珠海市88例恙虫病临床特征分析

目的：分析珠海市恙虫病的临床特点,提高临床诊断及治疗水平。方法回顾性分析珠海市88例恙虫病患者的临床资料,探讨其临床特点。结果65例患者（73.86%）发病前有草地/树林接触史。临床表现主要有发热（100%）、头痛（63.64%）、乏力（39.33%）、咳嗽（35.23%）,淋巴结肿大（47.73%）、肝脾肿大（35.22%）、皮疹（29.55%）及特异性焦痂/溃疡（95.45%）等。外周血白细胞计数多正常（71.59%）,可伴有嗜酸性粒细胞减少（78.41%）、血小板减少（38.64%）,合并肝损害多见（87.5%）。共有84例患者送检外斐试验98例次,变形杆菌OXK凝集反应阳性效价12例次,阳性率12.24%。氯霉素、米诺环素、多西环素、克拉霉素治疗均有效。结论恙虫病临床表现多样,常累及多个系统,焦痂/溃疡为其最具诊断价值的特异体征,需仔细查体以免误诊。外斐试验阳性率低,不能单独做为诊断依据。氯霉素、四环素类及大环内酯类抗生素治疗效果好。     

五例恙虫病东方体感染基因型及其基因变异

目的旨在了解浙闽地区人群恙虫病东方体感染的基因型,并分析其基因变异。 方法从浙闽地区5例散发恙虫病发热期患者血中分离病原体并进行细胞培养;提取感染细胞DNA,巢式PCR扩增完整恙虫病东方体56-kD型特异性抗原（TSA）基因和热休克蛋白基因（groESL）并测序;采用MEGA 7.0软件,进行序列比对和系统发育分析。 结果病原学确认5例恙虫病患者,并分离到恙虫病东方体菌株。序列比对表明,5菌株中有2株的56-kD TSA基因和groESL基因100%一致,另2菌株的此二个基因序列一致性亦为100%,分别将两组菌暂时命名为浙江-1型和浙江-2型。56-kDa TSA基因比对和系统发育分析表明,浙江-1型和浙江-2型分别与台湾-A基因型和Gilliam-C基因型亲缘较近（98.45%和98.50%）,但有明显变异;另1株菌Wuj/2014与台湾-A基因型高度相似（99.94%）。56-kDa TSA基因各基因型支系的时间树分析表明,台湾-A基因型、浙江-1型和浙江-2型3支系与祖先的分歧时间相对其他原型株晚,尤其是浙江-2型,说明这些基因型或亚型在恙虫病东方体的进化过程中出现较晚。 结论本研究病例所感染恙虫病东方体基因型不同,可能为未被认识的新的基因亚型,迫切需要进行全基因组测序确认,并探讨其基因变异与人恙虫病严重程度间的关系。     

山东省泰安地区37例恙虫病患者临床分析

恙虫病（tsutsugamushi disease）是一种由恙螨传播的自然疫源性疾病。病原体为恙虫病立克次体,鼠类为主要传染源,通过恙螨幼虫叮咬传播。临床上以叮咬部位特征性焦痂或溃疡形成、发热、皮疹、淋巴结肿大、肝脾肿大及外周血白细胞数减少为特征。为了解恙虫病患者的临床、生化及免疫学特征,笔者对山东省泰安地区37例恙虫病患者的临床资料进行了分析。     

四环素外敷治疗恙虫病焦痂的观察与护理

目的:总结恙虫病病人的焦痂与溃疡使用四环素外敷的效果.方法:对我院2008～2010年收治的6例恙虫病患者的焦痂与清疡部位进行外敷混合四环素粉末的四环素软膏治疗.结果:取得全部治愈.结论:四环素外敷治疗恙虫病焦痂疗效满意,值得推荐使用.     

恙虫病61例的护理体会

恙虫病是由恙虫病立克次体引起的急性自然疫源性传染病,鼠类为主要传染源,恙虫幼虫（恙螨）为传播媒介。恙虫病以高热、皮疹、焦痂和淋巴结肿大为特征,合并症多。我院曾收治61例恙虫病患者,现将其护理体会总结如下。     

安徽地区一起恙虫病暴发流行的调查分析

目的 对安徽滁州地区一起新发恙虫病暴发流行进行调查分析,以了解其流行病学特点和临床发病情况.方法 应用<恙虫病个案调查表>对病例进行流行病学调查,采用胶体金免疫色谱法检测患者血清中的恙虫病东方体抗体IgG和IgM和通过外斐反应检测患者血清中的特异抗体进行诊断.结果 2007年11月某部在安徽滁州地区野外训练作业后陆续出现恙虫病病例19例.所有患者发病前均有在该地区野外作业史,临床主要表现为发热、头痛、皮肤焦痂、淋巴结肿大和脾肿大等,并发症较轻,经正确使用强力霉素治疗均有效缓解.结论 该地区出现恙虫病暴发流行尚属首次报道.为针对性的预防和控制该地区恙虫病的发生和流行、保障野外训练和作业的安全和战斗力提供了依据.强力霉素是治疗恙虫病的有效药物.     

恙虫病临床特点分析

目的研究恙虫病的临床特点。方法分析恙虫病患者的临床和实验室检查资料。结果 17例恙虫病患者中出现皮肤焦痂及溃疡者15例（88.2%）,部位分别在腰、胸、下腹、腹股沟、骶尾及肛周、腋下、阴囊等处;数量多为1个,平均直径为1.2cm,表面干燥呈黑色,不伴疼痛及瘙痒,焦痂脱落后形成浅溃疡。伴有焦痂附近浅表淋巴结肿大者12例（70.6%）,伴有皮肤出疹者11例（64.7%）,首诊时未发现焦痂患者占58.8%（10例）。出现肝功能异常患者9例（52.9%）,伴支气管炎和肺部感染患者5例（29.4%）,心肌酶谱异常者4例（23.5%）,其他表现包括脾肿大、血小板减少、尿潜血阳性、尿蛋白阳性、腹泻、大便潜血阳性等。结论恙虫病患病临床表现多样,常见多系统受损。皮肤焦痂是本病的重要特征,其发生率高、形态独特,但发生部位较散在而隐蔽,体检若不仔细则易漏检和误诊。皮疹和焦痂附近浅表淋巴结肿大是也是本病常见表现。本病临床表现多样、易复杂化。加强认识、认真查体是防止该病误诊的重要手段。     

21例恙虫病患者护理分析

恙虫病是东方立克欢体引起的自然疫源性急性传染病。国内多以散发为主，部分地区呈暴发流行趋势[1]。现就病人的发病情况、临床表现、并发症、预后等护理问题进行如下分析。1临床资料我院1990年至1996年8月收治恙虫病患者21例，男9例，女12例，年龄5～68岁，平均40．3岁．1990～1993年7例，1994～1996年14例。本组发病高峰季节（6～9月）发病的共16例（762％）。21例中17例（80．9％）有野外活动史，其中以农民最多，占85．7％。2临床表现及护理2．1高热；高热为恙虫病的主要症状。本组病例中体温＞39℃者19例占90．5％，发热时间＞10d的18…     

恙虫病致急性上消化道大出血、多器官功能衰竭经动脉栓塞止血抢救成功一例及文献复习

目的提升对恙虫病(TD)所致上消化道大出血(UGB)、多器官功能衰竭综合征(MOFS)和多器官功能损伤(MOD)的认知。方法分析1例58岁TD男性患者并发UGB、MOFS和MOD的救治经过。结果患者以“发热4 d,皮疹2 d”入院,发病前有野外游玩史,左侧小腿可见1个1.5 cm×1.5 cm焦痂,周围火山口样脱屑,左侧腹股沟淋巴结肿大。实验室检查提示丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Scr)、降钙素原(PCT)、羟丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CKim)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)升高,超敏C-反应蛋白(hCRP)升高,嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)降为“0”,根据“恙虫病积分诊断量表”、恙虫病东方体抗体阳性、焦痂恙虫病东方体阳性结果,临床和病原学诊断为“TD伴MOD”。入院第3天反复发生UGB,实验室检查显示ALT、AST、BUN、Scr、PCT、HBDH、CKim、LDH、hCRP进一步升高,血小板(PLT)迅速下降,凝血功能异常,并发生MOFS(循环衰竭、呼吸衰竭),临床诊断为“TD合并MOF(循环衰竭、呼吸衰竭)、MOD(肝脏、肾脏、血液系统)和脓毒血症”,在气管插管辅助呼吸、抗休克、器官保护下,经上腹部多层螺旋CT和数字减影血管造影术检查确定为胃左动脉分支出血致胃出血,对出血血管栓塞止血。恢复期胃镜检查提示出血性溃疡,组织病理学显示炎症反应。本文在国内外首次报道TD致UGB、MOF、MOD、脓毒血症的临床治愈病例。结论TD可引起出血性溃疡,导致UGB、MOF,准确病原学治疗,及时介入止血治疗是抢救成功的关键。     

恙虫病基础和临床诊治研究进展

对恙虫病防治基础和临床研究最新进展进行综述,为提升恙虫病防治水平提供理论依据。通过万方数据、维普网、中国知网以"恙虫病"为检索词,检索时间为2015年1月至2017年6月,检出文章共238篇。对检出文献进行筛查、整理、综合、综述,发现恙虫病发病率近年来急剧升高,但医务人员对其认识不足,导致误诊、误治发生率高。医务人员特别是基层和非疫区医务人员对该病认知不足,病史询问和体检不详细;确诊方法阳性率低、特异性差。提高对恙虫病发病的认识,恙虫病的热型为稽留热、弛张热,热度为高热或超高热;仔细查体寻找焦痂、皮疹是减少误诊的首要步骤;通过恙虫病东方体检测、恙虫病东方体Ig M检测为确诊恙虫病的关键;血常规(白细胞总数下降、嗜酸性粒细胞下降)、降钙素原(升高)、多器官功能损害证据等对恙虫病确诊具有重要意义。     

Massive small bowel bleeding caused by scrub typhus in Korea

A 79-year-old man was diagnosed with scrub typhus based on fever, eschar, skin rash and a markedly elevated serum tsutsugamushi antibody and doxycycline was started. Five days later, hematochezia developed and multiple small bowel ulcerations with hemorrhage were seen on colonoscopy. Despite intensive therapy, the massive hematochezia worsened and the distal small bowel was resected. Multiple ulcerated lesions were identified pathologically as vasculitis caused by scrub typhus. This is the first reported case of pathologically proven small bowel involvement in scrub typhus infection.     

Scrub Typhus: A Frequently Overlooked Cause of Acute Renal Failure

Acute renal failure associated with scrub typhus infection is not rare as previously thought. The possibility of scrub typhus should be borne in mind when patients present with fever and varying degrees of acute renal failure, particularly if an eschar exists, along with a history of environmental exposure in an area like Taiwan, where scrub typhus is endemic. Prompt diagnosis and the use of appropriate antibiotics can rapidly alter the clinical course of the disease and prevent the development of serious or fatal complications. To illustrate the above point, this study reports 3 cases of scrub typhus associated with acute renal failure. They were seen at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in a 2-year interval. Case 1 was referred from district hospital with clinical features of multiple organ dysfunctions, including shock, fever, acute respiratory failure, acute renal failure, and acute hepatitis. Case 2 was admitted with the chief problems of shock, fever, acute renal failure, and DIC. Case 3 visited our outpatient clinic due to fever, maculopapular rash and acute renal failure. In all these patients, the diagnosis was confirmed using immunofluorescence techniques, which showed that Orientia tsutsugamushi had an IgM titer of 1:80 or greater. Notably, despite having varying degrees of acute renal deterioration, the patients responded very well to doxycycline therapy and recovered completely. Additionally, a total of 4 similar cases of scrub typhus associated with acute renal failure were reviewed from th past literature.     

Scrub typhus: a frequently overlooked cause of acute renal failure

Acute renal failure associated with scrub typhus infection is not rare as previously thought. The possibility of scrub typhus should be borne in mind when patients present with fever and varying degrees of acute renal failure, particularly if an eschar exists, along with a history of environmental exposure in an area like Taiwan, where scrub typhus is endemic. Prompt diagnosis and the use of appropriate antibiotics can rapidly alter the clinical course of the disease and prevent the development of serious or fatal complications. To illustrate the above point, this study reports 3 cases of scrub typhus associated with acute renal failure. They were seen at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in a 2-year interval. Case 1 was referred from district hospital with clinical features of multiple organ dysfunctions, including shock, fever, acute respiratory failure, acute renal failure, and acute hepatitis. Case 2 was admitted with the chief problems of shock, fever, acute renal failure, and DIC. Case 3 visited our outpatient clinic due to fever, maculopapular rash and acute renal failure. In all these patients, the diagnosis was confirmed using immunofluorescence techniques, which showed that Orientia tsutsugamushi had an IgM titer of 1:80 or greater. Notably, despite having varying degrees of acute renal deterioration, the patients responded very well to doxycycline therapy and recovered completely. Additionally, a total of 4 similar cases of scrub typhus associated with acute renal failure were reviewed from the past literature.     

Acute transverse myelitis following scrub typhus: A case report and review of the literature

Context: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. The disease can usually involve the lungs, heart, liver, spleen and brain through hematogenous dissemination. However, very rarely, acute transverse myelitis in the spinal cord develops from scrub typhus. We present a case of acute transverse myelitis following scrub typhus with a review of the literature.

Findings: A 66-year-old male visited a hospital for general myalgia, mild headache, and fever in October. He was noted to have thick, black papule skin on his abdomen, which was highly suggestive of scrub typhus. To confirm the diagnosis, O. tsutsugamushi antibody titers were examined and detected highly in serum by an indirect fluorescence antibody assay. Doxycycline, the standard treatment for scrub typhus, was administered. However, after seven days of treatment, he rapidly developed weakness in the right leg, paresthesia in both lower limbs, and voiding difficulty. Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed lesions with high signal intensity involving the spinal cord at the thoracolumbar junction. Paraparesis gradually improved following steroid pulse therapy for five days. At one-year follow-up, he could walk without cane.

Conclusions: Orientia tsutsugamushi causes scrub typhus, which can affect not only the brain, but also the spinal cord. Although acute transverse myelitis develops rarely from scrub typhus, this should be considered as differential diagnosis in patients of fever with neurological deficit in endemic areas.     

肺吸虫病"积分诊断量表"的建立——临床表现联合实验室和影像学检查

目的根据肺吸虫病（LFD）临床表现、实验室检查、影像学检查建立LFD"积分诊断量表"，以提高LFD诊断水平。 方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2019年6月十堰市人民医院（湖北医药学院附属人民医院）临床确诊的56例LFD患者的临床资料。记录患者的临床症状、体征、流行病学史；分析白细胞（WBC）、嗜酸性粒细胞计数（EOS）、血小板（PLT）计数，浆膜腔积液指标、组织病理检查、痰涂片细胞学培养；分析核磁共振成像（MRI）、多层螺旋CT（MSCT）、彩色多普勒超声检查结果。将肺吸虫定植部位胸肺部、皮下、脑脊髓、腹部症状和（或）体征每个部位积分2分。将LFD个人史（生食溪蟹或蝲蛄、饮生水）记2分。将WBC 10 × 10⁹/L记0分，每增加1 × 10⁹/L记0.1分。将EOS 0.30 × 10⁹/L记0分，每增加0.03 × 10⁹/L计0.1分。将PLT 300 × 10⁹/L记0分，每增加10 × 10⁹/L计0.1分。将浆膜腔积液EOS增高、组织EOS浸润每项计2分。将MRI、MSCT、超声等检测出胸肺、皮下、脑脊髓、腹腔病灶每一个脏器病灶计2分。将组织发现肺吸虫虫体或虫卵、痰液或大便发现肺吸虫虫卵直接计8分。根据传染病诊断标准，进行LFD病原学确诊的肺吸虫抗原皮内实验（PAIT）和肺吸虫抗体检测（ELISA-PAb）。"积分诊断量表"阳性患者与PAIT和ELISA-PAb对比分析"积分诊断量表"诊断LFD的敏感性和特异性。 结果根据患者临床表现（临床症状和体征、个人史）、实验室检查、影像学检查结果建立LFD"积分诊断量表"，当患者积分达9.31分以上，通过临床表现（病史、体检），实验室、影像学、病理学检查排除引起EOS升高的嗜酸性粒细胞增多症等相关疾病，提示LFD可能。"积分诊断量表"积分越高，LFD可能性越大。LFD患者积分为9.31～25.58。"积分诊断量表"诊断LFD的敏感性100%，特异性93.33%。 结论"积分诊断量表"诊断LFD敏感性和特异性好，适用于LFD临床诊断。