永存三叉动脉MRA表现及临床意义

目的 探讨永存三叉动脉(persistent trigeminai artery, PTA)的磁共振血管造影(MRA)表现及其临床意义.资料与方法 回顾性分析MRA检查中诊断为PTA者20例的影像资料.所有患者均行颅脑MRA,部分患者行颅脑MRI平扫,颅脑扫描序列包括轴位T2WI、T1WI、液体衰减反转恢复技术(FLAIR)和矢状位T1WI.由两位高年资医师盲法观察颅脑MRA及MRI图像.结果 20例中,12例左侧颈内动脉与基底动脉吻合,8例右侧颈内动脉与基底动脉吻合.Sahzman分型:Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱ型9例.后交通动脉开放者9例.椎动脉发育不良较常见.结论 MRA能清楚显示PTA的形态、走行及其与邻近组织结构的关系,对外科手术有一定的指导作用.     

永存三叉动脉

永存三叉动脉为四支永存颈内－基底吻合中最常见的一支，其临床意义仍存在着争论。本综述了永存三叉动脉的胚胎发育过程、解剖特点、相关血管异常、可能的临床意义和影像学评价。     

永存三叉动脉合并椎动脉血管异常

永存三叉动脉(persistent trigeminal artery，PTA)又名持续性三叉动脉或原始三叉动脉(primitive trigeminal aftery)，是成人最常见的1种永久性颈内动脉(ICA)和椎基底动脉异常吻合血管，属比较罕见的1种脑血管异常，而同时合并其他脑血管异常在临床上更少见报道，笔者报告2例如下。     

永存三叉动脉分型的影像学表现及临床意义

目的探讨永存三叉动脉(persistent trigeminal artery,PTA)分型的影像学表现及临床意义。方法回顾性分析CTA和MRA诊断的24例PTA影像学资料,根据Weon法对其分型,总结各类型的起源、走行、后循环供血、合并其他的血管变异。结果24例PTA患者中,左侧11例,右侧13例。依据Weon法分型,1型13例,2型1例,3型7例,4型1例,5a型2例。PTA合并基底动脉发育不良11例、基底动脉部分缺如3例。基底动脉开窗畸形2例,大脑前动脉A1段变异7例。结论PTA是一种罕见的脑血管变异,影像学能准确显示其分型,有助于降低外科和介入治疗风险,具有较高的临床价值。     

基于头颈部CT动脉成像的永存原始三叉动脉分型

目的 利用头颈部CT动脉成像方法探讨永存原始三叉动脉(PPTA)的科学分型方法及其临床意义.方法 回顾性分析经头颈部CT动脉成像检查诊断为PPTA的25例患者的图像,依据Weon法和Salas法将其分型,并对PPTA合并基底动脉发育不良的程度进行分级.结果 25例PPTA,左侧13例,右侧12例.起源于颈内动脉海绵窦段(C4段)24例,1例起源于颈内动脉终末段(C1段).起源于颈内动脉C4段的24例中,依据Salas法分型,外侧型23例,中间型1例;依据Weon法分型,1型11例,2型3例,3型5例,4型3例,5型2例.PPTA合并基底动脉发育不良的分级为0度5例,1度6例,2度4例,3度7例,4度3例.结论 PPTA的Weon分型和Salas分型辅以基底动脉发育不良程度分级能够更加全面地涵盖PPTA的各种解剖特点,准确地评价PPTA的各种变异,清晰地揭示临床症状和外科手术风险,具有临床推广应用价值.     

永存三叉动脉的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)在诊断永存三叉动脉(PTA)中的价值。资料与方法回顾性分析2546例行头颅64层螺旋CTA检查者中的10例PTA患者的影像学资料,分析PTA的发生率、起源、走行、后循环供血及合并其他血管畸形的情况。结果 (1)PTA的发生率为0.39%(10/2546),其中1例位于右侧,9例位于左侧。(2)三叉动脉均起自颈内动脉海绵窦段,血管走行外侧型8例,中央型2例;按Saltzman分型显示PTA后循环供血情况:Ⅰ型7例,Ⅱ型1例,Ⅲ型2例。(3)吻合点近端的基底动脉及双侧椎动脉发育不良7例。结论 64层CTA能清晰、准确地显示PTA的走行及后循环供血情况。     

640层螺旋CT血管成像对永存三叉动脉的诊断价值

目的探讨640层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)对永存三叉动脉的诊断价值,提高对此类血管变异的认识,并分析其临床意义。方法回顾性分析1146例行脑动脉或头颈动脉联合CTA检查中4例永存三叉动脉(PTA)患者的影像学资料,并分析其临床意义。结果 1)PTA发生率为0.35%(4/1146),所有PTA患者均为单侧,其中1例位于右侧,3例位于左侧;2)PTA其起自于海绵窦段后侧壁,其中根据血管走形与外展神经关系,分为外侧型(3例)、内侧型(1例)。根据Weon分型显示后循环血供:Ⅱ型2例,Ⅲ型1例,特殊类型1例;3)4例病例均出现吻合口以下基底动脉发育不良或未发育,其中1例合并双侧椎动脉发育不良,1例合并对侧颈内动脉发育不良。结论 640层螺旋CT能快速、无创、清晰显示PTA位置、形态、走行及其毗邻关系,还可以发现是否合并其它脑血管疾病,是诊断PTA有效且首选检查方法。在外科手术及介入治疗前,了解这种变异血管,更加有助于治疗方案的制定。     

永存三叉动脉的磁共振血管成像诊断(附24例分析)

目的:以大宗病例运用磁共振血管成像(MRA)检测颅内动脉,以期评估其对永存三叉动脉(PPTA)的诊断价值,并对Saltzman分型法进行补充.方法:自2007年6月至2008年9月,于我院行头颅MRA检查者4650人(男性1977人,女性2673人).采用3D-TOF成像法,容积显示图像重建法.根据MRA显示PPTA及原始图像上血管走行,按Saltzman标准分型分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型,并根据PPTA止于小脑上动脉、小脑前下动脉、小脑后下动脉,吻合于大脑后动脉,分支状无吻合将Ⅲ型分为a、b、c、d、e五个亚型.结果:检出PPTA24例,患病率为0.52%.Saltzman Ⅰ型16.67%,Sahzman Ⅱ型16.67%,Sahzman Ⅲ型66.66%(Ⅲ a 0%,Ⅲ b 18.75%、Ⅲc0%、Ⅲd 6.25%、Ⅲ e 75%).结论:磁共振血管成像可明确诊断PPTA,亦可根据动脉结构与形态间接评估其血流动力学特征.     

永存颈内-基底动脉吻合变异与动脉瘤发生风险相关性研究

目的:探讨永存颈内-基底动脉吻合变异各类型与动脉瘤发生风险的相关性研究。方法:回顾性分析93例永存颈内-基底动脉吻合变异患者的多排螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)资料及临床资料,将其作为研究组,并纳入同期120例MSCTA检查患者作为对照组,并筛选出两组中动脉瘤患者。通过皮尔逊卡方检验统计两组之间动脉瘤发生率差异性,以及各类型永存颈内-基底动脉吻合变异患者中动脉瘤发生率的差异性。结果:永存颈内-基底动脉吻合变异患者93例,合并动脉瘤患者为20例,发生率为21.5%,具体类型及其例数为永存三叉动脉(17/79),永存舌下动脉(2/6),永存寰前节间动脉(1/8)。永存动脉出现动脉瘤6例,除永存动脉外头颈部其他动脉出现动脉瘤12例,另外2例为永存动脉与其他动脉同时出现动脉瘤。研究组与对照组之间动脉瘤发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但研究组中头颈部其他动脉的动脉瘤发生率与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05)。永存颈内-基底动脉各类型之间动脉瘤的发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:永存颈内-基底动脉吻合变异增加动脉瘤发生风险,但并不会增加永存动脉以外头颈部其他动脉发生动...     

永存原始三叉动脉供血颈动脉-海绵窦瘘1例北大核心CSCD

1临床资料患者女,51岁。因“左侧头部及面部搏动性疼痛伴头晕、耳鸣2个月”入院。患者既往身体健康,查体可闻及左侧眼球后搏动性血管杂音,左侧眼球突出伴球结膜水肿。患者入院后行全脑血管造影见左侧永存原始三叉动脉供血的颈动脉-海绵窦瘘(carotid-cavernous sinus fistula,CCF),原始三叉动脉两端分别与左侧颈内动脉海绵窦段及左侧小脑上动脉相连,左侧小脑上动脉远端未见显影,主要经眼上静脉、岩上窦、基底窦、直窦引流(图1)。     

Persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated with aneurysm: report of two cases and review of the literature

We present two cases of persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) associated with a giant aneurysm originating at the opening of the PPTA on the internal carotid artery (ICA). In one case, opening of the PPTA occurred 4 months after balloon occlusion of the ICA, when a giant aneurysm located at the cavernous segment of the ICA was being treated. The PPTA was occluded successfully using a Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC). A vertebral artery approach was taken. This is the first report of the opening of a PPTA associated with contrast filling of the aneurysm after balloon occlusion of the parent artery. The possibility of contrast filling of the aneurysm via potential PPTA should therefore be considered in the event of an ICA aneurysm with parent artery occlusion.     

Persistent trigeminal artery associated with trigeminal neuralgia: hypothesis of neurovascular compression

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) associated with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Methods From January 1998 to January 2004, 288 MRI scans of patients examined for trigeminal deficits were retrospectively evaluated. MRI was performed at 1.5 T. Scan protocols included cerebral TSE T2-weighted imaging, contrast enhanced SE T1-weighted imaging and thin-section 3D T2-weighted imaging of the temporal bones, 3D TOF pre- and postcontrast MR angiography. TN was defined as episodes of intense stabbing, electric shock-like pain in areas of the face supplied by the trigeminal branches. Neurovascular compression (NVC) was assumed to be present if the patient showed clinical features of TN, if there was contact between an artery and the trigeminal nerve on the affected side, and if other pathology had been excluded. The prevalence and confidence intervals were calculated (95% CI of the prevalence was based on the exact binomial distribution). Results Of 288 patients, 136 matched the criteria for TN. In this series a PTA was detected in three patients, which in all patients was on the same side as the TN. The prevalence of a PTA in patients presenting with TN was 2.2% (CI 0.005–0.06). Conclusion Previous studies have shown PTA as an incidental finding in 0.1–0.6% of cerebral angiograms. The prevalence of a PTA in patients with TN was 2.2%. With respect to the clinical significance, a PTA has to be considered in TN and the diagnosis of a PTA can easily be made using MR imaging/angiography.     

Balloon-assisted coil embolization of a posterior cerebral artery aneurysm via a persistent primitive trigeminal artery: technical note

Introduction We present a patient with an acutely ruptured, wide-necked aneurysm of the left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) treated with Guglielmi detachable coils using the remodeling technique.Methods Since the left vertebral artery was compressed due to a tumor in the cerebellopontine angle and the right vertebral artery was hypoplastic, we used a carotid artery approach via a persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA) to selectively catheterize the aneurysm.Results The aneurysm was occluded completely.Conclusion To our knowledge this is the first case of a wide-necked PCA aneurysm treated via a PPTA and using the remodeling technique. In patients with hypoplastic vertebral arteries and a PPTA, this approach may represent an alternative for selective embolization of posterior circulation aneurysms not amenable to the conventional approach.     

MRI of basilar artery hypoplasia associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery

We report three patients with persistent trigeminal arteries, in all of whom the proximal basilar artery was hypoplastic. We draw attention to this common observation, which should not be mistaken for acquired narrowing.     

Persistent trigeminal artery: Unusual associated abnormalities

Summary Multiple cases of vascular abnormalities associated with the persistent trigeminal artery or a variant thereof are presented. A persistent otic artery variant is the only known such case in the literature     

Persistent trigeminal artery variants detected by MR angiography

Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) variants are cerebellar arteries that originate directly from the precavernous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The goal of our study was to determine the incidence and MR angiographic features of PTA variants. Between April 1996 and September 1999, 523 cranial MR angiographies were performed at our institution. Most of the patients examined had or were suspected of having cerebrovascular disease. We retrospectively reviewed these 523 MR angiograms. A 1.5-T scanner was used in all studies, and maximum intensity projection (MIP) images obtained using the three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D TOF) technique were displayed stereoscopically. Four PTA variants were detected on MR angiograms, at a rate of 0.76 %. At least three of the four PTA variants were anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICAs), small tortuous arteries arising from the precavernous portions of the ICAs and taking a posterior course. Although the clinical significance is not great, we found a relatively high incidence of PTA variants on MR angiograms. We stress that knowledge and recognition of these anomalous cerebellar arteries are useful and important in the interpretation of cranial MR angiograms. Received: 4 November 1999; Revised: 16 February 2000; Accepted: 16 March 2000     

Primitive trigeminal artery associated with an ipsilateral intracavernous giant aneurysm—A case report

Summary A case of primitive trigeminal artery associated with an ipsilateral intracavernous giant aneurysm is reported and the difficulty in treating this aneurysm is discussed.     

原始三叉动脉的分型特点及与脑梗死的相关性

目的探讨原始三叉动脉(persistent trigeminal artery, PTA)的分型和血供特点及与脑梗死的相关性。方法回顾性分析92例经CTA和MRA检查出的PTA的影像学资料,分析其分型、血供特点及与脑梗死的相关性。结果 92例PTA患者的平均发病年龄为(59.6±17.5)岁,其中,男性38例(41.3%),女性54例(58.7%),女性高于男性。CTA发现36例(39.1%),MRA发现56例(60.9%)。41例位于右侧(44.6%),51例位于左侧(55.4%),未发现双侧型。按Weon分型,Ⅰ型29例(31.5%),Ⅱ型18例(19.6%),Ⅲ型20例(21.7%),Ⅳ型13例(14.1%),Ⅴ型5例(5.4%),特殊类型7例(7.6%)。按Salas分型,外侧型69例(75%),中间型23例(25%)。合并基底动脉发育不良54例(58.7%)(含双椎动脉颅内段发育不良47例),Ⅰ型14例(48.3%),Ⅱ型15例(83.3%),Ⅲ型12例(60.0%),Ⅳ型8例(61.5%),Ⅴ型3例(60.0%),特殊类型2例(28.6%),以Ⅱ型合并基底动脉发育不良的比例最大。伴有脑梗死35例(38.0%),Ⅰ型8例(27.6%),Ⅱ型11例(61.1%),Ⅲ型7例(35.0%),Ⅳ型6例(46.2%),Ⅴ型2例(40.0%),特殊类型1例(14.3%),以Ⅱ型伴发脑梗死的比例最高。结论 CTA和MRA可较好的显示PTA的解剖特点及其分型,辅以椎-基底动脉发育不良的情况,能更为全面的诠释各型PTA的血液循环特点,评估与脑梗死的相关性,对临床具有指导意义。     

Congenital absence of the internal carotid artery and the basilar artery with persistent trigeminal artery associated with coarctation of the aorta

We report a case of congenital absence of the cervical and petrous part of the left internal carotid artery, the middle and proximal part of the basilar artery, and the V4 segment of the left vertebral artery associated with a left persistent trigeminal artery and a coarctation of the aorta. The left cerebral vessels are supplied via the anterior communicating artery and the left persistent trigeminal artery. The coexisting coarctation of the aorta led to a subclavian steal phenomenon. The alteration of the cerebral hemodynamics has to be taken in consideration when performing cerebral angiography and surgical correction in such a case. Received: 16 November 1999; Revised: 20 April 2000; Accepted: 20 April 2000     

Persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated to aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery: a case report

We report the case of a patient that presented with an intense headache caused by a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated the existence of an aneurysm of the left posterior communicating artery, as well as of a persistent primitive trigeminal artery.