别让狂犬病找上身

近年来,狂犬病的死亡人数在我国法定报告传染病中始终占据首位,其病死率为100%,是人类病死率最高的急性传染病,目前还没有有效的治疗方法。因此,预防狂犬病的发生极为重要。     

狂犬病诊疗规范(2021年版)

狂犬病是狂犬病病毒感染引起的人兽共患传染病,缺乏特异性治疗,病死率几乎100%。近年来,狂犬病报告死亡人数一直位居我国法定报告传染病前列,给人民群众生命安全和身体健康带来严重威胁。一、病原学狂犬病病毒属于单股负链病毒目(Mononegavirales)弹状病毒科(Rhabdoviridae)狂犬病病毒属(Lyssavirus)。     

144例狂犬病临床特征分析

狂犬病是由狂犬病毒引起的人兽共患传染病,是迄今为止人类病死率最高的急性传染病,发病数、病死率高达100％。近年全国部分省份狂犬病的患病人数快速增长,据卫生部近几年来的疫情报告显示,狂犬病在我国37种法定传染病报告中死亡率排名第一。犬患已成为当今社会一个严重的公共卫生问题。现将近几年来武汉市医疗救治中心住院的144例狂犬病临床特征作一分析,探讨狂犬病的预防对策,从而降低其发病率。     

狂犬病疫情影响因素及控制对策

狂犬病是迄今为止人类病死率最高的急性传染病，一旦发病，病死率高达100％。自1997年起，我国部分省份狂犬病发病率呈逐年上升趋势，特别是近些年来，部分地区疫情上升十分明显，发病和死亡人数不断增多，狂犬病仍高居37种法定传染病报告病死数之首。目前，狂犬病仍是我国面临的重大公共卫生问题。     

动物咬伤后的医学处理及狂犬病疫苗和抗血清的安全性探讨

狂犬病又称恐水症,是由狂犬病毒所致的急性传染病,人被病兽咬伤而感染,多见于狗、猫、狼等肉食动物.狂犬病主要临床表现为兴奋、恐水、咽肌痉挛、进行性瘫痪等.该病是一种十分凶险的疾病,即使在科学比较发达的今天,提起狂犬病,也会让人毛骨悚然,它在某种程度上说比癌症更可怕.当今病死率最高的疾病就是狂犬病,狂犬病一旦发作并出现症状,病死率几乎是100%.虽然狂犬病的病死率是100%,但狂犬病又是百分之百可以预防的.被动物咬伤后预防狂犬病发生的有效措施是正确处理伤口,注射狂犬病疫苗和抗狂犬病血清,三缺一不可.     

狂犬病的影响因素及其预防

狂犬病,又称恐水病,是由狂犬病毒引起的以中枢神经系统症状为主的急性传染病。虽然狂犬病主要在野生动物中流行,但犬在携带和传播狂犬病毒中起着重要作用,是人类感染的最主要来源。近年来随着人民生活水平的提高,宠物犬明显增加,犬伤人数的增加造成了暴露于狂犬病的人数增加,人感染狂犬病的概率也随之增加,直到目前,狂犬病仍是无法治愈的疾病,也是病死率最高的疾病,几乎为100%。该病是我国《传染病防治法》中明确规定必须报告的乙类传染病。近年来,狂犬病疫情呈逐年上升之势,死亡率已位居37种法定报告传染病之首。1狂犬病的流行特征狂犬病病…     

一例接种狂犬病疫苗偶合感染致吉兰-巴雷综合征的分析

正狂犬病是由狂犬病病毒感染引起的一种动物源性传染病,临床表现以特异性恐风、恐水、咽肌痉挛、进行性瘫痪等为特征,病死率100%。近年来,狂犬病报告死亡数一直位居中国法定报告传染病前列,给公众健康带来严重威胁[1]。而接种狂犬病疫苗是预防狂犬病的有效手段,且暴露后及时全程接种     

我国狂犬病健康教育与暴露后处理现状

狂犬病是由狂犬病毒引起的人兽共患传染病,是迄今为止人类病死率最高的急性传染病,一旦发病,病死率高达100%.中国是狂犬病严重流行国家之一,发病数仅次于印度,居世界第2位.     

2004-2005年襄樊市动物致伤分析

狂犬病是一种由狂犬病毒引起的人兽共患传染病,是迄今为止人类病死率最高的急性传染病,一旦发病,病死率高达100%[1].我国狂犬病的发病数仅次于印度,居世界第2位[2].狂犬病毒的主要宿主为野生动物.我国狂犬病的宿主动物和传染源主要是犬,其次是猫、鼠和狐狸等[3].为了解襄樊市能引发狂犬病的动物致伤情况,对动物致伤后主动进行处理的3 215名例患者做了调查,并对相关危险因素进行分析,结果如下.……     

靖西县1984～1990年狂犬病流行状况的调查

狂犬病是由狂犬病毒引起的急性传染病,病死率高.为掌握狂犬病的流行特点及其规律,以便采取有效措施,预防、控制和消灭狂犬病,现将对我县1984～1990年狂犬病流行的调查,报告如下.     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

骨钙素与儿童生长发育

骨钙素是成骨细胞分泌的骨蛋白 ,骨钙素水平与成骨细胞活性成正相关 ,是一项很好的反映骨形成与骨转化的生化指标。小儿骨生长发育有自身特点 ,骨钙素水平的改变类似儿童身高生长曲线 ,可以很好地应用于评价儿童生长发育及监测生长障碍患儿对治疗的反应