市售国产婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌污染情况调查

目的了解成都市市售国产婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌污染情况,为制定婴幼儿配方奶粉阪崎肠杆菌的限量标准提供科学依据。方法对2006-09/2007-03采集的80份市售婴幼儿配方奶粉进行菌落总数、大肠菌群及阪崎肠杆菌的检测,并对分离的阪崎肠杆菌进行药敏试验。结果所有检测样品中,有5份样品检出阪崎肠杆菌,阳性率为6.25%,且其中4份样品的菌落总数、大肠菌群均合格。分离的阪崎肠杆菌对常用抗生素普遍敏感。结论市售国产婴幼儿配方奶粉中存在少量阪崎肠杆菌污染,应尽快制定婴幼儿配方奶粉中适宜的阪崎肠杆菌微生物限量标准和相应检验方法。     

批发市场销售国产配方奶粉及婴幼儿食品中阪崎肠杆菌污染情况调查

目的了解批发市场销售的国产配方奶粉及婴幼儿食品中阪崎肠杜菌污染情况。方法参照GB/T4789.40-2008规定的阪崎肠杆菌的检验方法对69份样品进行检测。对检出的阪崎肠杆菌进行药敏检测。结果 69份国产配方奶粉及婴幼儿食品中共检出16株阪崎肠杆菌。16株菌均对临床常用的针对G-菌的抗生素普遍敏感。结论批发市场销售的国产配方奶粉及婴幼儿食品中阪崎肠杆菌污染严重,应引起有关部门的重视。     

成都市市售国产婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌污染情况调查

目的了解成都市市售的国产婴幼儿配方奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的污染情况。方法对2006年9月至2007年3月采集的80份市售婴幼儿配方奶粉进行菌落总数、大肠菌群及阪崎肠杆菌的检测,并对分离的阪崎肠杆菌进行药敏试验。结果所有检测样品中,有5份样品检出阪崎肠杆菌,阳性率为6.25%,且其中4份样品的菌落总数、大肠菌群均合格。分离的阪崎肠杆菌对常用抗生素普遍敏感。结论中国市售的国产婴幼儿配方奶粉中存在少量的阪崎肠杆菌污染。     

深圳市婴幼儿配方粉阪崎肠杆菌检测情况分析

目的了解深圳市婴幼儿配方粉阪崎肠杆菌的污染情况,评估深圳市婴儿感染风险。方法对抽取的144份婴幼儿配方粉进行阪崎肠杆菌荧光定量PCR检测,同时参照GB/T4789.40-2008《阪崎肠杆菌检验》进行分离培养、鉴定。结果共5份样品经荧光定量PCR检测出阪崎肠杆菌阳性;1份进口样品分离出菌株。结论深圳市进口婴幼儿配方粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染隐患。需加大抽样检测比例,并加强检验监管力度     

深圳市售进口婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌污染状况调查

目的了解深圳市进口婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌的污染情况。方法对抽取的79份进口婴幼儿配方奶粉和米粉进行阪崎肠杆菌荧光定量PCR检测,同时参照GB/T4789.40-2008进行分离培养、鉴定。结果共6份样品经荧光定量PCR检测出阪崎肠杆菌阳性;其中一份分离出菌株。结论深圳市进口婴幼儿配方粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染隐患。     

深圳乳制品和环境中阪崎肠杆菌污染状况调查

目的 了解深圳市乳制品中阪崎肠杆菌的污染状况,分析其可能的污染途径.方法 对抽取的195份乳制品及41份环境样品进行阪崎肠杆菌荧光定量PCR检测,同时参照GB/T4789.40-2008进行分离培养和鉴定.结果 共8份乳制品和12份环境样品经荧光PCR检测,为阪崎肠杆菌阳性;其中1份婴幼儿进口配方奶粉、2份新鲜挤出牛奶和4份环境样品分离出菌株.结论 深圳市售进口婴幼儿配方粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染隐患.医院婴儿养育环境中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染;生奶及奶场环境阪崎肠杆菌污染风险很高.     

北京市售国产婴幼儿配方奶粉及婴幼儿食品带染阪崎肠杆菌调查

目的：了解北京市场上国产婴幼儿配方奶粉及婴幼儿食品的阪崎肠杆菌污染状况。方法：应用FDA推荐的方法及中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫局行业标准中的＂奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌检测方法＂SN/T1632.1-2005方法。结果：对88件婴幼儿配方奶粉及91件婴幼儿食品进行检测,共检出11株阪崎肠杆菌。结论：婴幼儿配方粉及婴幼儿食品中阪崎肠杆菌带染问题不容忽视,存在严重潜在危险。     

广州市售国产婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌污染调查

目的:了解广州市售国产婴幼儿配方粉中阪崎肠杆菌的污染状况。方法:对市售111份国产婴幼儿配方粉进行阪崎肠杆菌分离培养,对分离株进行生化鉴定,荧光PCR检测及17种抗生素的药敏分析。结果:共检出6株阪崎肠杆菌(检出率5.41%),其中配方牛奶粉3株(检出率4.41%),配方羊奶粉1株(检出率11.11%),配方米粉2株(检出率5.88%);6株阪崎肠杆菌对头孢噻吩耐药率100%,对头孢唑啉耐药率66.67%,对其余抗生素普遍敏感。结论:广州市售国产婴幼儿配方粉中存在阪崎肠杆菌污染,食用安全隐患不容忽视。     

奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌PCR检测方法的建立

[目的]建立奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的PCR检测方法。[方法]根据阪崎肠杆菌zpx基因设计引物建立PCR检测方法,进行方法的特异性验证和灵敏度检测,并对模拟样品和实际奶粉样品进行检测。[结果]所建立的阪崎肠杆菌PCR检测方法的纯菌检测灵敏度达102cfu/ml,6株阪崎肠杆菌菌株PCR扩增均可扩增出180bp的目的条带,而31株非阪崎肠杆菌则无目的条带出现;模拟阪崎肠杆菌污染样品经前增菌后均可检出;对实际样品的检测显示该方法与传统的分离培养方法具有较好的一致性。[结论]该方法灵敏度高,特异性强,快速、简便,易于推广,可很好地应用于奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的检测和鉴定。     

国产婴幼儿配方奶粉及婴幼儿米粉中阪崎肠杆菌分离株的药敏分析

目的:了解北京地区市售国产婴幼儿配方奶粉及婴幼儿米粉中阪崎肠杆菌分离株的药物敏感性及耐药性。方法:采用纸片扩散法对11株分离自婴幼儿配方奶粉及婴幼儿米粉中的阪崎肠杆菌进行8大类17种药敏实验。结果:11株阪崎肠杆菌对苯唑西林和一代头孢菌素(头孢噻吩)100%耐药,对替卡西林、亚胺培南、头孢他定、头孢吡肟、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、环丙沙星高度敏感。结论:针对性使用抗生素,减少阪崎肠杆菌耐药,为临床提供合理用药依据。     

婴幼儿配方奶粉中肺炎克雷伯菌与阪崎肠杆菌分离株的药敏分析

目的研究中国婴幼儿配方奶粉中肺炎克雷伯菌及阪崎肠杆菌分离株的药物敏感性。方法采用纸片扩散法测定15株细菌对氨苄西林、头孢唑林、环丙沙星、阿米卡星等8大类共24种抗生素的敏感性。结果 2009年自30份婴幼儿奶粉样品中共分离得到15株肠杆菌科细菌,经生化鉴定,其中肺炎克雷伯菌8株(53.3%),阪崎肠杆菌7株(46.7%)。药敏结果显示:所有菌株对β-内酰胺类抗生素均有不同程度的耐药性,对氟喹诺酮类和氨基糖甙类均敏感。分别有1株肺炎克雷伯菌和1株阪崎肠杆菌几乎对所有头孢类抗生素耐药。结论婴幼儿配方奶粉中肺炎克雷伯菌和阪崎肠杆菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药性较强,其多重耐药性不断的出现对婴幼儿构成了极大的危害。     

Isolation and identification of Enterobacter sakazakii in infant milk formulas

Enterobacter sakazakii is a pathogen of increasing medical concern, due to it being implicated in cases of meningitis, sepis, and necrotizing enterocolitis associated with the consumption of contaminated infant milk formula. At present, the method adopted by the Mexican food industry for the isolation and identification of E. sakazakii is based on the methodology of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, this procedure is laborious and requires 7 days to obtain a confirmative result. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of E. sakazakii in two types of powdered infant milk formula, using an alternative method that requires less time and a smaller sample size than the FDA protocol. We adapted Leuschner's procedure by eliminating violet red bile glucose agar (VRBG) plates and instead adopting white light incubation to stimulate yellow pigment development. This allowed for isolation of E. sakazakii from powdered infant milk formula using a smaller sample and requiring only 5 days for analysis. Results showed that 92% of formula 1 and 32% of formula 2 was positive for E. sakazakii. The high contamination level of E. sakazakii suggests the need for monitoring hygienic conditions in the manufacturing plant and to assess the prevalence of E. sakazakii in powdered infant milk formulas sold in México.     

分子信标-实时PCR法快速检测阪崎肠杆菌的研究

目的:建立分子信标-实时PCR检测婴幼儿乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌的快速方法。方法:根据GenBank公布的阪崎肠杆菌ATCC29544株ompA基因的保守序列,设计引物和分子信标探针,建立阪崎肠杆菌的分子信标-实时PCR技术快速检测,应用于食品检测。结果:检测方法特异性强,无非特异性扩增;分子信标-实时PCR反应体系DNA灵敏度为95fg/PCR反应体系,无交叉反应;以此反应体系检测23份样品,其中3份为阳性,余未检出,与传统检测方法结果一致。结论:分子信标-实时PCR检测体系快速、灵敏度高、特异性强,可用于婴幼儿乳粉中阪崎肠杆菌的快速检测。     

Fortifying fresh human milk with commercial powdered human milk fortifiers does not affect bacterial growth during 6 hours at room temperature

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the growth of resident aerobic mesophilic flora and added Enterobacter sakazakii in fresh, unfortified human milk; fresh human milk fortified with two commercial powdered fortifiers differing in iron content; and infant formula prepared from powder. SUBJECTS: Eight mothers provided preterm breast milk samples. METHODS: Breast milk samples were divided into three aliquots: unfortified, fortified with fortifier containing 1.44 mg iron/14 kcal, and fortified with fortifier containing 0.4 mg iron/14 kcal. Aliquots of formula were prepared. Breast milk and formula aliquots were divided into two test samples. Half were inoculated with low amounts of E sakazakii; half were not. All test samples were maintained at room temperature (22 degrees C), serially diluted, and plated onto agars after 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours. Plates were incubated at 35 degrees C and enumerated. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. P<.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There were no differences in colony counts of aerobic bacteria among uninoculated or among inoculated human milk samples at any time; counts did not increase significantly over 6 hours. There were no differences in colony counts of E sakazakii among inoculated human milk samples at any time; counts did not increase significantly over 6 hours. Aerobic bacteria and E sakazakii colony counts from infant formula did not increase significantly over 6 hours. CONCLUSIONS: During 6 hours at 22 degrees C, fresh human milk and formula had negligible bacterial growth; fortifying human milk with powdered fortifiers did not affect bacterial growth.     

寿司制品中阪崎肠杆菌污染情况调查

目的:了解寿司制品中阪崎肠杆菌的污染状况。方法:采用常规培养鉴定方法、实时荧光PCR方法对40份样品进行阪崎肠杆菌分离鉴定。结果:从40份市售寿司制品中检出4株阳性株,阳性率为10%。2种鉴定方法结果相符。结论:阪崎肠杆菌的污染造成寿司制品存在安全隐患。