MyoD基因诱导大鼠成纤维细胞转化为成肌细胞的研究

目的探讨MyoD在体外诱导大鼠成纤维细胞分化为成肌细胞中的作用。方法将大鼠成纤维细胞分成2组：未转染组（N组）和MyoD基因转染组（M组）;利用慢病毒表达系统,将大鼠MyoD基因转入大鼠成纤维细胞中,Blasticidin筛选;用RT-PCR和Western blot检测MyoD的表达;免疫组织化学检测MyoD、desmin及-αactin的表达;电子显微镜观察转染前后细胞形态的变化。结果RT-PCR和Western blot可检测出MyoD基因转染后细胞表达MyoD mRNA及蛋白质;免疫细胞化学检测MyoD表达在基因转染的细胞中为阳性,desmin、α-actin阳性表达只出现在M组;电子显微镜观察转染后的细胞胞浆中有微丝以及微管等结构。结论MyoD基因可诱导大鼠成纤维细胞分化成的细胞具有成肌细胞特征,为进一步研究MyoD基因诱导的成肌细胞及在大鼠心梗损伤修复中的作用提供了实验基础。     

生肌调节因子和连接蛋白43基因诱导大鼠成纤维细胞分化为肌细胞实验研究

目的探讨转染生肌调节因子（myoblast determination，MyoD）基因和连接蛋白43（Connexin，Cx43）基因的大鼠真皮成纤维细胞（dermal fibroblast，DFs）生物学功能的变化及MyoD和Cx43基因转染DFs细胞治疗心力衰竭的可行性。方法采用Gateway技术，构建真核质粒表达载体。利用慢病毒（LV）表达系统，将大鼠MyoD cDNA和Cx43 cDNA转入大鼠成纤维细胞中，经Blasticidin筛选培养，通过RT-PCR，Western印迹法等方法检测MyoD及Cx43蛋白及mRNA表达情况，并且通过显微镜观察转染后生长情况，膜片钳技术检测离子电流变化。结果RT-PCR，Western印迹法检测出MyoD及Cx43蛋白及相应mRNA表达，膜片钳检测到转染后钙离子电流，显微镜观察到基因转染筛选后培养1w细胞的融合现象，并有多核肌管形成。结论MyoD和Cx43基因转染使DFs分化为成肌细胞，为进一步研究基因治疗心力衰竭奠定基础。     

MyoD基因诱导大鼠心脏成纤维细胞分化为成肌细胞的实验研究

目的：探讨MyoD基因诱导大鼠心脏成纤维细胞分化为成肌细胞的可能性。方法：将MyoD基因重组腺病毒载体转染大鼠心脏成纤维细胞，观察转染后大鼠心脏成纤维细胞形态的变化；用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测MyoD和肌细胞生成素的表达；免疫组化检测骨骼肌肌球蛋白和结蛋白的表达。结果：MyoD基因转染后的大鼠心脏成纤维细胞形态和排列方式发生明显变化；RT-PCR可检测出转染后细胞表达MyoD；Western blot结果表明转染后细胞表达MyoD和肌细胞生成素；免疫组化检测骨骼肌肌球蛋白和结蛋白表达均为阳性。结论：MyoD基因可诱导体外培养的大鼠心脏成纤维细胞分化为成肌细胞，为进一步研究MyoD对心肌损伤的修复作用奠定了基础。     

RKIP基因表达上调对宫颈癌细胞生物学行为影响

目的探讨Raf激酶抑制蛋白(RKIP)基因表达上调对宫颈癌细胞生物学行为的影响。方法应用脂质体法,将含有正义(ss)RKIP cDNA的真核表达载体转染入宫颈癌Caski细胞,G418筛选阳性克隆,Western-blot方法检测转染前后细胞RKIP的表达,建立RKIP基因表达上调的稳定转染细胞系(ssRKIP)。应用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法、双层软琼脂集落形成实验、体外侵袭实验(Transwell小室)方法,观察RKIP基因对宫颈癌细胞生物学行为的影响。结果建立了RKIP表达上调的稳定转染宫颈癌Caski细胞系。RKIP基因转染后,与未转染细胞比较,对照空载体pcDNA3.1(+)转染细胞的RKIP蛋白表达无明显变化,含正义cDNA的ssRKIP细胞的RKIP蛋白表达水平则上调(t=8.137,P<0.01)。RKIP基因表达上调能够抑制宫颈癌Caski细胞的体外生长增殖、锚定非依赖性生长及体外侵袭能力。结论 RKIP基因对宫颈癌细胞的增殖、锚定非依赖性生长和侵袭等生物学行为均有抑制作用,其在宫颈癌发病中可能起重要作用。     

大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞MyoD cDNA转染后的形态变化

目的 探讨运用肌肉转录调节因子（myoblast-de termining,MyoD）基因转染使大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞（dermal fibroblasts,DFs）转化为肌细胞的可能性.方法 采用差速贴壁法培养Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠的DFs,利用携带MyoD cDNA的真核表达载体pLenti6/V5- DEST-MyoD转染培养的大鼠DFs,经Blasticidin 筛选2周后挑选转基因单克隆细胞,传代培养,进行细胞形态学观察及细胞免疫化学鉴定.结果 大鼠DFs在导入MyoD cDNA后可见：（1） 部分细胞形态发生改变, 类似骨骼肌细胞,胞体伸展,胞浆颗粒增多,（2） 经抗Desmin抗体的细胞免疫化学检测证实转染后的细胞有下游蛋白Desmin的阳性表达. 结论 DFs能转化为具有潜在功能的类骨骼肌细胞,提示DFs可成为心血管疾病基因治疗的靶细胞.     

肝细胞生长因子基因转染对淋巴瘤细胞的生物学效应

目的:克隆肝细胞生长因子(HGF)基因,构建重组真核表达载体,并观察HGF基因转染对Raji细胞的生物学效应.方法:从人肝组织中提取总RNA,反转录后行PCR获得HGF基因cDNA,与载体pVITRO2-mcs构建重组真核表达载体,转染Raji细胞.行潮霉素B筛选,连续传代,采用实时荧光定量PCR、ELISA和细胞免疫组化及半固体培养等方法,观察HGF基因转染后的表达与对Raji细胞生物学性状的影响.结果:成功克隆HGF基因并构建了重组真核表达载体pVITRO2-mcs-HGF.经RT-PCR证实HGF基因成功转染Raji细胞.HGF基因转染后可在Raji细胞稳定表达HGF mRNA和蛋白,且可促进其增殖和迁徙及侵袭.结论:HGF基因获成功克隆并构建了重组真核表达载体,转染Raji细胞后可稳定表达,并对其生物学性状具促进作用.     

骨髓基质细胞的生长特性和转染胰岛素样生长因子-1后的凋亡研究

目的:探讨体外培养大鼠骨髓基质细胞(MSC)的生长特性,同时转染胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)观察对其凋亡的影响。方法:相差显微镜观察细胞的大体形态,亚甲蓝染色观察细胞集落,细胞计数法研究细胞的增殖能力;逆转录病毒载体pBabe-IGF-1或pBabe转染到MSC,RT-PCR检测IGF-1的表达,流式细胞仪Annexin V-FITC凋亡试剂盒检测细胞凋亡,RT-PCR检测促凋亡基因Bax和抗凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达。结果:骨髓基质细胞主要呈梭形,细胞呈集落性生长,细胞生长到第6代几乎生长停滞;转染IGF-1的MSC组的细胞凋亡率和Bax的表达明显低于其它转染空载体组和对照组,而Bcl-2的表达率则高于后两组(P<0.05)。结论:此方法能较容易地获得大量骨髓基质细胞,IGF-1基因转染后能够明显降低MSC的细胞凋亡,并和Bax基因的升高、Bcl-2基因的降低相关。     

ALKBH5调控大鼠心肌成纤维细胞活化增殖的作用研究

目的 探讨6-甲基腺嘌呤(m⁶A)去甲基化酶ALKBH5在大鼠心肌成纤维细胞(CFs)活化增殖中的作用。方法 取1～3 d新生SD乳鼠心脏,剪碎消化后进行CFs原代培养,并在显微镜下观察细胞形态。细胞贴壁生长后加入TGF-β1诱导构建CFs活化增殖模型,模型构建成功后分别向各组细胞转染ALKBH5(慢病毒过表达ALKBH5)及慢病毒空载体24～48 h。运用RT-qPCR方法检测ALKBH5、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、I型胶原(CollagenⅠ)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)mRNA的表达;Western blot检测ALKBH5、α-SMA、CollagenⅠ及PCNA蛋白的表达;CCK-8法和EdU染色检测细胞增殖活性变化。结果 在CFs活化增殖模型中,与对照组CFs相比,模型组CFs中ALKBH5蛋白和mRNA的表达降低,而与活化增殖相关蛋白PCNA、α-SMA及CollagenⅠ的表达增加。此外,在慢病毒转染ALKBH5过表达组的CFs中,α-SMA、CollagenⅠ和PCNA蛋白和mRNA同ALKBH5病毒空载体组相比表达下降。CCK-8与Ed...     

人脐血间充质干细胞培养鉴定和慢病毒载体介导胶质源性神经营养因子在脐血间充质干细胞中的表达

目的 体外分离和培养人脐血间充质干细胞(UCB-MSCs),对其生物学特性进行鉴定.用含有胶质源性神经营养因子(GDNF)的慢病毒载体转染UCB-MSCs,初步评价基因转染后UCB-MSCs生物学功能变化,探讨GDNF在UCB-MSCs中的表达水平.方法 采用密度梯度离心法从脐血中分离单核细胞,通过贴壁培养和控制消化时间得到形态较均一的长梭形细胞,流式细胞仪(FACS)检测其细胞表面标记,诱导其向脂肪方向分化,对UCB-MSCs的生物学特性进行鉴定.将GDNF基因克隆人慢病毒载体,包装出病毒上清,以不同拷贝数转染UCB-MSCs,通过检测细胞表面抗原,观察细胞形态学和增殖分化能力的差异,初步评价基因转染对细胞生物学功能的影响.采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)和实时定量多聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)技术分别测定不同转染组GDNF的蛋白及mRNA表达水平.结果 采用密度梯度离心法成功在体外分离和培养出UCB-MSCs,并诱导其向脂肪细胞分化.FACS检测结果显示,UCB-MSCs中CD90、CD73及CD105蛋白表达阳性,CD14、CD34、CD45、CD19、HLA-DR、Stro-1及CD106蛋白表达阴性.ELISA和real-time PCR检测结果显示,用含GDNF基因的慢病毒载体转染UCB-MSCs后,其GDNF蛋白分泌量和mRNA表达水平与转染拷贝数有关,转染拷贝数越高,GDNF表达量越高.GDNF基因转染后UCB-MSCs的原有生物学功能无明显改变.结论 成功在体外分离和培养出UCB-MSCs.用含有GDNF基因的慢病毒载体转染UCB-MSCs可通过转染拷贝数在一定水平上控制GDNF蛋白分泌量和mRNA表达水平,使其持续高表达GDNF.     

PYK_2小干扰RNA对成年大鼠心脏成纤维细胞增殖的影响

目的以富含脯氨酸的酪氨酸激酶2(PYK2)为靶基因,设计并构建短发夹状小干扰RNA表达载体,探讨PYK2小干扰RNA表达载体对心脏成纤维细胞(cardiac fibroblasts,CFs)增殖的影响。方法以pAVU6 27质粒为载体,以PYK2为靶基因,设计并构建短发夹状小干扰RNA表达载体,行酶切和测序鉴定。用PYK2短发夹状小干扰RNA表达载体转染体外培养的成年大鼠心脏成纤维细胞,反转录聚合酶链反应和Westernblot法检测PYK2基因和蛋白表达的改变,四唑盐比色法和3H-TdR掺入率检测转染后细胞的增殖和DNA合成情况。结果酶切鉴定和测序分析表明靶向PYK2的RNA干扰重组体构建成功;重组体转染CFs后,PYK2的mRNA和蛋白水平较空载体转染的对照组显著下降;重组体转染CFs后MTT比色A值和3H-TdR掺入率均明显低于对照组。结论PYK2小干扰RNA表达载体是抑制心脏成纤维细胞增殖和DNA合成的有效手段,有利于深入探讨PYK2在心肌纤维化发生发展中的作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.