256例下颌骨髁状突骨折的流行病学分析

髁状突是下颌骨结构比较薄弱的部位,其骨折发生率约占下颌骨骨折的1/3[1].髁状突是颞下颌关节的重要组成部分,骨折后处理不当,可出现咬合关系异常、颞下颌关节功能紊乱,甚至关节强直等.笔者回顾性分析本院1991-2006年收治的256例髁状突骨折患者的资料,了解髁状突骨折的临床特点和流行病学情况.     

保留髁突和关节盘治疗Ⅲ型颞下颌关节内强直的作用和疗效观察

目的 探讨保留髁突和颞下颌关节盘的术式对于治疗创伤性颞下颌关节内强直Ⅲ型的疗效.方法 创伤性颞下颌关节内强直Ⅲ型8例,男4例,女4例;年龄7～22岁,平均13.6岁.病程1～12年,开口度2～10 mm.手术方法为去除外侧髁突骨折断面形成的骨痂,将髁突磨改成形,在内侧寻找分离出移位的关节盘,松解后将关节盘的外侧端缝合固定至外侧关节囊或软组织.结果 术后随访6～38个月,患者开口度平均30 mm,无关节疼痛及弹响症状,随访期内无复发.结论 采用保留髁突和关节盘的方法治疗创伤性颞下颌关节内强直Ⅲ型,方法简单易行,创伤小,能有效防止复发.     

Ⅵ型髁突骨折致颞下颌关节损伤的MRI表现

目的 探讨MRI在Ⅵ型髁突骨折致颞下颌关节损伤中的应用价值. 方法 对18例Ⅵ型髁突骨折患者于伤后3～14 d内行颞下颌关节MRI检查,分析MRI表现. 结果 在18例19侧Ⅵ型髁突骨折中有15侧发生关节盘移位,9侧关节囊撕裂,16侧关节盘后区组织撕裂(双板区),19侧关节腔内关节液改变. 结论 MRI能很好地显示Ⅵ型髁突骨折引起的颞下颌关节损伤情况,是颞下颌关节损伤的重要检查与评价手段,有利于指导临床上对治疗方案的选择.     

MRI在诊断无髁突骨折的间接颞下颌关节损伤中的应用

颞下颌关节（temporo mandibular joint，TMJ）间接损伤是发生TMJ关节功能紊乱的主要原因之一。对于髁突骨折的患者，可通过常规的X线片、CT检查进行诊断。但对于无髁突骨折的间接TMJ损伤的患者，X线片、CT不能显示TMJ的非骨性结构（关节盘、关节囊、关节韧带及软组织）损伤，给TMJ损伤的临床早期诊断治疗造成困难。     

颞下颌关节真性强直2例报告

颞下颌关节强直较少见 ,现将我院遇到的 2例报告如下。例 1　女 ,14岁 ,10年前左耳流脓 ,治疗后好转 ,尔后逐渐张口困难。查体 :下颌偏左 ,面部不对称 ,张口度 0 .5cm ,双侧髁突动度 (± ) ,听力正常。CT扫描示 :左侧下颌骨升支短粗 ,髁状突呈球状肥大 ,颞颌关节窝浅平 ,异常肥大的髁突与关节窝形成的关节间隙明显变窄 ,关节面增生硬化 ,且有骨小梁通过关节间隙 (图 1,2 )。CT诊断 :左颞下颌关节畸形并关节强直。手术行左颞颌关节成形术 ,术后 2 0d ,张口度 1.5～ 1.8cm。例 2　男 ,13岁 ,10年前下颌部外伤后面部出现进行性畸形 ,近 2年张…     

改良关节成形术治疗外伤性Ⅱ、Ⅲ型颞下颌关节强直

颞下颌关节（tempormandibular joint,TMJ）强直是指髁突、关节窝以及关节结节发生纤维性和骨性粘连，融合，外伤是导致TMJ强直的最主要原因。笔者对我院1998-2003年收治的TMJ强直进行回顾性研究，探讨改良关节成形术对外伤性Ⅱ、Ⅲ到TMJ强直的疗效。     

He夹板治疗髁状突纵形骨折对颞下颌关节血流影响的研究

目的：观察髁状突纵形骨折后及Ｈｅ夹板治疗时双侧颞下颌关节区的血流情况。探讨Ｈｅ夹板治疗机制。材料和方法：中国实验用小型猪１４头,分为髁状突纵形骨折未治疗组、Ｈｅ夹板治疗组及正常对照组。分别于髁状窦纵形骨折后２、３、４、１２周做核素三相骨扫描检查。结果 髁状穿纵形骨折侧颞下颌关节（Ｔｅｍｐｏｒｏｍａｎｄｉｂｕｌａｒ ｊｏｕｎｔ,ＴＭＪ）血流相的时间－放射性强度曲线改变大,峰值升高,峰时后延,以２周时     

下颌骨髁状突骨折120例

下颌骨髁状突尤其髁状突颈部骨质脆弱 ,是骨折的好发部位。髁状突不同于下颌骨其他部位的骨骼 ,它构成颞颌关节 ,在下颌生长发育以及下颌的功能运动中均发挥着重要的作用。因此 ,髁状突骨折在临床治疗中有其特殊性。现将 1988～ 2 0 0 0年收治的 12 0例下颌骨髁状突骨折治疗的经验报告如下。临　床　资　料1.一般资料 :本组男 10 2例 ,女 18例 ;年龄 5～ 5 0岁。致伤原因 :交通伤 81例 ,打击伤 18例 ,跌伤 15例 ,挤压伤 6例。骨折分类 :根据髁状突骨折临床特点及影像学征象 ,将髁状突骨折分为髁状突高位骨折 (也称髁头骨折或关节囊内骨折 ) …     

16层螺旋CT三维重组技术在下颌骨及颞颌关节骨折中的应用价值

目的评价16层螺旋CT三维重组技术在下颌骨及颞颌关节骨折中的应用价值。方法对56例下颌骨及颞颌关节骨折患者进行16层螺旋CT扫描,重组下颌骨及颞颌关节SSD(surface shaded display)图像。成分结果56例中下颌骨正中颏部骨折12例、下颌骨颏孔部骨折17例、下颌骨下颌角部骨折11例、髁状突颈部骨折8例,髁状突错位7例,喙状突骨折1例。其中线性31例,粉碎性18例,错位7例。结论16层螺旋CT对下颌骨及颞颌关节骨折三维重组能够直观、立体、多角度的显示出骨折,具有较高临床应用价值。     

MRI诊断颞下颌关节损伤的价值

目的:探讨MRI诊断颞下颌关节损伤的应用价值。材料和方法:对30例颞下颌关节损伤患者于外伤后3～20天内行颞下颌关节MRI检查,MRI扫描序列包括闭口斜矢状位T1WI、PDWI、斜冠状位T1WI、T2WI,张口斜矢状位T1WI、PDWI。由两位资深放射科医师分析MRI表现。结果:30例共60个颞下颌关节中发现18个髁状突骨折,9个骨损伤,29个关节盘移位,26个关节囊积液、积血。结论:MRI能很好的显示颞下颌关节的骨折、骨损伤以及关节盘与关节囊损伤情况,是颞下颌关节损伤的重要检查与评价手段,具有很高的临床应用价值。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.