Effect of aminooxyacetic acid on the antidote activity of diazepam under the action of GABA-lytics

Pretreatment of mice with aminooxyacetic acid enhances the antidote activity of diazepam against picrotoxin but not bicuculline. It is claimed that GABA-transaminase inhibitors may be promising candidates as an antidote in complex therapy of seizures induced by GABA-lytics blocking the chloride ionophore. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 441–443, April, 1994     

Role of the interaction between different types of serotonin and α2-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 micereceptors in the regulation of audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 mice

It is shown that the serotonin receptors 5-HT_1c, 5-HT₃, and 5-HT₄ and α₂-adrenergic receptors are involved in the regulation of audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 mice, and that the effects of these serotonin receptors on the duration and magnitude of convulsive activity are the opoosite of those produced by α₂-adrenergic receptors. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 381–383, April, 1995     

Adaptation to multiple electrostimulation limits hemorrhages in the brain of rats with audiogenic epilepsy

Exposure of Krushinsky-Molodkina rats (a strain genetically predisposed to audiogenic epilepsy) to multiple electrostimulation (a course consisting of 10 sessions) prolongs the latency of epileptic seizures, lowers blood levels of stress hormones, lessens the severity of seizures, and reduces by half the area occupied by subdural hemorrhages. It is concluded that the major role in the mechanism of these protective effects is played by adaptation to stress, accompanied by the accumulation in the brain of heat-shock proteins that stabilize cellular structures. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 127–129, February, 1994     

Effect of superoxide dismutase on convulsive seizures in rat models of epilepsy

Intravenous injections of superoxide dismutase into rats with amygdaline kindling mitigated spontaneous and electrostimulation-induced epileptic seizures and raised the thresholds of electric current for their elicitation; these seizures of reduced intensity were observed during 3 days following chronic (for 6 days) treatment with this enzyme. In contrast, superoxide dismutase injections had no effect on the convulsions induced by electric shock or corazole. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 7, pp. 20–22, July, 1995 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Impact of 13(S)-HPODE,a lipoxygenase product of linoleic acid,on calcium transport and Na,K-ATPase activity in the myocardial sarcolemma

In thisin vitro study using a purified sarcolemmic fraction of guinea pig myocardium, the 13(S)-hydroperoxide of linoleic acid (13-HPODE) increased in a dose-dependent manner the permeability of myocardial sarcolemma to Ca ions in concentrations above 10 μmol/liter, stimulated Na/Ca exchange there in concentrations from 0.1 to 10 μmol/liter, and exerted a digitalis-like action on sarcolemmic Na,K-ATPase in concentrations between 0.1 and 100 μmol/liter (IC₅₀=20 μmol/liter). The results indicate that the linoleic acid hydroperoxide may be an effective modulator of sarcolemmic Ca²⁺ transport and of membrane-bound enzymes. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 255–257, September, 1995 Presented by D. F. Chebotarev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Lipid peroxidation level in the focus of compression ischemia in the cerebral cortex of rats

Pathomorphological changes in a focus of ischemia, the level of lipid peroxidation (as indicated by the content of products reacting with thiobarbituric acid), and the postischemic levels of adenyl nucleotides and tissue lipids were studied in rats with focal compression ischemia of the cerebral cortex. An increased level of the TBA-reactive products paralleled by a reduction of the concentrations of adenyl nucleotides and tissue lipids was found to be in clear-cut correlation with the processes of neuronal injury and death and with subsequent repair phenomena in the focus of cortical ischemia. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 589–590, December, 1994 Presented by O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of some lectins on the cholinergic structures of the frog heart

The effect of lectins (phytohemagglutinin — PHA, concanavalin A — ConA,Pisum sativum lectin — PSL,Ricinus communis lectin — RCL, and pokeweed mitogen — PWM) on the cardiac cholinoceptors is studied in experiments on isolated hearts of maleRana temporaria frogs. The test lectins in concentrations from 10⁻²³ to 10⁻³ are shown to exhibit cholinomimetic properties. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 252–255, September, 1994 Presented by A. D. Ado, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Inhibition of generalized wound infection in immunized rats

The occurrence of the pyocyanic bacillus in the blood and spleen is compared after intramuscular administration to intact and immunized animals. It is demonstrated that blood clearance is performed by transferring the causative agent to splenic phagocytes. It is suggested that antibodies agglutinize the microorganisms in the primary focus of infection and prevent their entry into the blood. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 545–546, May, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ischemic shifts on the electrocardiogram and their correction in a chronic model of angina pectoris

Three types of ischemic shifts are present on the ECG recorded from conscious dogs in a chronic model of angina pectoris. It is suggested that these shifts are caused, along with the ischemic factor, by excessive sustained coronary dilatation in the ischemic focus. Elimination of this focus with pituitrin may open up new prospects in the control of ischemic damage to the myocardium. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 4, pp. 435–438, April, 1994 Presented by B. T. Velichkovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Enhancement of liver cell proliferation by GM3 ganglioside

In experiments on rats subjected to partial hepatectomy and experimentally induced hepatitis it is shown that GM₃ ganglioside of equine erythrocytes can enhance liver cell proliferation. The effect was also observed in experiments on a primary hepatocyte culturein vitro; moreover, enhancement of cell proliferation did not depend on the type of sialic acid residues. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp 427–430, April, 1995     

Na+/H+ countertransport and calcium exchange in peripheral blood cells of healthy subjects and patients with chronic heart failure

A comparative study is performed of Na⁺/H⁺ exchange and Ca²⁻ mobilization in erythrocytes and platelets of patients with stage I–II chronic heart failure caused by dilative cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease. A significant rise in the Na⁺/H⁺ exchange rate is found in the cells of chronic heart failure patients, which correlates with an elevated erythrocyte and platelet concentration of Ca²⁺ and an increased “calcium” response of platelets to inductors. The findings testify to a certain functional relationship between various cation-transporting cellular systems whose change in properties upon chronic heart failure can play an important pathogenic role. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 12, pp. 572–575, December, 1994     

Effect of ionenes on ion permeability of erythrocyte membranes

Ionophore activity of ionenes, like that of polymyxins, is shown to be potentiated by long-chain antiions. Rapid stoichiometric anion equilibration in isoosmotic buffered sugar medium revealed that the amplitude of Cl⁻/OH⁻ exchange in erythrocytes induced by an ionene-detergent complex gradually drops with the decrease of both the charge density and the number of monomeric moieties in the polymeric chain. This is also paralleled by passive K⁺ leakage from the cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 44–46, July, 1994     

Effect of salicylates on the toxicity of GABA-lytics in mice

Preliminary injection of aspirin and salicylic acid increases the toxicity of picrotoxin, but not of bicuculline. Aspirin inhibits binding of³H-diazepam and N-methyl-³H-methylphenazepam with membranes from the brain of intact mice. In view of the fact that salicylates reduce the content and sorption capacity of serum albumin, this protein can be assumed to be involved in the detoxication of picrotoxin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 619–620, June, 1995     

The multimiostim-04, a portable compact device for electroneurostimulation and electropuncture

The Multimiostim-04, a multichannel electrostimulator, has been developed. Its advantage lies in its powerful effect on the neuromuscular structures and neurons around the focus of injury, due to an enhancement of the impulse flow from several muscle groups of the injured extremities. The afferent effect on neurons in the zone where the synaptic contacts have been lost is also boosted by electrostimulation of the symmetrical muscles of the healthy extremities. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 219–221, August, 1994 Presented by Yu. A. Romanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Structural basis of changes in deformation of synaptic contacts of the sensorimotor and cerebellar cortex in health and acute ischemia

Paramembranous specialized formations of the synaptic cytoskeleton — dense projections and postsynaptic condensation of axospinous synapses of the molecular layer of white rat sensorimotor and cerebellar cortex — in health and acute total ischemia are studied by selective contrast staining with phosphotungstic acid. A direct relationship is revealed between the pattern and degree of deformation of the contact plane, on the one hand, and the postsynaptic condensation and ratio of the volumes of pre- and postsynaptic accumulations of paramembranous filaments, on the other. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp. 443–445, April, 1995 Presented by L. V. Poluektov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Interaction of selected pregna-D'-pentaranes with cytosolic receptors of myometrium and endometrium in various disease states

The relative capacities of several pregna-D'-pentaranes to combine with cytosolic receptors of the myometrium and endometrium in various disease states are investigated, and one of the compounds, 6α-methyl-16α, 17α-cyclohexanoprogesterone, is identified as holding particular promise for clinical use in replacement therapy and as a contraceptive agent. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 163–165, February, 1995     

Effects of supplementing the rat diet with selenium on the efficiency of essential linoleic acid metabolism

Examination of the fatty-acid composition of lipids contained in the liver, spleen, blood plasma, aggregated lymphatic follicles of the small intestine, and mesenteric lymph nodes of rats fed diets supplemented with selenium revealed an appreciable effect of this element on the efficiency with which linoleic acid was metabolized to arachidonic acid, which was reflected in an increased 20:4/18:2 ratio. In contrast, Se was found to have little or no effect on levels of lipid peroxidation products in tissues and blood serum. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 136–138, August, 1994     

Effect of L-arginine on myogenic reactions of vascular smooth muscle cells in hypercholesterolemia

In hypercholesterolemia, the reduced vascular response observed during stretching of the vessel wall is probably caused by disorders of endothelial functional activity. L-arginine stimulates synthetic activity of the endothelium, making it possible to use of this amino acid for correction of these impairments. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 118–120, February, 1995 Presented by B. I. Tkachenko, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Role of different types of adrenoreceptors of the lateral hypothalamus in the mechanisms of natural excitation due to food motivation

Following microiontophoresis of propranolol, a β-adrenoblocker, and prasosine, an α-adrenoblocker, rearrangements of the impulse flows are observed in a number of neurons of the lateral hypothalamus, which manifest themselves in the development of regular activity with a monomodal distribution of interspike intervals. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 9–12, January, 1994. Presented by K. V. Sudakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Threshold of seizure activity of the brain and higher nervous activity in the postresuscitation period for intracerebral allotransplantation of fetal neocortex tissue

The threshold of seizure activity of the brain, long-term memory, and learning ability are studied in Wistar rats for bilateral transplantation of fetal nervous tissue in area CA1 of the hippocampus. The grafts are performed on the 2nd, 7th, 14th and 30th days after clinical death caused by asphyxia. A neurotransplantation performed on the 2nd day of the postresuscitation period is found to prevent seizure activity, whereas that performed on the 7th–14th days results in a sharp decline or cessation of spontaneous and induced epileptiform convulsive seizures, prolonged preservation of the long-term memory trace, an improvement of learning ability, and a lessening of defensive and phobic behavior in a large proportion of the animals. Translated fromByulleten's Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 234–237, February, 1996 Presented by V. A. Negovskii, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences