胰腺假性囊肿内镜超声图像的特征

目的：研究胰腺假性囊肿内镜超声图像的特征，探讨内镜超声在胰腺假性囊肿诊断中的价值。方法：对35例胰腺假性囊肿患者进行超声内镜检查。结果：在35例胰腺假性囊肿中，单发3l例，多发4例，共有囊肿41个；位于胰头13个，胰体3个，胰尾19个，胰体尾6个。囊壁光滑29例，毛糙6例；囊液透声良好19例，有絮状回声16例，囊内有分隔l例，囊壁有钙化l例，伴有胰管扩张7例；胰腺实质回声不均匀21例，胰实质钙化4例，胰腺萎缩2例，胰腺癌2例，胰腺未见异常6例。5例在胃肠道有压迹，其中1例压迫十二指肠降段致梗阻；胃底静脉曲张4例，2例引起消化道出血。结论：内镜超声可以清晰显示囊肿的大小、部位、形态以及与胰腺的关系，且能进行EUS引导下的穿刺检查，对假性囊肿的诊断和鉴别诊断均有重要意义。     

内镜超声下胰腺假性囊肿经胃置管引流的临床研究

目的分析探讨内镜超声（EUS）下胰腺假性囊肿经胃置管引流的疗效及并发症情况。方法回顾分析2001年以来经胃置管引流胰腺假性囊肿的24例患者病历及随访资料。引流方法采用EUS引导下穿刺囊肿，插入导丝，用探条或扩张水囊行针道扩张，置入鼻囊肿引流管或1～4根双猪尾型塑料支架引流。术后定期随访，囊肿消失后拔除支架。结果24例患者均完成囊肿穿刺、置管，手术成功率100％，死亡率为0。发生并发症8例（33．3％），其中严重并发症3例（12．5％），分别为出血、感染、支架移位各1例。平均随访21．2个月，2例失访，17例假性囊肿完全消失，2例囊肿明显缩小但持续存在2年以上，腹痛症状消失，1例感染性假性囊肿内镜引流无效转外科手术。内镜引流总的有效率为86．4％（19／22），无一例复发。结论EUS下经胃置管引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿是一种安全、有效的治疗方法，其常见并发症为出血和感染。     

胰腺假性囊肿、胰腺脓肿的超声内镜下治疗进展

胰腺假性囊肿、胰腺脓肿的治疗方法不断推陈出新,近年来超声内镜技术逐渐趋于成熟,目前已成为胰腺假性囊肿、胰腺脓肿非手术治疗的主要方法之一.本文通过系统回顾胰腺假性囊肿、胰腺脓肿的超声内镜下治疗进展,希望有助于临床工作者对胰腺假性囊肿、胰腺脓肿超声内镜下治疗有一个更全面的理解和认识,有利于胰腺假性囊肿、胰腺脓肿超声内镜下治疗在临床工作中的应用和普及.     

内镜超声引导下经胃壁胰腺假性囊肿内引流术的护理

胰腺假性囊肿是急、慢性胰腺炎或胰腺外伤的常见并发症，其中AP、CP发生率分别为2％～50％、20％～60％。近年来，随着内镜技术及内镜附件的发展，采用EUS引导下经胃壁或十二指肠壁内支架引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿具有定位准确、创伤小、疗效佳等优点。我科采用该方法共治疗18例患者，现总结术前、中、后的护理配合体会如下。     

胰腺假性囊肿内引流及超声内镜引导新型蕈型覆膜金属支架治疗进展

内镜下胰腺假性囊肿(pancreatic pseudocyst,PPC)内引流已经成为PPC治疗重要方式之一,随着新型蕈型覆膜金属支架(lumen-apposing metal stents,LAMS)在假性囊肿引流中的不断应用,展现出较好的疗效和临床实用价值,本文就PPC内引流现状,特别是超声内镜引导LAMS治疗疗效、并发症及处理对策做一综述.     

超声内镜下穿刺引流治疗假性胰腺囊肿7例报告

假性胰腺囊肿是继发于急慢性胰腺炎、胰腺手术后、胰腺外伤所致胰液外渗或胰管断裂而形成的局部包裹性囊肿,约2／3的患者急性期采用保守治疗可治愈,另1／3则需手术治疗。既往治疗胰腺囊肿多采用经皮穿刺引流或手术内引流等方法,2005年1月～2006年10月,我们采用超声内镜下经胃穿刺引流治疗假性胰腺囊肿患者7例,疗效满意。现报告如下。     

超声内镜引导下经胃壁电穿孔造瘘术内引流胰腺假性囊肿

[目的]评价超声内镜引导下经胃壁造瘘置入双猪尾支架内引流胰腺假性囊肿的疗效及安全性。[方法]回顾性分析行超声内镜引导下经胃壁造瘘置入双猪尾支架内引流胰腺假性囊肿患者5例的临床资料。[结果]5例胰腺假性囊肿患者,囊肿最大15cm×10cm、最小7cm×5cm,分别位于胰腺头体尾部、体尾部和尾部,巨大囊肿患者胃体窦小弯侧有明显压迹。5例患者均一次性电穿孔造瘘内引流成功,成功率100%,随访6~12个月无复发,治愈率100%。[结论]超声内镜引导下经胃壁电穿孔造瘘置管内引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿疗效确切,并发症少。     

内镜下鼻囊肿引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿一例报告

近年来 ,随着内镜技术的发展 ,国外学者开始内镜下囊肿引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿 ,这种方法创伤小、并发症少、疗效确切。我们也采用该方法成功治疗胰腺假性囊肿一例 ,现报告如下。患者 ,男性 ,70岁 ,因反复上腹胀痛 1年 ,加重伴恶心、呕吐 2个月于 2 0 0 2年 4月 2 5日入院。自 2 0 0 1年开始出现中上腹胀痛 ,疼痛有时向腰背部放射 ,且多于进食后加重。入院前 2个月腹痛明显加重 ,且伴有恶心、呕吐 ,发病以来无脂肪泻 ,但体重减轻约 15 kg。既往体健 ,无急、慢性胰腺炎及糖尿病病史。查体 :皮肤、巩膜无黄染 ,腹软 ,上腹部剑突下可扪及一肿块…     

超声引导下穿刺引流和超声内镜下经胃引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿的临床疗效比较

目的探讨胰腺假性囊肿引流治疗的临床效果,并将腹部超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流和内镜超声引导下经胃引流的疗效进行比较。方法回顾性分析2004年以来21例通过引流治疗的胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料,分析引流治疗效果。结果21例患者全部完成穿刺置管,成功率为100％,其中3例患者因并发症转外科手术,16例囊肿消失,2例囊肿明显缩小,治疗效果明显。超声引导经皮穿刺置管不受囊肿形成时间限制,方法简便安全,出血并发症少,但带管时问长;超声内镜下引流病人痛苦小,但对内镜技术要求高,出血并发症稍多。结论超声引导下囊肿穿刺引流是诊断、治疗胰腺假性囊肿的重要方法,选择经皮引流还是超声内镜下引流应根据具体病情和科室条件条件而定。     

超声内镜下一步穿刺法引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声内镜在胰腺假性囊肿治疗中的作用。方法在纵轴超声内镜监测下以一步法细针穿刺囊肿抽吸或引入导丝、插入鼻囊肿塑料管引流,治疗3例胰腺假性囊肿。结果3例胃内均无囊肿压迹表现,囊肿大小6.0 cm×5.9 cm,6.5 cm×3.8 cm,8.5 cm×5.0cm,位于胰腺体部、尾部和体尾交界各1例。2例囊肿周围血流信号不明显,1例囊壁周围可见血流信号,3例囊肿壁与胃壁间无明显层次回声。抽吸或置入鼻囊肿引流管后,患者分别于2 d、2 d和3 d腹痛缓解,引流3 d后病灶缩小,14 d、30 d囊肿消失。1例穿刺后胃黏膜局部渗血,用去甲肾上腺素冲洗止血,未发生感染、穿孔等并发症。随访2个月、5个月和7个月无复发。结论初步观察表明,超声内镜引导下的一步穿刺法简单、实用,感染及出血风险较小。     

胰管离断综合征内镜诊治1例

本文报道了1例以复发性胰腺假性囊肿为主要表现的胰管离断综合征,经过2次内镜下囊肿胃引流以及4次经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术治疗,最终成功放置胰管支架进行胰管断裂桥接治疗,术后囊肿吸收,患者恢复良好。此病例有助于临床医师认识胰管离断综合征,尤其是对于反复发作的胰腺假性囊肿更应当警惕本病。     

Intrasplenic pancreatic pseudocyst: a case report.

An intrasplenic pseudocyst associated with the acute relapsing phase of chronic pancreatitis in a 51-year-old woman is reported, with a review of the Japanese literature. The patient was admitted with a complaint of left lateral and back pain. Abdominal US and CT revealed communicating cysts at the pancreatic tail and the subcapsule of the spleen. A repeat US and CT 1 month after admission demonstrated enlargement of the cyst at the pancreatic tail. ERCP revealed a dilated main pancreatic duct without any definite evidence of stenosis, and direct communication with the cyst at the pancreatic tail. Percutaneous cystography revealed that the subcapsular cyst of the spleen, the cyst of the pancreatic tail, and the main pancreatic duct communicated with each other. The cyst contained serous fluid with an amylase content of 57,500 IU/I. Distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy was performed. Histologically, there was a nonepithelial lining on the inner surface of the cysts at the pancreatic tail and the subcapsule of the spleen. Severe chronic inflammatory changes were present in the resected tail of the pancreas. Timely surgical treatment is advocated to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with complications of intrasplenic pseudocysts.     

Intrasplenic pancreatic pseudocyst: A case report

An intrasplenic psudocyst associated with the acute relapsing phase of chronic pancreatitis in a 51-year-old woman is reported, with a review of the Japanese literature. The patient was admitted with a complaint of left lateral and back pain. Abdominal US and CT revealed communicating cysts at the pancreatic tail and the subcapsule of the spleen. A repeat US and CT 1 month after admission demonstrated enlargement of the cyst at the pancreatic tail. ERCP revealed a dilated main pancreatic duct without any definite evidence of stenosis, and direct communication with the cyst at the pancreatic tail. Percutaneous cystography revealed that the subcapsular cyst of the spleen, the cyst of the pancreatic tail, and the main pancreatic duct communicated with each other. The cyst contained serous fluid with an amylase content of 57,500 IU/I. Distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy was performed. Histologically, there was a nonepithelial lining on the inner surface of the cysts at the pancreatic tail and the subcapsule of the spleen. Severe chronic inflammatory changes were present in the resected tail of the pancreas. Timely surgical treatment is advocated to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with complications of intrasplenic pseudocysts.     

胰腺肿瘤的内镜超声诊断

胰腺深处人体腹膜后位，肿瘤发生常隐匿起病，如为恶性，确诊已属晚期，外科根除率低，预后极差，其中胰腺癌5年生存率只有4％，且化放疗均不敏感，能否延长生存，其前提是早期诊断。     

超声内镜与经内镜逆行胰胆管造影联合治疗胆胰疾病

经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)作为消化内镜主要手段,在一些胆胰疾病的微创治疗方面起到重要作用,在胆管狭窄、胰管狭窄的减压治疗、胰瘘的治疗等方面,ERCP的胆管内引流术及外引流术、胰管支架植入术等起关键的作用。近年由于介入超声内镜(EUS)技术的进步,当ERCP插管未成功,或手术后解剖结构改变而传统ERCP无法完成胆管、胰管的减压时,还可以通过EUS引导下穿刺及支架植入术完成胆胰管的减压,为其治疗开辟新的领域,同时也体现EUS与ERCP在胆胰疾病治疗中起到的互补作用。     

Autoimmune pancreatitis associated with a large pancreatic pseudocyst that disappeared after corticosteroid therapy: a case report and literature review

A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our department because of upper abdominal pain. The serum IgG4 concentration was elevated, and abdominal computed tomography revealed diffuse enlargement of the pancreas associated with a large cyst, measuring 8 cm in diameter. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed narrowing of the main pancreatic duct (from the body to the tail), narrowing of the intrapancreatic bile duct, and dilatation of the bile ducts. The patient was given a diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) associated with a pancreatic pseudocyst and intrapancreatic bile duct stenosis. Oral steroid therapy resulted in reduced pancreatic swelling, complete disappearance of the pancreatic cyst, and an improvement in biliary stenosis. AIP is rarely associated with pancreatic cyst, and only 13 cases, including ours, have been reported to date. In our patient, intense inflammation apparently led to cyst formation in association with AIP, which responded remarkably to corticosteroid therapy. Correct diagnosis of AIP associated with a pancreatic pseudocyst might save patients from undergoing unnecessary endoscopic and surgical procedures.     

Endoscopic ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic disease

Endoscopic ultrasonography was performed in 25 patients with suspected pancreatic disease. Cancer of the pancreas was recognized in 9 of 10 cases with 1 false negative and 2 false positive diagnoses. Chronic pancreatitis was recognized in 89% of cases. Technical difficulties limited the success of the examination in 24% of cases. The presence or absence of pancreatic disease can be determined in most cases by endoscopic ultrasonography. Differential diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is correct in the majority of cases. We have not discovered any specific EUS finding(s) that are pathognomonic for pancreatic cancer or chronic pancreatitis.     

Endoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst. Practical features

The initial treatment of most cases of pancreatic pseudocyst is endoscopic while surgery has been relegated to patients who cannot undergo this procedure for technical reasons, such as roux-en-Y roux reconstruction, or to those in whom other procedures have been unsuccessful. This change in the management of this entity is due to advances in therapeutic endoscopy (as a result of the development of guidelines, dilatation balloons, prostheses, safer techniques) as well as to better knowledge of the pathogenesis of pancreatic pseudocyst.The present study aims to describe endoscopic procedures for the drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts, particularly key technical features to ensure the maximum safety and effectiveness of this therapeutic technique.