腹腔镜下胆道切开取石术和ERCP球囊扩张取石术治疗细径胆管结石的疗效比较

目的分析比较腹腔镜下胆道切开取石和ERCP球囊扩张治疗细径胆总管结石的临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2016年6月至2018年6月湖南中医药大学第一附属医院收治的60例细径胆总管结石合并胆囊结石患者的临床资料,根据手术方式分为观察组30例(腹腔镜下胆囊切除、术中ERCP球囊扩张取石术)和对照组30例(腹腔镜下胆囊切除、胆道探查取石术),比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、总住院时间、术后并发症、结石复发情况。结果①术中和术后指标方面,观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间均低于对照组(P0.05);②手术前后血液生化指标方面,对照组患者TBIL、DBIL值下降明显,而观察组下降缓慢,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);③术后不良事件发生情况方面,观察组患者的术后出血、胆道狭窄发生率低于对照组(P0.05);④手术疗效方面,两组患者的结石复发率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论细径胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的患者,条件允许情况下选择腹腔镜胆囊切除、ERCP球囊扩张取石治疗,有助于减少出血、结石复发、胆道狭窄及反流性胆管炎等并发症,使手术更加安全、有效。     

十二指肠乳头逆向插管治疗胆囊结石伴细径胆总管结石的临床体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜下逆向十二指肠乳头插管取石术治疗胆囊结石伴细径胆总管结石的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取2016年7月至2018年5月收治的118例胆囊结石伴细径胆总管结石患者,以1:1匹配方式分为对照组(n=59)与试验组(n=59),分别采用腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜取石术及在此基础上行逆向十二指肠乳头插管取石术;比较两组插管效果、术中与术后临床指标水平、手术前后实验室指标水平及术后并发症发生率。结果:试验组插管效果优于对照组(P<0.05),手术时间、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、总住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05);两组手术前后ALT、AST、TBIL水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组患者术后血清淀粉酶及血清脂肪酶水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:相较腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜取石术,腹腔镜下逆向十二指肠乳头插管取石术治疗胆囊结石伴细径胆总管结石可有效提高插管效果,降低操作难度,促进早期康复,有助于减轻胰腺损伤。     

两种手术方法治疗胆囊结石合并细径胆总管结石的临床效果比较(116例报告)

目的 比较腹腔镜胆囊切除+胆总管切开取石+胆总管一期缝合术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy+laparoscopic common bile duct exploration+primary duct closure, LC+LCBDE+PDC)与内镜逆行性胆胰管造影/乳头括约肌切开+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/endoscopic sphincterotomy+laparoscopic cholecystectomy,ERCP/EST+LC)两种手术方式治疗胆囊结石合并细径(胆总管直径≤8 mm)胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月三二〇一医院收治的116例胆囊结石合并细径胆总管结石患者的临床资料,55例行LC+LCBDE+PDC术(LCBDE组), 61例行ERCP/EST+LC术(ERCP组),比较两组的临床效果。结果 两组患者年龄、性别、胆总管直径、结石数量、最大结石直径、总胆红素、直接胆红素、白细胞计数比较无统计学差异(P>0....     

腹腔镜术中联合十二指肠镜治疗细径胆总管结石121例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中联合十二指肠镜下乳头切开取石术治疗胆囊结石继发细径胆总管结石的手术方法和适应证。方法完成腹腔镜胆囊切除后,经胆囊管残端插入输尿管导管至十二指肠腔,经口插入十二指肠镜至十二指肠乳头,针式刀在输尿管导管指引下对乳头施行切开术,用十二指肠镜取石网或球囊取石。结果治疗121例,107例乳头切开取石成功,9例乳头切开排石成功,3例中转为其他术式,2例胆管残留结石。术后轻症胰腺炎8例。无肠穿孔、胆管穿孔、胆漏、大出血、重症胰腺炎等并发症,无死亡。结论只要选择合适的病例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术中联合十二指肠镜下乳头切开取石术治疗胆囊结石继发细径胆总管结石是可行、有效和安全的。     

腹腔镜经胆囊管胆总管探查取石术与胆总管切开探查取石的对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜经胆囊管胆总管探查取石与胆总管切开探查取石的临床疗效。方法:选取80例胆总管结石患者,以随机数字法分为观察组与对照组,每组40例,对照组行腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石术,观察组行腹腔镜经胆囊管胆总管探查取石术。比较两组手术情况、术后恢复及术后并发症情况。结果:观察组术中出血量、手术时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆红素水平、并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:与腹腔镜胆总管切开探查取石术相比,腹腔镜经胆囊管胆总管探查取石术治疗胆总管结石可减少术中出血量,缩短手术时间、术后肛门排气时间及住院时间,不影响血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平、总胆红素水平,不增加术后并发症发生率,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术治疗细径胆总管结石148例

目的 总结运用腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术治疗细径胆总管结石的治疗经验.方法 完成腹腔镜胆囊切除后,经胆囊管残端扩张、胆囊管胆总管汇合部切开或经胆总管前壁切口入路,采用胆管镜取石网取石、液电碎石、经胆囊管残端输尿管导管胆管引流、T管引流或胆总管切口即时缝合等,有选择地对148例胆总管内径≤0.8 cm的细径胆总管结石病人进行治疗.结果 腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术148例中,腹腔镜手术成功116例,中转为术中十二指肠镜下乳头切开取石术32例,无中转开腹.术中胆管镜下取净结石116例,十二指肠镜下取出结石29例,乳头切开术后排出结石3例.无残余结石.术后胆漏7例,均经术中常规放置的胆管引流和腹腔引流管引流治愈.术后轻症胰腺炎3例.术后经输尿管导管胆管造影有2例呈现胆总管切口即时缝合区狭窄影像,未予处理.术后其他并发症均经非手术综合疗法治愈.无肠穿孔、胆管穿孔、大出血、重症胰腺炎等严重并发症,无死亡.结论 只要选择合适的病例,腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术治疗细径胆总管结石,对于有较高腹腔镜和内镜技术者是可行、有效和安全的.     

腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术治疗细径胆总管结石148例

目的 总结运用腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术治疗细径胆总管结石的治疗经验.方法 完成腹腔镜胆囊切除后,经胆囊管残端扩张、胆囊管胆总管汇合部切开或经胆总管前壁切口入路,采用胆管镜取石网取石、液电碎石、经胆囊管残端输尿管导管胆管引流、T管引流或胆总管切口即时缝合等,有选择地对148例胆总管内径≤0.8 cm的细径胆总管结石病人进行治疗.结果 腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术148例中,腹腔镜手术成功116例,中转为术中十二指肠镜下乳头切开取石术32例,无中转开腹.术中胆管镜下取净结石116例,十二指肠镜下取出结石29例,乳头切开术后排出结石3例.无残余结石.术后胆漏7例,均经术中常规放置的胆管引流和腹腔引流管引流治愈.术后轻症胰腺炎3例.术后经输尿管导管胆管造影有2例呈现胆总管切口即时缝合区狭窄影像,未予处理.术后其他并发症均经非手术综合疗法治愈.无肠穿孔、胆管穿孔、大出血、重症胰腺炎等严重并发症,无死亡.结论 只要选择合适的病例,腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术治疗细径胆总管结石,对于有较高腹腔镜和内镜技术者是可行、有效和安全的.     

术中十二指肠镜下乳头切开术128例报告

目的 探讨术中十二指肠镜下乳头切开术(IEPT)治疗胆石症合并的胆总管末端狭窄或细径胆总管结石的手术方法 和适应证.方法 腹腔镜下或开腹下完成胆囊切除术.粗径胆总管:胆总管切开探查并取净结石,经胆总管切口插入输尿管导管或斑马导丝至十二指肠腔,经口插入十二指肠镜至十二指肠乳头,针式刀或弓式刀在输尿管导管或斑马导丝指引下施行乳头切开术以治疗合并的胆总管末端狭窄.细径胆总管:经胆囊管残端插入输尿管导管或斑马导丝至十二指肠腔,经口插入十二指肠镜施行乳头切开术和取石术,用十二指肠镜取石网或球囊取石以治疗细径胆总管结石.结果 粗径胆总管:施行腹腔镜下IEPT 47例,45例乳头狭窄切开成功,2例中转为其他术式.施行开腹下IEPT5例,5例乳头狭窄切开成功.细径胆总管:施行腹腔镜下IEPT和取石术74例,68例乳头切开和取石成功,5例乳头切开成功,1例中转为其他术式.施行开腹下IEPT和取石术2例,2例乳头切开和取石成功.结论 只要选择合适的病例,1EPT在腹腔镜下或开腹下均是可行、有效和安全的.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中联合十二指肠镜治疗正常直径胆总管结石158例

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中联合十二指肠镜下乳头切开取石术治疗胆囊结石继发细径胆总管结石的手术方法和适应证。方法腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中联合十二指肠镜治疗158例正常直径胆总管结石,完成腹腔镜胆囊切除后,经胆囊管残端插入输尿管导管至十二指肠肠腔,经口插入十二指肠镜至十二指肠乳头,针式刀在输尿管导管引导下施行乳头切开术,用十二指肠镜取石网或球囊取石。结果 158例患者中,行乳头切开取石140例,乳头切开排石15例,中转为其他术式3例。术后轻症胰腺炎9例,胆管残留结石3例。无肠穿孔、胆管穿孔、胆漏、大出血、重症胰腺炎等并发症发生,无死亡病例。结论只要选择合适的病例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中联合十二指肠镜下乳头切开取石术治疗胆囊结石继发细径胆总管结石是可行、有效和安全的。     

腹腔镜下胆囊切除术联合经腹顺行导丝引导逆行胰胆管造影术取石治疗胆囊结石合并细径胆总管结石的疗效分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)联合经腹顺行导丝引导经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)取石治疗胆囊结石合并细径胆总管结石的临床疗效.方法 2017年1月～2018年12月间我院收治的胆囊结石合并细径胆总管结石病人80例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每...     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Incorporation and release of85Sr and14C-proline-hydroxyproline in mineral and collagen of bone and incisor teeth of growing rats

The extent to which exchange and reutilization processes of mineral tracers affect skeletal mineral accretion and resorption measurements was evaluated by comparing the rates of appearance and disappearance of⁸⁵Sr and¹⁴C-proline-hydroxyproline in bones and teeth in growing rats for 12 days following simultaneous parenteral injection of these tracers. Expressions for the relative rates of collagen synthesis and breakdown, which unlike mineral metabolism are considered not to be complicated by exchange phenomena, were based on¹⁴C-proline conversion to¹⁴C-hydroxyproline; the specific activity of the latter was determined. Both the mineral and the collagen specific activities reflected the rates and patterns of growth of the samples assayed; rapid growth and a short interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue in themetaphyseal bone which contains the cartilagineous growth plate, slow growth and an interval of time between formation and resorption of tissue indiaphyseal bone and incisor teeth which is longer than the 12 days of the experiment. However, in metaphyseal bone the specific activity collagen/mineral ratio dropped by one half during the 4–12 day interval in contrast to diaphyseal bone and incisor teeth in which no change in this ratio was observed during this period of time. The data indicate that collagen in the metaphyseal growth zone is removed by resorption before it has become fully mineralized, and that exchange is a relatively unimportant factor in the long term kinetics of bone mineral.

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Zusammenfassung Das Ausmaß, bis zu welchem Austausch- und Wiederverwendungsprozesse der mineralen Tracer die Messungen des mineralen Skelett-Auf- und Abbaues beeinflussen können, wurde ausgewertet; zu diesem Zweck wurde die Geschwindigkeit des Auftretens und Verschwindens von⁸⁵Sr und von¹⁴C-Prolin-Hydroxyprolin in Knochen und Zähnen von wachsenden Ratten während der 12 auf die simultane parenterale Injektion dieser Tracer folgenden Tage verglichen.Der Ausdruck für die relative Geschwindigkeit des Kollagen-Auf- und Abbaues, bei welchem im Gegensatz zum Mineralmetabolismus kein Mitwirken des Austauschphänomens vermutet wird, basiert auf der Umwandlung von¹⁴C-Prolin zu¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin; die spezifische Aktivität des letzteren wurde bestimmt.Aus der spezifischen Aktivität des Minerals sowie jener des Kollagens konnten die Geschwindigkeit und die Art des Wachstums der untersuchten Proben ersehen werden, d.h.schnelles Wachstum und ein kurzes Zeitintervall zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Metaphyse, die auch die knorpelige Wachstumsplatte enthält, und andererseitslangsames Wachstum und längeres Zeitintervall (länger als die 12 Tage des Experimentes) zwischen Bildung und Resorption des Gewebes imKnochen der Diaphyse und in den Schneidezähnen. Immerhin fiel die spezifische Aktivität des Kollagen/Mineral-Anteils im Knochen der Metaphyse während dem 4–12tägigen Zeitintervall auf die Hälfte, im Gegensatz zum Knochen der Diaphyse und der Schneidezähne, bei welchen während dieser Zeitspanne kein Unterschied in diesem Verhältnis beobachtet wurde.Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Kollagen in der Wachstumszone der Metaphyse durch Resorption verschwindet, bevor es ganz mineralisiert ist, und daß der Austausch ein relativ unwichtiger Faktor in der Kinetik auf lange Sicht des Knochenminerals ist.