海洛因依赖者急性戒断前后IL-1β、TNF-α、ACTH及CORT含量变化的研究

海洛因依赖者存在着严重免疫功能紊乱或损伤,其中以细胞免疫损伤尤甚.我们在之前的流式细胞术分析结果基础上,为进一步探讨海洛因依赖者急性戒断前后血浆IL-1β、TNF-α、ACTH及CORT水平变化及其临床意义,对其血浆进行放射免疫测定,现将结果报告如下.     

海洛因依赖者血清中TGF-β1水平的研究

通过检测TGF-β1在海洛因依赖者血清中水平的变化,为进一步认识海洛因对机体免疫功能的影响提供依据。将99例海洛因依赖者按吸食海洛因时间长短均分为三组(2年以内、5~10年、10年以上),33例正常人血清作为对照组,用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组血清TGF-β1水平。结果显示,各组海洛因依赖者血清TGF-β1较正常对照组降低(P<0.05);从2年以内组到5~10年组到10年以上组,TGF-β1水平逐渐降低(99.92±38.35 pg/ml、91.72±67.78pg/ml、53.51±27.32 pg/ml)。TGF-β1在海洛因依赖者血清中水平改变明显,吸食海洛因可抑制机体TGF-β1的水平表达。     

海洛因依赖者记忆功能的对照研究

吸入或静脉注射海洛因后可造成人体精神和躯体功能的改变 ,且有研究认为这种改变具有持久性。海洛因对记忆功能的改变的研究有一些报道[1- 6 ] ,但其结果有不一致的地方。本研究对 36例海洛因依赖病人戒断后的记忆功能进行测评 ,以分析长期吸食海洛因是否对个体的记忆功能有影响。1　资料与方法1 .1　海洛因依赖组研究对象选自某强制戒毒所的病人 ,并符合以下入组标准 :①符合ＤＳＭ -Ⅲ阿片类物质依赖的诊断标准 ;②海洛因戒断期超过 1个月 ;③年龄 <4 5岁 ;④目前无脑器质性疾病和严重躯体疾病。符合标准者共 36例 ,其中男 2 3例 ,女性 13…     

海洛因依赖者免疫功能状态研究

对４０例海洛因依赖者的免疫功能状态研究发现，ＮＫ细胞毒活性、ＩＬ－２活性、Ｔ细胞亚群ＣＤ３和ＣＤ４细胞数量，以及血清中ＩｇＡ和ＩｇＭ含量，均比正常健康人、统计学处理有显著性差异，表明海洛因依赖者的免疫功能受到了抑制。     

海洛因依赖者血清中IL-9、IL-17水平的研究

目的:通过检测IL-9、IL-17在海洛因依赖者血清中水平的变化,为进一步认识海洛因对机体免疫功能的影响提供依据。方法:93例海洛因依赖者按吸食海洛因时间长短分为三组(2年以内、5~10年、10年以上),31例正常人血清作为对照组,用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组血清IL-9、IL-17水平。结果:2年以内组和5~10年组海洛因依赖者血清IL-9较正常对照升高(P<0.05)、各组IL-17水平较正常对照组降低(P<0.05);从2年以内组到5~10年组到10年以上组,IL-9水平先升高后降低[(334.92±144.41)pg/ml、(353.47±176.93)pg/ml、(287.38±129.94 pg/ml)],IL-17水平先降低后相对升高[(53.38±26.08)pg/ml、(45.87±16.81)pg/ml、(68.18±39.26)pg/ml)]。结论:IL-9、IL-17在海洛因依赖者血清中水平改变明显,吸食海洛因可刺激IL-9水平升高而抑制机体IL-17的水平表达。     

海洛因依赖者与人格障碍的关系

目的 了解海洛因依赖者与人格障碍的关系.方法 用DSM-Ⅲ-R人格障碍用定式临床检查手册,调查了93名自愿戒毒的海洛因依赖者DSM-Ⅲ-R轴Ⅱ人格障碍的诊断情况.结果 轴Ⅱ人格障碍发生率达到89.2%.边缘型人格障碍(62.4%)和强迫型人格障碍(59.1%)最常见,其次是偏执型人格障碍(52.7%).结论 海洛因依赖者存在各种类型的人格障碍.     

海洛因依赖者执行功能的对照研究

目的:探讨海洛因依赖患者执行功能的变化情况.方法:对36例海洛因依赖患者、36例健康志愿者用木块图形测验、Stroop Test(C,CW)、威斯康星卡片分类试验(Wisconsin Card Sort Test,WCST-M)进行检测,测验结果进行对照分析.结果:海洛因依赖组木块图形总分低于正常对照;Stroop(C、CW)总时间、错误次数高于正常对照,差异有统计学显著性(P<0.01);海洛因依赖组WCST-M测验的错误总数、持续错误总数高于正常对照,分类个数低于正常对照,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).患者海洛因成瘾时间与WCST分类个数呈负相关(n=36,r=-0.39;P<0.05).结论:海洛因依赖患者大脑执行功能有一定程度的损害.     

海洛因类药物依赖者戒断后血清IL-1β和IL-4水平及其临床意义

我院今年以来开展了海洛因药物依赖者外科手术戒毒治疗,为了解海洛因类药物依赖者戒断后血清IL-1β和IL-4水平变化及其临床意义,我们对其中部分患者血清IL-1β和IL-4进行了放射免疫分析,现将结果报告如下。1资料和方法1.1对象随机选取58例(男44,女14)海洛因类药物依赖者(其中海     

自愿戒毒海洛因依赖者家属的家庭功能研究

目的:了解海洛因依赖者家庭成员的家庭功能状况.方法:采用家庭功能量表(FAD)对79例海洛因依赖者家属(研究组)以及60例正常志愿者(对照组)进行调查,并比较结果.结果:研究组在角色和情感反应等方面的评分显著高于对照组(29.70+2.84 vs 27.20±1.95,P＜0.05;16.53±1.91 vs 15.75±1.36,P＜0.05);依赖者母亲在角色(16.91±2.12 vs 15.65±1.67,P＜0.05)和总的功能方面(30.64±3.04 vs 29.21±1.63,P＜0.05)的评分,依赖者配偶在情感介入方面(19.12±1.81 vs 17.58±1.60,P＜0.05)的评分均显著高于相应的对照者.结论:海洛因依赖者家庭成员的家庭功能不良.     

Evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in amenorrhoeic women with insulin-dependent diabetes

Diabetes is associated with a higher incidence of secondary hypogonadotrophic amenorrhoea. In amenorrhoeic women with insulin-dependent diabetes a derangement in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis has been proposed. No data exist on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in these women. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), metoclopramide and thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) tests were performed in 15 diabetic women, eight amenorrhoeic (AD) and seven eumenorrhoeic (ED). Frequent blood samples were taken during 24 h to evaluate cortisol plasma concentrations. There were no differences between the groups in body mass index, duration of diabetes, insulin dose and metabolic control. The AD women had lower plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, oestradiol, androstenedione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) than the ED women. The responses of pituitary gonadotrophins to GnRH, and of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) to TRH, were similar in both groups. The AD women had a lower prolactin response to TRH and metoclopramide, and lower ACTH and cortisol responses to CRH, than the ED women. Mean cortisol concentrations > 24 h were higher in the amenorrhoeic group. Significant differences in cortisol concentrations from 2400 to 1000 h were found between the two groups. Insulin-dependent diabetes may involve mild chronic hypercortisolism which may affect metabolic control. Stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis would increase hypothalamic secretion of CRH. This would lead directly and perhaps also indirectly by increasing dopaminergic tonus to inhibition of GnRH secretion and hence hypogonadotrophic amenorrhoea. Amenorrhoea associated with metabolically controlled insulin-dependent diabetes is a form of functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea that requires pharmacological and psychological management.     

Anatomy of melancholia: focus on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis overactivity and the role of vasopressin

Overactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis characterized by hypercortisolism, adrenal hyperplasia and abnormalities in negative feedback is the most consistently described biological abnormality in melancholic depression. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are the main secretagogues of the HPA/stress system. Produced in the parvicellular division of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus the release of these peptides is influenced by inputs from monoaminergic neurones. In depression, anterior pituitary CRH1 receptors are down-regulated and response to CRH infusion is blunted. By contrast, vasopressin V3 receptors on the anterior pituitary show enhanced response to AVP stimulation and this enhancement plays a key role in maintaining HPA overactivity.     

重组白细胞介素-2对小鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的影响

目的：研究重组白细胞介素２（ｒＩＬ－ ２） 对下丘脑－ 垂体－ 肾上腺轴的作用。方法：采用ｒＩＬ－ ２ 静脉注入（Ｂ组注入前用抗－ ＣＲＨ 血清预处理） ,测定注入ｒＩＬ－ ２ 后不同时间ＣＲＨ,ＡＣＴＨ 及ＣＯＲＴ 血浆含量变化。结果：ｒＩＬ－ ２ 可使不同水平的ＣＲＨ,ＡＣＴＨ,ＣＯＲＴ 血浆含量升高（Ａ 组）（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ,当预先注入抗－ ＣＲＨ 血清后ＡＣＴＨ、ＣＯＲＴ 的升高不被阻断（Ｂ 组） 。结论：ｒＩＬ－ ２ 对ＨＰＡＡ 的激活作用不是通过ＣＲＨ 介导的     

Repeated exposure to immobilization or two different footshock intensities reveals differential adaptation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Factors involved in adaptation to repeated stress are not well-characterized. For instance, acute footshock (FS) of high intensity appears to be less severe than immobilization (IMO) in light of the speed of post-stress recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and other physiological variables. However, repeated exposure to IMO consistently resulted in reduction of the HPA response to the same stressor (adaptation), whereas failure to adapt has been usually reported after FS. Thus, in the present work we directly compared the activation of HPA axis and other physiological changes in response to both acute and repeated exposure to IMO and two intensities of FS (medium and high) in adult male rats. Control rats were exposed to the FS boxes but they did not receive shocks. Daily repeated exposure to IMO resulted in significant adaptation of the overall ACTH and corticosterone responses to the stressor. Such a reduction was also observed with repeated exposure to FS boxes and FS-medium, whereas repeated exposure to FS-high only resulted in a small reduction of the corticosterone response during the post-stress period. This suggests that some properties of FS-high make adaptation to it difficult. Interestingly, overall changes in food intake and body weight gain throughout the week of exposure to the stressors reveal a greater impact of IMO than FS-high, indicating that factors other than the intensity of a stressor, at least when evaluated in function of the above physiological variables, can influence HPA adaptation. Since FS exposure is likely to cause more pain than IMO, activation of nociceptive signals above a certain level may negatively affect HPA adaptation to repeated stressors.     

The effect of confinement during lactation on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and behaviour of primiparous sows

Commercial sows are typically confined in crates before and during parturition and remain there throughout lactation. In various animal species including non-lactating pigs, confinement over similar periods leads to adaptive changes in the HPA axis, consistent with chronic stress. To investigate evidence for chronic stress in lactating sows, primiparous sows (gilts) were kept in behaviourally confining crates with straw bedding (CS, n = 8) or without bedding (C, n = 8) or in larger strawed pens (PS, n = 16) between 5 days before parturition until 29 days postpartum (piglets were weaned on day 28). Behavioural and physiological recordings (Plasma ACTH and cortisol) were taken at intervals (baseline), and CRH injections were given on five occasions (days 2, 8, 15, 22 and 29 postpartum). The PS gilts spent more time in substrate-directed behaviour and lying ventrally, and less time lying laterally and sitting than the two crated treatments (C and CS) throughout lactation. Baseline plasma ACTH and cortisol levels showed no treatment differences, although we confirmed that a diurnal pattern exists, with morning (1000 h) cortisol being higher than later in the day. CRH challenge tests suggested changes in the HPA axis, consistent with chronic stress, by the end of the lactation period. Cortisol response to CRH tended to be higher in CS than PS across all days, and by day 29 cortisol response to CRH was significantly higher in CS compared to PS and tended to be higher in C than PS. Cortisol/ACTH ratio following CRH challenge also tended to be higher in the crate treatments (C and CS) by day 29. These data suggest that prolonged confinement in farrowing crates may have a negative impact on sow welfare.     

Effect of Hypericum extract on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in rats

We studied the effect of Hypericum extract on activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in rats. In rats exposed to stress after a 30-day daily oral treatment with Hypericum extract, the weight of the adrenals and ACTH concentration were lower than in controls. Hence, treatment with Hypericum extract improved resistance to stress and prevented exhausting of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system.     

A study on forensic samples of Bartonella spp antibodies in Swedish intravenous heroin addicts

Infection with Bartonella, an emerging bacterial pathogen which often affects immunodeficient patients, has been reported in Sweden over the past few years, with a high seroprevalence of B. elizabethae. A high prevalence of antibodies against B. elizabethae has also been found in urban intravenous drug users in the USA. Using immunofluorescence, we retrospectively examined serum samples taken at autopsy from 59 Swedish intravenous drug addicts from the Stockholm area for evidence of antibodies against 6 pathogenic strains of Bartonella. The 59 addicts died following heroin injection during the years 1987-1992 and include 24 individuals (41%) who were additionally HIV-positive. An overall seropositivity rate for Bartonella spp. of 39% (23/59) was found with the following antigenic reactivities: B. elizabethae, 39% (23/59); B. grahamii, 3% (2/59); B. henselae (Houston-1), 14% (8/59); and B. quintana, 3% (2/59). There were no positive reactions for B. henselae (Marseille) or B. vinsonii subsp. vinsonii. The Bartonella-seropositive cases included 11/23 (48%) individuals who were HIV-positive. Subacute to chronic myocarditis was seen in 2/11 microscopically investigated Bartonella-seropositive cases that were HIV-negative and in 1/14 seronegative cases. No cases of endocarditis or other common manifestations of Bartonella infection were found. An overall Bartonella seropositivity of 21% (9/44) was observed in control forensic autopsy samples.     

海洛因成瘾者神经—免疫功能的损害

目的：探讨海洛因成瘾者神经－免疫功能损害的原因及两系统间相互作用的关系。方法：应用ＲＩＡ法测定４５例海洛因成瘾者和４０例正常人血清中β－内啡肽（β－ＥＰ）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ）和干扰素α（ＩＦＮα）。结果：海洛因成瘾组β－ＥＰ、ＴＦＮα含量较正常组显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１,Ｐ〈０．００５）,ＡＣＴＨ含量比正常组显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：①海洛因成瘾者神经系统损害的原因与外源性吗啡与脑脑内神经细胞受体结合引起内源性β－ＥＰ含量降低有密切关系;②外源性吗啡可直接与免疫细胞的码啡受体结合,抑制免疫细胞活性,造成其分泌ＩＦＮα降低,影响免疫功能;③内源性β－ＥＰ含量降低,与免疫细胞上受体结合减少,对其激活作用降低,影响ＩＦＮα分泌,减弱免疫功能。ＩＦＮα含量降低,与脑内细胞上的受体结合减少进一步抑制β－ＥＰ     

海洛因依赖者对毒品、非毒品信息记忆的对比研究

目的 探讨海洛因成瘾病人对毒品、非毒品信息记忆的差异。方法 图片的学习、内隐记忆和再认。结果对毒品图片的判断,无论是学习过的图片还是新图片,正确量大,反应时长。结论 毒品、非毒品信息对海洛因成瘾病人具有不同的意义,对毒品信息的反应更强,保持时间更长。