慢性创面的诊断与治疗进展

一、概述 随着人们生活水平的不断提高和寿命的不断延长,各种“富贵病”如糖尿病、高血压及各种血管性疾病发病率逐年快速升高,由此而产生的带有慢性创面的患者越来越多[1]. 组织损伤后的正常反应是恢复组织解剖与功能完整性的一个及时有序的连续过程.临床上根据愈合时间把创面分为急性与慢性两种.在慢性创面中,这种有序过程受到干扰,愈合过程延长,最终导致解剖和功能上的缺陷;一般认为6～8周未愈的创面可称作慢性创面.     

慢性皮肤创面免疫微环境的特点及调控

目的:在皮肤创面愈合早期,免疫应答反应对于清除病原体至关重要.但是,持续的炎症反应会导致慢性皮肤创面形成.功能失调的免疫细胞,如巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞会促使愈合进程停留在炎症期,导致创面难以愈合.抑制炎症反应并减少在炎症反应过程中产生的细胞因子对改善慢性皮肤创面的免疫微环境具有重要意义,许多具有抗炎作用的药物或生物材料已...     

局部氧疗促进慢性创面愈合的疗效观察

目的 观察及评价局部氧疗对促进慢性创面愈合的疗效.方法 2010年1月至2012年1月吉林大学第一医院烧伤外科收治的30例慢性不愈创面患者(慢性不愈合创面38个).将其随机分为两组,常规治疗组(A组)和常规治疗联合创面局部氧疗组(B组).A组共计患者18例,有效创面数24个;B组共计患者12例,有效创面数14个.B组在A组创面常规处理基础上配合局部氧疗2次/d,1h/次,两周为1个周期.据此比较两组创面愈合时间、创面治疗有效率及治疗2周后创面评估分数的差异,数据采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行统计学分析.结果 A组、B组创面平均愈合时间分别为(31.7±16.3)d、(17.3±9.9)d.B组愈合时间明显少于A组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组创面平均愈合有效率(67.7 11.8)％,B组创面平均愈合有效率(92.3±5.4)％,B组治疗有效率大于A组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组治疗前创面评估分数为(8.4±5.3),治疗两周后创面评估分数为(7.2±4.4);B组治疗前创面评估分数为(7.9±3.7),治疗两周后创面评估分数为(2.5 ±1.4).A组创面评估分数未见明显下降,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);B组创面评估分数下降明显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 恰当的局部氧疗可以促进慢性创面愈合,并具有操作简便,费用低廉,安全有效的优点,适合在广大慢性创面患者群体中推广使用.     

光生物调节治疗在创面修复领域中的研究进展

糖尿病等疾病破坏创面正常愈合过程,形成慢性难愈合创面,使患者遭受严重不适与困扰,消耗大量医疗资源.随着光医学的发展,光生物调节治疗(PBMT)在创面修复领域中的应用越来越广泛.PBMT应用弱激光、LED光、广谱光等,在糖尿病创面、烧伤创面、静脉溃疡、压力性溃疡等方面取得了一定疗效,具有广阔应用前景,本文将就PBMT应用...     

荷负电气溶胶对糖尿病慢性创面愈合的效果观察

<正>慢性创面愈合机制复杂,受多种因素影响。促进慢性创面愈合是烧、创伤治疗和护理关注的热点。近年来,慢性创面多发生于代谢性疾病或老年性疾病引起的一系列并发症,如糖尿病。研究证实,荷负电气溶胶具有促进残存的表皮干细胞增生,促进烧伤创面愈合的作用。为了探讨荷负[1][2-3]     

应用负压治疗伤口的临床实践及进展

负压创面治疗是一种促进急、慢性创面愈合的方法,它将负压作用于创面,对特定的伤口有促进愈合或改善基底状态的作用。     

自体富血小板血浆修复慢性难愈性创面的作用：回顾性研究和文献检索证据分析

文题释义： 慢性难愈性创面：通常把各种内外因作用下创面不能通过正常的创面愈合过程而达到愈合,呈现病理性炎症反应状态,从而导致创面经久难愈的称为慢性难愈性创面。 富血小板血浆：是通过离心自体血而提取出的含有高浓度血小板的血浆,除血小板外,其中含有多种高浓度的生长因子及纤维蛋白。 背景：自体富血小板血浆对难愈性创面有一定修复效果,可加快软组织愈合速度。而富血小板血浆凝胶可以防止血小板的流失,使血小板在局部长时间存活并分泌生长因子,更有利于创面愈合。 目的：观察自体富血小板血浆凝胶对慢性难愈性创面的修复作用,并分析其研究现状。 方法：①收集慢性难愈性创面病例22例,其中糖尿病性溃疡8例,创伤性溃疡3例,创伤后骨不连3例,电烧伤后骨外露2例,放射性溃疡6例,创面行清创手术后用富血小板血浆凝胶外用,定期换药并更换富血小板血浆凝胶,观察创面愈合情况;②由第一作者检索万方数据库近10年的有关自体富血小板血浆凝胶治疗慢性难愈性创面的相关文献,并分析研究现状。 结果与结论：①回顾性分析结果表明,富血小板血浆修复的22例慢性难愈性创面病例,创面完全愈合11例,创面缩小后经皮瓣转移后愈合5例,行游离植皮治疗获得愈合6例,患者均无疾病传播及免疫排斥反应,结果证实富血小板血浆凝胶对慢性难愈合伤口有明显的修复作用,安全有效;②文献检索结果显示,纳入文献32篇,其中2016年到2018年对自体富血小板血浆在慢性难愈性创面的研究发文量逐年升高,但现有证据尚缺乏说服力,缺乏大规模、多中心、前瞻性随机对照研究,如何规范富血小板血浆的制备及使用过程以保证疗效的稳定性还有待进行更多的探索。 ORCID: 0000-0002-2480-5159(李万同) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

电磁疗法治疗慢性创面的基础与临床研究

慢性难愈合创面是一大类长期不愈合或难愈合的组织损伤,发病机制复杂、治疗难度大,目前临床疗效尚有待完善。广义的电磁疗法包括直流电疗法、低频电刺激疗法、电磁场疗法、高频电场疗法、高压电位疗法等,是物理疗法的重要组成部分。本综述阐述了电磁疗法治疗慢性创面的临床效应、安全性及可能的作用机制,电磁疗法具有非侵入性、无明显疼痛及副作用等特点,在加速组织再生修复、促进创面愈合方面具有独特优势,为慢性难愈合创面的治疗提供了新的选择。     

肉芽组织下注射微粒皮浆对大鼠创伤性慢性创面愈合的影响

目的研究肉芽组织下注射微粒皮浆对大鼠创伤性慢性创面愈合的作用。 方法选取60只SD雄性大鼠,于背部制作大小为3.0 cm×3.0 cm的创面,并将钢丝圈缝于创面内缘。按照随机数字表法将大鼠分为3组,分别为一般创面组、慢性创面组和微粒皮浆组,每组各20只。一般创面组背部造成创面后给予抗感染治疗并常规换药;慢性创面组背部形成创面后给予抗感染治疗、常规换药,并连续7 d肌内注射氢化可的松干预形成慢性创面;微粒皮浆组背部形成创面后给予抗感染治疗、常规换药,连续7 d肌内注射氢化可的松干预形成慢性创面,取大鼠右大腿外侧皮肤制备微粒皮浆注射于肉芽组织下。造模完成次日开始观察创面情况,定为观察第1天。观察第7、14、21、28天各组创面愈合情况,并计算创面愈合率;留取观察第14天的肉芽组织进行苏木精-伊红染色以及CD31免疫组织化学染色,观察苏木精-伊红染色下创面新生毛细血管分布情况及CD31免疫组织化学染色下CD31表达情况与微血管密度。对数据行单因素方差分析和LSD-t检验。 结果观察第14天,一般创面组创面明显缩小,慢性创面组皮肤爬伸不明显,微粒皮浆组创面大部分愈合;观察第28天,一般创面组剩余部分残留创面,慢性创面组创面愈合不明显,微粒皮浆组创面基本愈合。观察第14、21、28天,一般创面组愈合率分别为(51.09±0.94)%、(75.43±0.92)%、(86.51±0.57)%,慢性创面组创面愈合率分别为(20.30±0.95)%、(35.59±1.18)%、(45.82±1.35)%,微粒皮浆组创面愈合率分别为(39.00±0.86)%、(64.62±0.15)%、(91.25±0.87)%,比较差异均有统计学意义(F＝1 993.60、6 475.02、9 984.47,P值均小于0.05);观察第14天,慢性创面组创面愈合率分别与一般创面组、微粒皮浆组比较,差异均有统计学意义(t＝89.90、50.93,P值均小于0.05);观察第21天,慢性创面组创面愈合率分别与一般创面组、微粒皮浆组比较,差异均有统计学意义(t＝117.90、116.10,P值均小于0.05);观察第28天,慢性创面组创面愈合率分别与一般创面组、微粒皮浆组比较,差异均有统计学意义(t＝86.43、94.29,P值均小于0.05)。观察第14天,创面苏木精-伊红染色观察,一般创面组可见少许新生毛细血管,慢性创面组未见明显新生毛细血管,微粒皮浆组其间有大量新生毛细血管。观察第14天,创面CD31免疫组织化学染色观察(CD31阳性表达呈棕黄色),一般创面组棕黄色的颗粒散在分布,慢性创面组棕黄色颗粒稀疏分布,微粒皮浆组可见大量棕黄色的颗粒分布。观察第14天,创面微血管密度比较,一般创面组、慢性创面组、微粒皮浆组微血管密度分别为(49.20±17.96)、(37.32±9.57)、(64.93±20.29)个/视野,比较差异有统计学意义(F＝34.09,P<0.05);慢性创面组创面微血管密度分别与一般创面组、微粒皮浆组比较,差异有统计学意义(t＝3.23、11.50,P值均小于0.05)。 结论微粒皮浆肉芽组织下注射可促进大鼠创伤性慢性创面血管增生,其创面愈合率明显升高,创面愈合时间缩短。     

预处理间充质干细胞促进创面愈合的研究进展

各种急、慢性创面发生率较高,给患者及医疗资源带来极大负担,干细胞疗法目前被广泛应用于临床研究,移植后能够有效修复损伤组织。但由于受到感染、缺氧、炎性因子等多种因素的影响,移植后干细胞存活率低下,无法有效归巢至损伤组织。因此,增加干细胞在体效率对促进创面修复有至关重要的作用。预处理干细胞能够改变细胞生物学活性,是提高干细胞在微环境的耐受力以及归巢能力的最佳策略。本文就预处理间充质干细胞促进创面愈合的研究进展作一综述。     

ADAM12: a potential target for the treatment of chronic wounds

Wound healing is a complex process involving multiple cellular events, including cell proliferation, migration, and tissue remodeling. A disintegrin and metalloprotease 12 (ADAM12) is a membrane-anchored metalloprotease, which has been implicated in activation-inactivation of growth factors that play an important role in wound healing, including heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and insulin growth factor (IGF) binding proteins. Here, we report that expression of ADAM12 is fivefold upregulated in the nonhealing edge of chronic ulcers compared to healthy skin, based on microarrays of biopsies taken from five patients and from healthy controls (p = 0.013). The increase in ADAM12 expression in chronic ulcers was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a pronounced increase in the membranous and intracellular signal for ADAM12 in the epidermis of chronic wounds compared to healthy skin. These findings, coupled with our previous observations that lack of keratinocyte migration contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic ulcers, prompted us to evaluate how the absence of ADAM12 affects the migration of mouse keratinocytes. Skin explants from newborn ADAM12-/- or wild-type (WT) mice were used to quantify keratinocyte migration out of the explants over a period of 7 days. We found a statistically significant increase in the migration of ADAM12-/- keratinocytes compared to WT control (p = 0.0014) samples. Taken together, the upregulation of ADAM12 in chronic wounds and the increased migration of keratinocytes in the absence of ADAM12 suggest that ADAM12 is an important mediator of wound healing. We hypothesize that increased expression of ADAM12 in chronic wounds impairs wound healing through the inhibition of keratinocyte migration and that topical ADAM12 inhibitors may therefore prove useful for the treatment of chronic wounds.     

循环纤维细胞与慢性创面愈合

背景：循环纤维细胞是近些年来在外周血液发现的具有成纤维细胞特性的一种白细胞亚群,由于具有合成多种细胞外基质蛋白、细胞因子以及递呈抗原、收缩创面、促进新生血管形成的能力,因此被认为可以促进创伤的修复。但其促进慢性创面修复的潜在作用研究尚少。 目的：通过文献检索,对循环纤维细胞的生物学特性及其在慢性创面修复中的潜在作用进行文献综述。 方法：分别以“循环纤维细胞、慢性创面、糖尿病足、创面愈合、细胞治疗”和“circulating fibrocytes、An-healing wounds、diabetic foot ulcer、wound healing、cell therapy”为关键词进行检索,CNKI数据库的检索时限为2000至2014年,PubMed数据库的检索时限为1994至2015年,西文生物医学期刊文献数据的检索时限为2000至2015年,检索内容为循环纤维细胞、慢性创面的难愈机制以及细胞治疗在慢性创面愈合中的应用。保留符合纳入标准的54篇文献进行总结分析。 结果与结论：循环纤维细胞因其安全、有效并能较好的发挥促进创面愈合的作用,细胞治疗已开始应用于创面修复。循环纤维细胞是在外周血发现的具有成纤维细胞特性的一个新型白细胞亚群,具有合成多种细胞外基质蛋白、细胞因子以及递呈抗原、收缩创面、促进新生血管形成的能力并在伤后早期进入损伤部位,在创伤修复过程中发挥着积极作用。动物研究证实,应用循环纤维细胞可改善慢性创面尤其是糖尿病慢性创面的修复。   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

基因和干细胞疗法修复慢性难愈创伤的研究与应用**◆

背景：许多疾病和因素都会使伤口久治不愈或延迟愈合,基因疗法和干细胞疗法为慢性难愈创伤的治疗提供了新的技术途径。 目的：针对基因疗法和干细胞疗法用于治疗慢性难愈创伤的研究作一综述。 方法：以“gene therapy,stem cell therapy和chronic wound”为检索词,检索Medline数据库(1980/2010-12),文献检索语种限制为英语。将近年发表的针对性强的文章纳入研究范围,同一领域的文献则选择近期发表或权威杂志的文章。排除与基因疗法和干细胞疗法相关性不强、陈旧的文献。结合自身的研究经验和纳入排除标准,对查阅到的最新研究成果详细分析并加以总结概括。 结果与结论：初次检索到267篇文献,严格按照纳入标准,最终将33篇文献纳入研究。基因疗法和干细胞疗法都是新的治疗方法,其相关理论和技术已经成熟,为慢性难愈创伤的治疗提供了新的技术途径,它们的有效运用有望给慢性难愈创伤带来突破性的治疗效果。     

Modelling of chronic wound healing dynamics

Following chronic wound area over time can give a general overview of wound healing dynamics. Decrease or increase in wound area over time has been modelled using either exponential or linear models, which are two-parameter mathematical models. In many cases of chronic wound healing, a delay of healing process was noticed. Such dynamics cannot be described solely with two parameters. The reported study deals with two-, three-, and four-parameter models. Assessment of the models was based on weekly measurements of 226 chronic wounds of various aetiologies. Several quantitative fitting criteria, i.e. goodness of fit, handling missing data and prediction capability, and qualitative criteria, i.e. number of parameters and their biophysical meaning were considered. The median of goodness of fit of three- and four-parameter models was between 0.937 and 0.958, and the median of two-parameter moels was 0.821 to 0.883. Two-parameter models fitted wound area over time significantly (p=0.001) worse than three- and four-parameter models. The criterion handling missing data provided similar results, with no significant difference between three- and four-parameter models. Median prediction error of two-parameter models was between 111 and 746; three-parameter models resulted in an error of 64 to 128, and finally four-parameter models resulted in the highest prediction error of 407 and 238. Based on the values of quantitative fitting criteria obtained, three parameters were chosen as the most appropriate. Based on qualitative criteria, the delayed exponential model was selected as the most general three-parameter model. It was found to have good prediction capability and in this capacity it could be used to help physicians choose the most appropriate treatment for patients with chronic wounds after an initial three-week observation period, when the median error increase of fitting is 74%.     

Myeloid cell dysfunction and the pathogenesis of the diabetic chronic wound

Diabetes can promote a state of chronic inflammation associated with serious complications that are difficult to treat, including ulceration of the lower extremities and chronic wounds. Chronic wounds are often incurable and contribute to both a reduced quality of life for patients and an enormous burden for healthcare services. In diabetes, the inflammatory response early in wound healing is inappropriately amplified and prolonged, leading to the persistent presence in the wound of vastly elevated numbers of dysfunctional, hyperpolarised macrophages that fail to transition to a pro-healing phenotype. Recent evidence suggests that systemic chronic inflammation induces intrinsic defects in monocytes via chromatin modifications that may pre-programme monocytes to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, while the local wound environment inhibits differentiation to a pro-healing phenotype. Current understanding remains incomplete, and careful dissection of how local and systemic inflammation combine to negatively influence myeloid cell development will be key to developing effective therapies aimed at healing the diabetic wound.     

认知行为疗法在合并焦虑的慢性难愈合创面患者中的临床研究

目的探讨认知行为疗法对合并焦虑的慢性难愈合创面患者创面治疗效果的影响。 方法选取2018年2月至9月于临沂市中心医院烧伤整形科住院治疗的符合入选标准的40例合并焦虑的慢性难愈合创面患者,将所有患者随机编号,编号为奇数的设为干预组,编号为偶数的设为对照组,每组各20例。2组患者均接受常规慢性难愈合创面的治疗和护理,干预组患者在此基础上给予认知行为疗法干预,包括会谈治疗、音乐治疗及腹式呼吸放松治疗,共4周,对照组未予任何心理干预治疗。分别于入院时、治疗2周、治疗4周采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)对2组患者进行焦虑程度评分;应用毫米网格纸法测量患者入院时、治疗2周、治疗4周创面面积并计算创面愈合率。数据比较采用t检验。 结果入院时,干预组患者SAS评分(67.1±2.4) 分,对照组(65.9±2.2) 分,2组比较差异无统计学意义(t＝0.49, P＝0.65);认知行为疗法干预治疗2、4周后,干预组患者SAS评分分别为(55.6±1.9)、(49.3±2.6) 分,低于同期对照组(59.8±2.1)、(53.5±2.7) 分,差异均有统计学意义(t＝2.17、2.54,P＝0.04、0.02);入院时,干预组患者HAMA评分(23.8±3.3) 分,对照组(24.1±3.6) 分,2组比较差异无统计学意义(t＝0.96, P＝0.34);干预2、4周后,干预组患者HAMA评分分别为(17.2±2.7)、(11.9±2.1) 分,低于同期对照组(20.8±3.4)、(15.3±3.0) 分,差异均有统计学意义(t＝2.23、2.86,P＝0.03、0.01)。治疗2、4周后,干预组患者创面愈合率分别为(26.2±2.4)%、(80.5±4.2)%,均高于同期对照组(22.3±2.1)%、(59.2±3.9)%,2组比较差异均有统计学意义(t＝2.54、2.86,P＝0.02、0.01)。 结论认知行为疗法干预有助于缓解慢性难愈合创面患者的焦虑情绪,提高慢性难愈合创面的愈合速度。     

Cell Therapy for Wound Healing

In covering wounds, efforts should include utilization of the safest and least invasive methods with goals of achieving optimal functional and cosmetic outcome. The recent development of advanced wound healing technology has triggered the use of cells to improve wound healing conditions. The purpose of this review is to provide information on clinically available cell-based treatment options for healing of acute and chronic wounds. Compared with a variety of conventional methods, such as skin grafts and local flaps, the cell therapy technique is simple, less time-consuming, and reduces the surgical burden for patients in the repair of acute wounds. Cell therapy has also been developed for chronic wound healing. By transplanting cells with an excellent wound healing capacity profile to chronic wounds, in which wound healing cannot be achieved successfully, attempts are made to convert the wound bed into the environment where maximum wound healing can be achieved. Fibroblasts, keratinocytes, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells, bone marrow stem cells, and platelets have been used for wound healing in clinical practice. Some formulations are commercially available. To establish the cell therapy as a standard treatment, however, further research is needed.

Graphical Abstract

相似文献   

Prognostic factors in the prediction of chronic wound healing by electrical stimulation

The aim of the study is to determine the effects of wound, patient and treatment attributes on the wound healing rate and to propose a system for wound healing rate prediction. Predicting the wound healing rate from the initial wound, patient and treatment data collected in a database of 300 chronic wounds is not possible. After considering weekly follow-ups, it was determined that the best prognostic factors are weekly follow-ups of the wound healing process, which alone were found to predict accurately the wound healing rate after a minimum follow-up period of four weeks (at least five measurements of wound area). After combining the follow-ups with wound, patient and treatment attributes, the minimum follow-up period was reduced to two weeks (at least three measurements of wound area). After a follow-up period of two weeks, it was possible to predict the wound healing rate of an independent test set of chronic wounds with a relative squared error of 0.347, and after three weeks, with a relative squared error of 0.181 (using regression trees with linear equations in its leaves). Regression trees with a relative squared error close to 0 produce better prediction than with an error closer to 1. Results show that the type of treatment is just one of many prognostic factors. Arranged in order of decreasing prediction capability, prognostic factors are: wound size, patient's age, elapsed time from wound appearance to the beginning of the treatment, width-to-length ratio, location and type of treatment. The data collected support former findings that the biphasic- and direct-current stimulation contributes to faster healing of chronic wounds. The model of wound healing dynamics aids the prediction of chronic wound healing rate, and hence helps with the formulation of appropriate treatment decisions.     

慷舒灵治疗糖尿病足及下肢慢性创面疗效观察

目的探讨慷舒灵敷料治疗糖尿病足及下肢慢性创面的疗效。方法选择常规治疗四周以上无效的糖尿病足及下肢慢性创面患者16例，使用慷舒灵敷料治疗，视创面渗出的情况每3～5d换药1次，1周为一观察周期。结果5周愈合1例、6周愈合5例、7周愈合6例、10周愈合1例，11周愈合2例，有1例于12周行需要行自体皮片移植后创面愈合。慷舒灵全组总有效率为100％，8周愈合率为75％。结论慷舒灵敷料可有效治疗糖尿病足及下肢慢性创面，提高慢性创面愈合率，并可减少患者创面处理的痛苦。     

TGF-beta: a fibrotic factor in wound scarring and a potential target for anti-scarring gene therapy

Hypertrophic scar and keloid are common and difficult to treat diseases in plastic surgery. Results of wound healing research over the past decades have demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) plays an essential role in cutaneous scar formation. In contrast, fetal wounds, which heal without scarring, contain a lower level of TGF-beta than adult wounds. How to translate the discovery of basic scientific research into the clinical treatment of wound scarring has become an important issue to both clinicians and basic researchers. The development of gene therapy techniques offers the potential to genetically modify adult wound healing to a healing process similar to fetal wounds, and thus reduces wound scarring. This article intends to review the roles of TGF-beta in the formation of wound scarring, the possible strategies of antagonizing wound TGF-beta, and our preliminary results of scar gene therapy, which show that wound scarring can be significantly reduced by targeting wound TGF-beta.