithium heparin. In plasma obtained after centrifugation the concentrations of TPP and ALB and activities of AST, ALT, LDH, CK, ALP and GGT were determined by spectrophotometry. Pregnancy caused an increase in TPP and decrease in AST, CK and GGT (p?<?0.05) without modifications in ALB, ALT, LDH and ALP concentrations. Pregnancy has a significant influence on TPP, CK, GGT and AST dynamics in the mare, resulting in the development of reference ranges for this physiological condition. The decrease in values for plasma CK, AST, LDH and GGT enzymes activities during pregnancy should be considered a physiological condition related to pregnancy in the mare. It is important to know the direction and magnitude of these biochemical changes in pregnant mares, contributing to a better understanding of biochemical processes that occur in pregnant mares and providing practical help for the diagnosis of diseases that may present with similar biochemical findings.     

The protective effects of vitamin A in experimental myoglobinuric renal failure

The protective effects of vitamin A administration on renal failure in a rat model of rhabdomyolysis were investigated in this study. Three groups of rats (seven rats in each group) were employed in this study. Group 1 served as control, Gly group was given 50 % glycerol (7 mL/kg, I.M.), and Gly-Vit A group received glycerol and vitamin A daily (1,000 IU/kg, I.P.). Ninety-six hours after glycerol injection, blood samples were collected by heart puncture. Serum concentrations of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were measured in serum samples. Histopathologic pattern of renal tissue damages was also evaluated. Gly-Vit A groups had lower serum concentrations of creatinine, LDH, and CK than the Gly group, and the administration of vitamin A decreased rhabdomyolysis induced renal tubular damages in Gly-Vit A group rather than in Gly group (P?相似文献   

Evaluation and utilization of a kinetic enzyme direct measuring photometer.

We have recently utilized a prototype model of the Beckman Enzyme Activity Analyzer System-TR in our laboratory measuring various serum enzyme activities which include: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), E.C.3.1.3.1; creatine kinase (CK), E.C.2.7.3.2; hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD), E.C.1.1.1.30; lactate dehydrogenase (LD), E.C.1.1.1.27; aspartate transaminase (AST), E.C.2.6.1.1; and alanine transaminase (ALT), E.C.2.6.1.2. Precision was found to be good. Sample activities could be measured as high as 1000 IU/1. The carryover studies fell within 2 SD of the means of the enzyme control studies. Coefficients of variation for ALP and CK were in the ranges of 0-40-2-14% and 0-52-4-30%, respectively. Correlation studies were done with GemSAEC and Gilford 300 N Spectrophotometer and the results were accurate, precise, and reproducible.     

小儿肺炎患者治疗前后心肌酶学指标的检测分析

目的:观察小儿肺炎患者心肌酶水平变化并分析其临床意义。方法:选择2009年8月～2011年8月住院治疗的小儿肺炎患者112例,其中重症组32例,轻症组80例,对照组为体检正常小儿68例。采用全自动生化分析仪检测各肺炎组治疗前后及对照组天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌酸激酶(CK)及其同工酶(CK-MB)活性水平,并进行组间比较。结果:与对照组相比,轻症组及重症组治疗前AST、LDH、CK、CK-MB水平均明显升高,其差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),且重症组水平明显高于轻症组(P<0.05);治疗后,重症组及轻症组心肌酶水平均明显低于治疗前水平(P<0.05),且与对照组接近(P>0.05)。结论:小儿肺炎患者病情越重,心肌酶升高越明显,针对性治疗可使其恢复正常。     

Plasma chemistry reference values in the gyr falcon (Falco rusticolus)

Blood samples were collected from 102 clinically healthy gyr falcons (Falco rusticolus) over a time period of approximately 3 years as part of routine examination procedures. Standard blood chemistry analyses were carried out to establish normal reference values for the species. Plasma chemistry analyses included alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase, blood urea nitrogen, bile acids, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, phosphate, iron, total protein, total bilirubin, and uric acid. Reference intervals were determined using a quantile approach with 90 % confidence intervals of the limits. Juveniles and adults differ in ALT, creatinine, AST, glucose, LDH, and uric acid. Sexes differ in ALP, CK, AST, and phosphorus. This study provides valuable information on the plasma biochemistry values for gyr falcons that may help in the medical management of this endangered and commonly used falconry species.     

Effects of lead acetate exposure on metabolic enzyme activities in selected tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of lead exposure on tissue enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in liver, kidney, brain, and gill of common carp. Lead acetate exposure (7.0 mg L^?1, 10 days) caused a significant elevation of AST in the liver as compared to control group (P?<?0.05). The activity of ALT was increased significantly in the liver, kidney, and brain homogenates following lead acetate exposure. Treatment with lead acetate caused significant increase in ALP values in the kidney and gill as compared to control group. Moreover, LDH activity was increased following lead acetate exposure in all examined tissues, although the increase was only significant in the liver. The results suggested that lead acetate exposure in common carp leads to interactions between this metal and biological systems, which could affect metabolic enzyme activities in some tissues. However, much more extensive biochemical and toxicological research are needed for better understanding of the molecular basis of lead-induced tissue enzyme alterations.     

Protective effect of kombucha tea against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice: a biochemical and histopathological study

Acetaminophen overdose causes severe hepatotoxicity leading to liver failure in experimental animals and humans. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of kombucha tea (KT) against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Forty male Balb/c mice were divided into four equal groups: (1) the control group, (2) KT-treated group, (3) acetaminophen-treated group, and (4) KT/acetaminophen-treated group. All mice in group 4 were given KT orally for 7?days before a single hepatotoxic dose of acetaminophen (1,000?mg/kg orally). Activities of liver marker enzymes in serum; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP); and total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and direct and total bilirubin levels were determined. Acetaminophen challenge caused significant increases in the levels of bilirubin and liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH), while TP and ALB levels were reduced significantly. Histopathologic assessments showed that severe glycogen storage in hepatocytes, hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration in portal area, dilation of central veins, and capillarization also reduced in KT/acetaminophen group compared to acetaminophen-treated mice. In conclusion, these findings suggest that KT has protective effect on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity.     

Changes of enzyme activities in ovine fetal fluids and maternal blood serum with gestational age

Our objectives were threefold: (1) to assess the activities of tissue enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) in the fetal fluids (amniotic and allantoic) collected from the gravid sheep uteri obtained from the abattoir and also in the maternal blood serum at various stages of pregnancy, (2) to compare the enzyme activities of fetal fluids relative to the maternal serum, and (3) to compare the enzyme activities in serum of pregnant ewes to nonpregnant ones. The stages of gestation, viz., stage I (30–60 days), stage II (61–90 days), and stage III (91–120 days) were identified based on the crown anus length of the fetus. As the gestational ages increased, AST significantly (p < 0.01) increased in the amniotic fluid and maternal blood serum but decreased in allantoic fluid; ALT had no changes in fetal fluids and the maternal blood serum; ALP decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in allantoic fluid but had no changes in the amniotic fluid and maternal serum; LDH increased significantly (p < 0.01) in amniotic and allantoic fluids but decreased in maternal serum; CK decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in fetal fluids and maternal serum. The enzyme activities were significantly higher in maternal sera than fetal fluids but were successively less in allantoic and amniotic fluids (p < 0.01). The activity of enzymes in maternal sera of pregnant and nonpregnant ewes were nearly the same. Except for LDH and CK, the greatest activities were found in the maternal serum in stage I and for AST in stage III of pregnancy (p < 0.01). These findings may have appreciable diagnostic significance in prenatal detection of disease status in both the dam and the fetus.