A Randomized Trial Assessing the Value of Ultrasound-Guided Puncture of the Femoral Artery for Interventional Investigations

Using a prospectively collected database of patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic angiography via transfemoral access, we sought to determine those patients who may benefit from ultrasound-guided puncture of the femoral artery. One-hundred-twelve patients with normal anticoagulation parameters were randomized in two groups. Fifty-six patients received ultrasound-guided puncture of the femoral artery, 56 patients underwent traditional palpation-guided vessel cannulation. Parameters assessed included procedure-time, number of attempts for successful puncture, intensity of the arterial pulse, previous ipsilateral punctures, history and risk factors of arteriosclerosis and leg circumference at the site of puncture. The data was analyzed by using outcome measures according to evidence-based medicine criteria. Only in patients with weak arterial pulse and thoses with a leg circumference of 60 cm or greater ultrasound guidance significantly decreased the number of attempts needed as well as the time for successful arterial puncture. In both patient subgroups, the number needed to treat (NNT) was 2, the absolute benefit increase (ABI) was 50 and 57%, respectively. In contrast, time for vessel cannulation was increased in patients with strong arterial pulse using ultrasound guidance. No significant differences were found with respect to diminished complications neither comparing both patient groups nor comparing risk subgroups. In conclusion ultrasound guidance for femoral artery access is recommended only in patients with a weak or absent arterial pulse and obese patients.     

Ultrasound Guidance Versus Electrical Stimulation for Femoral Perineural Catheter Insertion

Objective. Continuous femoral nerve blocks provide potent analgesia and other benefits after knee surgery. Perineural catheter placement techniques using ultrasound guidance and electrical stimulation (ES) have been described, but the optimal method remains undetermined. We tested the hypothesis that ultrasound guidance alone requires less time for femoral perineural catheter insertion and produces equivalent results compared with ES alone. Methods. Preoperatively, patients receiving a femoral perineural catheter for knee surgery were randomly assigned to either ultrasound guidance with a nonstimulating catheter or ES with a stimulating catheter. The primary outcome was the catheter placement procedure time (minutes) starting when the ultrasound transducer (ultrasound group) or catheter insertion needle (ES group) first touched the patient and ending when the catheter insertion needle was removed after catheter insertion. Results. Perineural catheters placed with ultrasound guidance (n = 20) took a median (10th–90th percentiles) of 5.0 (3.9–10.0) minutes compared with 8.5 (4.8–30.0) minutes for ES (n = 20; P = .012). All ultrasound‐guided catheters were placed according to the protocol (n = 20) versus 85% of ES‐guided catheters (n = 20; P = .086). Patients in the ultrasound group had a median procedure‐related discomfort score of 0.5 (0.0–3.1) compared with 2.5 (0.0–7.6) for the ES group (P = .015). There were no vascular punctures with ultrasound guidance versus 4 in the ES group (P = .039). Conclusions. Placement of femoral perineural catheters takes less time with ultrasound guidance compared with ES. In addition, ultrasound guidance produces less procedure‐related pain and prevents inadvertent vascular puncture.     

Use of ultrasound guidance in the insertion of radial artery catheters

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of a portable ultrasound device in the insertion of radial artery catheters. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, comparative study. SETTING: Tertiary university hospital. PATIENTS: Elective surgery patients requiring arterial catheter insertion for intraoperative monitoring. INTERVENTIONS: A portable ultrasound device was used to visualize the radial artery at the wrist and to direct arterial catheter insertion. This new technique of arterial catheter insertion was compared with the classic palpation technique. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 69 patients requiring an arterial catheter were randomized to either the ultrasound (34 patients) or palpation technique (35 patients). The time taken from skin puncture to successful arterial catheter insertion, the time taken per insertion attempt, the number of attempts required, and the number of cannulae used were recorded for each group. The arterial cannula was inserted on the first attempt in 21 (62%) cases using ultrasound vs. 12 (34%) cases by palpation (p =.03). Significantly fewer attempts were required for catheter insertion using ultrasound as compared with palpation (mean +/- sd, 1.6 +/- 1.0 vs. 3.1 +/- 2.4; p=.003); however, the time taken for each successful attempt was longer (26.1 +/- 2.0 vs. 17.3 +/- 1.6 secs, p=.001). A trend toward shorter overall time required for catheter insertion was found for the ultrasound group (55.5 +/- 63.8 vs. 111.5 +/- 121.5 secs, p=.17). There were four failures in the ultrasound group and one in the palpation group (not significant). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound is a useful adjunct to arterial catheter insertion and increases the rate of success at first attempt. The technique is easy to learn and may reduce the time taken to insert the catheter.     

股动脉-股深动脉人造血管旁路移植术患者的护理

目的探讨股动脉-股深动脉人造血管旁路移植术患者的护理方法。方法回顾性分析2011年9月至2013年1月在丽水市中心医院血透室实施股动脉-股深动脉人造血管旁路移植术的15例维持性血液透析患者的临床资料,总结其护理方法。结果 15例患者中,透析使用该通路时间最长者为15个月,最短者为1个月,透析3~4次/周,共透析500多例次,血流通畅,动脉搏动良好,透析时血流量均达250~300ml/min。所有患者随访至今均存活良好,无感染,人造血管通畅无闭塞,下肢感觉运动正常,行走自如。结论良好的穿刺技巧及系统性股动脉-股深动脉人造血管旁路移植术的护理,对延长人造血管的使用寿命,保证透析的效果、改善患者生活质量和延长患者寿命具有重要的意义。     

Prospective Study of Axillary Vein Puncture with or Without Contrast Venography for Pacemaker and Defibrillator Lead Implantation

Axillary vein puncture may be used to implant pacemaker (PM) or cardioverter defibrillator leads, though usually requires venography. We prospectively compared punctures guided by venography versus a new radiological landmark. In 232 patients, the puncture was guided by injecting diluted contrast material via an ipsilateral peripheral vein (group A, n = 142), or without venography using the intersection of the lateral borders of the second and third rib as a radiological landmark, followed by contrast injection in case of failure (group B, n = 90). We implantated 1–3 leads per patient. In group A, implantation was successful in 135 patients (95%) and in group B in 55 patients (61%, P < 0.001 vs group A). Subsequent contrast injection allowed successful implantations in 34 of 35 patients, with an success rate of 97% for the overall study population of 224 patients. Venous access was achieved after a mean of 10.4 ± 3.2 minutes of skin incision in group A versus 9.4 ± 3.0 minutes in group B (ns). Pneumothorax occurred in two patients (1% overall). Thus non-contrast guided puncture using a new radiological landmark was successful in a majority of patients. This technique may be useful in absence of ipsilateral peripheral vein access, or presence of contrast allergy.     

Incidence of delayed angiographic femoral artery complications using the EXOSEAL vascular closure device

Background and purpose

Femoral artery injuries are known complications of percutaneous vascular closure devices (VCDs). We studied the incidence of delayed femoral artery angiographic irregularities after neurointerventional procedures in which the EXOSEAL extravascular closure device was used for femoral arterial puncture closure.

Methods

Adult patients who underwent femoral arterial puncture closures with an EXOSEAL VCD and had a follow-up femoral artery angiogram from June 2012 through August 2013 were reviewed. A blinded radiologist compared pre-deployment and follow-up femoral arteriograms for the presence of femoral artery stenosis, dissection, pseudoaneurysm, or development of an arteriovenous fistula. Hospital records were reviewed for major or minor complications of the groin site or femoral artery.

Results

The EXOSEAL VCD achieved hemostasis, without evidence of a groin hematoma or requiring subsequent prolonged manual compression, in 400 of 441 closures following transfemoral arterial access, representing a device success rate of 90.7%. A total of 98 patients underwent 102 repeat angiograms following closure with the EXOSEAL VCD. The average time to the repeat angiogram was 73.5 days (range 0–488, median 28). Follow-up femoral arteriography demonstrated an irregularity in seven cases, all of which were vessel stenoses of <50%. There were no dissections, pseudoaneurysms, infections, or ischemic events in the study population.

Conclusions

Angiographic irregularities were seen in 6.86% of cases after closure with the EXOSEAL VCD. There were no clinically significant vascular complications. Thus, femoral artery closure with EXOSEAL carries a low risk of clinically significant delayed angiographic findings.     

经皮桡动脉与股动脉穿刺冠状动脉介入术后的护理观察

目的比较经桡动脉和股动脉穿刺冠状动脉介入术后的并发症发生情况,并分析相应的护理措施。方法选择220例经皮冠状动脉成形术患者分成对照组（经股动脉穿刺）和观察组（经桡动脉穿刺）各110例,比较2组患者治疗并发症的发生情况并总结相应护理措施。结果观察组患者住院时间和住院费用均显著优于对照组患者,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）; 观察组患者局部小水肿、局部大水肿、迷走神经反射、假性动脉瘤、动静脉瘘、局部感染、肢体水肿以及不适反应等并发症的发生率均显著低于对照组患者（P＜0.05）。结论与经股动脉穿刺相比,经桡动脉穿刺的术后并发症发生率较低,且能在一定程度上缩短住院时间和减轻患者经济负担,因此更值得临床推广应用。     

Celiac plexus block with the long stylet needle technique

Neurolytic celiac plexus block has been used successfully in the treatment of patients with intractable intra-abdominal pain due to malignancy or to benign pain syndromes. A new technique is described here for blocking the celiac plexus through the retrocrural approach with a special long stylet needle inserted under fluoroscopic guidance. Celiac blocks were performed in 2 groups of patients. In the first group (n=7), the classic technique was performed with the use of 2 needles; in the second group (n=5), 1 needle and 2 stylets were used to complete the block through the long guided needle approach. Parameters evaluated in each group consisted of the number of attempts, defined as the number of skin punctures, and fluoroscopy injection time, defined as time from the beginning of fluoroscopy to completion of successful needle insertion into the celiac area. Patients who had abdominal pain resulting from pancreatic cancer underwent celiac plexus block performed by the long guided needle technique. In the classic technique group, fluoroscopy injection time was 13+/-3 min and the number of attempts was 5.3+/-3; values in the long guided needle group were 8.9+/-3 min and 4.9+/-2, respectively. The difference in fluoroscopy injection times was significant (P<.05). The long guided needle technique for celiac plexus block may be an effective and appropriate method for beginners or for practitioners who are not knowledgeable about imaging techniques used in various medical specialties.     

表面麻醉对桡动脉穿刺患者动脉血气影响的研究

目的研究利多卡因表面麻醉对桡动脉穿刺患者动脉血气的影响。方法选择符合病例标准的桡动脉穿刺忠酱100例,随机分为两组,两组首次穿刺采用传统法,第二次穿刺采用配制2％利多卡因无菌棉片湿敷法,甲组（n=50）在桡动脉穿刺前5rain湿敷,乙组（n=50）在桡动脉穿刺前10min湿敷,评估视觉模拟量表（VAS）和Wongbaker面部表情量表评分变化;比较两组患者pH值、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、呼吸频率（R）及心率（HR）的变化。结果与甲组比较,乙组患者的视觉模拟量表（VAS）和Wong—baker面部表情量表两项疼痛评分指标均显著降低,差异有显著意义（P〈0．001）;心率、呼吸的变化差值下降,差异有显著意义（P〈0．01）;动脉血氧分压（PaO2）下降,二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）升高,差异有显著意义（P〈0．001）。结论桡动脉穿刺前10min采用2％利多卡因浸湿的无菌棉片湿敷,既能减轻患者穿刺疼痛,又能稳定心率,有效地保持血气分析参数的相对稳定,是一种比较安全的无痛穿刺方法。     

经桡动脉和股动脉入径行冠脉介入术对急性心肌梗死患者心理影响的对比研究

目的：探讨经桡动脉和股动脉不同入径行冠脉介入（PCI）治疗对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者心理的影响.方法：216例AMI患者分为两组,经桡动脉介入治疗（TRA-pPCI）组110例,经股动脉介入治疗（TFA-pPCI）组106例,采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）及症状自测量表（SCL-90）为心理健康状况测试工具对急性心肌梗死患者进行测试.结果：两组患者发病年龄、AMI类型、Killip分级、病变相关血管、穿刺路径成功率、手术成功率、手术效果等方面无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.TRA-pPCI组术后穿刺部位并发症比TFA-pPCI组明显减少（P＜0.01）,平均卧床时间和住院时间明显缩短（P＜0.01）,术前两组SAS、SDS症状分无显著差异,术后TRA-pPCI组比TFA-pPCI组显著降低（P＜0.01）;两组患者介入前SCL-90各项因子均高于中国常模,介入后TRA-pPCI组躯体化、抑郁、焦虑各因子分显著低于TFA-pPCI组（P＜0.05）.结论：在有条件的心脏介入中心选择经桡动脉入径行血管重建治疗可以减少AMI患者心理问题发生率,减轻住院患者的焦虑及抑郁.     

动脉压迫止血带在经股动脉行介入治疗患者中的应用

目的观察动脉压迫止血带在经股动脉行介入治疗患者中的应用效果。方法 2009年12月至2010年2月,按随机数字表法将经股动脉行介入治疗的200例患者分为实验组和对照组（各100例）,实验组患者术后采用动脉压迫止血带止血,对照组患者术后采用手法压迫结合绷带＂8＂字形加压包扎止血。观察并比较两组患者的并发症发生情况、止血时间及肢体制动时间。结果实验组患者并发症的发生率、止血时间及肢体制动时间均显著低于或短于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。结论动脉压迫止血带用于经股动脉行介入治疗中止血,具有并发症发生率低、可在直视下有效止血、操作简便、节时省力等优点,是较为理想的止血方法,值得在临床推广应用。     

Intima–media Thickness Score from Carotid and Femoral Arteries Predicts the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease

Objectives: In the present study we measured carotid and femoral intima–media thickness (IMT) by B-Mode ultrasonography, as well as angiographic extent and severity of coronary artery disease in patients referred for coronary arteriography, to assess the relation between individual IMT, scores incorporating IMT from the carotid and femoral arteries and the extent and severity of coronary artery disease. Methods: Two hundred and two patients referred for elective coronary angiography underwent ultrasound imaging of both carotid and femoral arteries for IMT measurements. An IMT score was developed as the number of sites with abnormal IMT (range 0–8). Multiple regression analysis indicated that IMT score was independently related to Gensini score, age and glucose levels. A high risk IMT score predicted an extended coronary artery disease although a low or medium risk IMT score cannot exclude the possibility of multivessel disease. Also, a high risk group could predict the performance of revascularization procedures and all cardiovascular events during a follow-up of 14.5 ± 2.4 months.Conclusions: IMT incorporating data from common and internal carotid artery, carotid bifurcation and femoral artery are well correlated with the extent of coronary atherosclerosis, much better than individual IMT. Patients with high IMT score usually have multivessel coronary artery disease and are at increased risk for subsequent cardiovascular events.     

血液透析用股动脉-股深动脉人工血管旁路术后并发症的预防及护理

目的探讨血液透析用股动脉-股深动脉人工血管旁路术后并发症的预防及护理措施。方法回顾性总结2012年1月至2013年2月浙江省丽水市中心医院肾内科接受股动脉-股深动脉人工血管旁路术的14例血液透析患者的临床资料,重点分析术后并发症的预防及护理对策。结果 14例患者行股动脉-股深动脉人工血管旁路术后共透析700多例次,术后血流量250~350ml/min;术后发生局部皮肤感染2例(于2周后痊愈)、血管周围血肿1例(于3周后血肿消退);术后随访示所有患者下肢感觉、运动正常,行走自如。结论以股动脉-股深动脉人工血管旁路作为血液透析通路操作时,严格执行无菌操作是预防局部皮肤感染的关键;而预防血管周围血肿的关键在于准确掌握穿刺技术;穿刺点的选择及透析后的准确按压则是预防血栓形成、血管闭塞及血管瘤的关键。     

动脉压迫止血器在肝动脉介入术后患者中的应用

目的 探讨动脉压迫止血器在肝动脉介入术后患者中的应用方法及效果.方法 便利抽样法选择2014年8月至2015年2月第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院介入一科室收治的肝动脉介入术后的109例原发性肝癌患者为研究对象,按入院先后将其分为观察组(59例)和对照组(50例),两组患者术后分别手动压迫穿刺处5、15 min后绑定动脉压迫器止血,观察并比较两组患者术后穿刺处渗血情况.结果 观察组和对照组术后股动脉穿刺处渗血的发生率分别为3.39％、2.00％,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.012,P＜0.05).结论 将动脉压迫止血器应用肝动脉介入术后患者中,有利于缩短医护人员对肝动脉介入术后患者动脉穿刺处手动压迫的时间,提高工作效率,值得在临床推广使用.     

Usefulness of Doppler waveform analysis before performing a complex procedure using femoral venous access

Ultrasonography is a well‐defined and widely accepted technique in the settings of interventional procedures requiring peripheral venous access, either for the confirmation of the vein patency (with the compression test) or for guiding needle insertion. This report describes a case of unsuccessful guidewire passage through the right iliac vein in spite of successful ultrasonography‐guided puncture of the femoral vein. On repeat duplex ultrasonography, the Doppler waveform showed a continuous pattern without respiratory phasicity, which was consistent with proximal venous occlusion. Venous Doppler signal waveform analysis can be helpful for ensuring downstream patency when planning long‐distance catheterization via femoral venous access.     

基于超声征象建立股浅动脉支架再狭窄的风险预测评分模型

目的建立综合、有效的股浅动脉支架再狭窄风险预测模型,在术前预测支架再狭窄的可能,为手术方案的选择提供指导意见。方法回顾性纳入2016年1月至2018年1月在首都医科大学宣武医院接受股浅动脉支架治疗的患者328例(共381条患肢)作为建模队列。以超声作为评价手段,依据多因素Logistic回归分析筛选支架再狭窄的独立危险因素,按其权重赋值,建立支架再狭窄风险预测评分模型。以受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线验证模型的区分度,并根据其最佳界值将评分模型分为支架再狭窄低危组和高危组。结果多因素Logistic回归分析显示,8项危险因素被纳入评分系统并建立支架再狭窄风险预测模型,钙化斑块、腘动脉收缩期峰值流速<40 cm/s、膝下流出道评分≥4分、踝臂指数<0.5、女性均赋值1分,患者合并脑梗死、慢性肾病、病变总长度15.0~24.9 cm均赋值2分,病变总长度≥25.0 cm赋值3分,模型最高计12分。以数字减影血管造影(DSA)为金标准,经ROC曲线验证,提示该评分体系具有较高的预测价值[ROC曲线下面积(AUC)=0.775,95%CI=0.727~0.824,P<0.001]和拟合优度(χ²=4.921,P=0.766),一致性检验Kappa值为0.609。将评分模型进一步分为再狭窄低危组(0~5分)和再狭窄高危组(6~12分),其敏感性为68.1%,特异性为74.6%,准确性为72.7%。结论股浅动脉支架再狭窄风险预测评分模型可在术前较准确地预测再狭窄的发生,为精准制定手术方案提供理论依据。     

Angioplasty of lower limb arterial stenoses under ultrasound guidance: single-center experience.

PURPOSE: To examine the feasibility and utility of ultrasound-guided angioplasty for treating lower limb stenoses. METHODS: Duplex ultrasonography was employed to guide 55 balloon dilation procedures (27 iliac, 26 superficial femoral, 1 profunda, and 1 vein graft) with the help of a special ultrasound catheter (EchoMark). Ultrasound was used to determine balloon size, monitor guidewire passage, direct the dilation, and judge procedural success. Angiography was performed prior to the procedure to confirm preprocedural ultrasound findings and afterward to compare with duplex visual and hemodynamic parameters of success (peak systolic velocity ratio < 2.0). RESULTS: The balloon size determined from duplex measurements correlated in all cases with sizes selected based on the angiographic image. Guidewire visualization was possible in 95% of the cases. Angioplasty using ultrasound alone was feasible in 84%; inability to obtain a satisfactory image owing to vessel tortuosity, calcification, and bowel gas accounted for the failures. Against the duplex success criterion, initial completion angiograms had an accuracy of 76%, sensitivity of 76%, and specificity of 100%. The additional time for ultrasound guidance averaged 42 +/- 12 minutes for all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that ultrasound guidance is feasible in routine clinical practice. In this series of well-selected cases of arterial stenoses, angioplasty was performed safely using ultrasound guidance alone in over 80% of the cases. Fluoroscopic monitoring is needed when ultrasound visualization is suboptimal.     

The ultrasonographic appearance of the femoral nerve and cases of iatrogenic impairment.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of ultrasonography of femoral nerves in a cadaveric specimen, healthy volunteers, and patients. METHODS: In 1 unembalmed cadaveric specimen (female, 90 years) and 20 healthy volunteers (9 male and 11 female, 18-50 years; n = 40 scans), the topographic features, cross-sectional shapes (oval or triangular), and cross-sectional areas of the femoral nerves were evaluated by ultrasonography (5- to 12-MHz broadband linear array). In a subsequent study, 7 consecutive patients with postoperative findings assigned to the femoral nerve were evaluated and assessed by a neurologist. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD anteroposterior and mediolateral diameters of the femoral nerves in the volunteers were 3.1 +/- 0.8 and 9.8 +/- 2.1 mm, respectively, at an average cross-sectional area of 21.7 +/- 5.2 mm2. The cross-sectional shape was oval in 67.5% superior to the inguinal ligament and in 95% inferior to the ligament. The infrainguinal femoral nerve showed variable distances to the femoral artery. In the subsequent patient study, 5 patients had swelling of the femoral nerve in the affected side. In 1 patient, the nerve had a blurred echo structure due to a hematoma. In 1 patient, major damage of the femoral nerve was ruled out clearly. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography allows the depiction and assessment of the femoral nerve from about 10 cm superior to 5 cm inferior to the inguinal ligament. In this region, ultrasonography is helpful in detection of impairments and, therefore, in decisions about planning and even acceleration of further treatment.     

肱动脉和股动脉采血法在消化道大出血患者中应用的随机对照研究

目的探讨肱动脉和股动脉采血法在急性消化道大出血患者的临床效果,为其临床应用提供循证医学证据。方法选取2018年6月至2019年10月在陆军军医大学第二附属医院住院治疗且需采血检查的急性消化道大出血患者98例为研究对象,随机分为2组(肱动脉采血组和股动脉采血组),每组49例,按照相应规范进行采血操作,并收集相关信息;比较2组一般情况及临床采血效果。结果肱动脉采血组和股动脉采血组患者的一般情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);肱动脉采血组的一次性穿刺成功率和标本合格率分别为95.92%和91.84%,均高于股动脉采血组的79.59%和65.31%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肱动脉采血组的采血时间短于股动脉采血组,不良反应和采血轻度、重度疼痛感发生率均低于股动脉采血组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肱动脉采血法在急性消化道大出血患者中应用的临床效果优于股动脉采血法,且更易操作和保护患者隐私,有一定临床推广价值。     

Ultrasound-guidance vs. standard technique in difficult vascular access patients by ED technicians

Purpose

We evaluated the efficacy and safety of emergency department technicians' (EDT) use of ultrasound (US) guided peripheral intravenous (PIV) access compared to the traditional approach on a subset of patients with difficult IV access.

Methods

We enrolled a convenience sample of 75 ED patients with difficult IV access (at least 2 failed PIV attempts). During phase I, EDTs used the standard technique. EDTs then attended a didactic session on ultrasound guided PIV access of the upper extremity. In phase II, the EDTs used US guidance for PIV access. Outcome measures were successful PIV cannulation by an EDT, time to cannulation, medical doctor (MD) or registered nurseRN intervention, complications, patient satisfaction, and number of skin punctures.

Results

Successful cannulation rates were similar (US: 33/41, 80.5%; traditional technique: 24/34, 70.6%) (difference: 9.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI): -9.3%, 29.1%). US was 2.0 times faster (CI 1.3, 3.1), required less MD/RN intervention (7.3% vs. 20.6%) (difference: 13.3%; CI: -2.5, 30.2%), had fewer complications (41.5% vs. 64.7%, difference: 23.3%; CI 0.6%, 42.7%) and skin punctures (1.6 vs. 3.6; difference: 2.0; CI: 1.6, 2.7), and improved patient satisfaction from 4.4 to 7.7 cm (P-value = .0001).

Conclusions

Following a brief US training for PIV access, EDTs showed similar success rates but US had significantly improved speed and patient satisfaction with fewer skin punctures and complications.