在校大学生对AIDS的认知与对HIV感染者态度调查

目的调查广州市在校大学生AIDS相关知识及对HIV感染者态度现状,为学校更有效地开展大学生AIDS健康教育提供依据。方法采用目的抽样方法,对广州市某高校1200名在校大学生进行关于AIDS相关知识、态度的问卷调查。结果不同年级、生源地,AIDS相关知识差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);多数学生对HIV感染者持积极态度,但仅5.73%的学生愿意与HIV感染者共餐;2.70%愿意与感染HIV的同学同住一个寝室。网络是大学生获取AIDS相关知识的最主要途径。结论大学生AIDS相关知识知晓率水平较高,但缺乏系统性和全面性;多数学生对HIV感染者持积极态度,但是一旦与自我卷入较深,即表现出对HIV感染者的回避甚至歧视。高校应加强对大学生AIDS健康教育的系统性、全面性和深刻性,以消除对AIDS的心理恐惧,达到对HIV感染者的零歧视。     

依恋模式对失独人群创伤后应激障碍的影响

目的 调查失独人群创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状与依恋模式的关系。方法 随机抽取上海市某地区149名失独个体作为研究对象,采用创伤后应激障碍筛查量表-城市居民版（PCL-C）和成人依恋量表修订版（AAS-1996）进行PTSD症状和成人依恋模式评定。结果 PTSD症状的阳性率为30.9%（46/149）,其中女性发生PTSD的比例高于男性（P<0.01）。不安全型依恋模式个体的PTSD阳性率高于安全型依恋模式个体（P<0.01）,且在PTSD的B（反复出现创伤性体验）、C（情感麻木与回避）、D（警觉性增高）3组症状群方面两组间的差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。不同的依恋模式对PTSD的影响不同,恐惧型依恋模式个体更易发生PTSD。结论 不安全型依恋模式的失独个体易发生PTSD,尤其是恐惧型的不安全依恋模式。失独女性PTSD症状的检出率为高于男性。     

上海市儿童福利院39例孤残婴幼儿依恋类型分布调查

目的:了解上海市儿童福利院孤残婴幼儿依恋类型及特点,为机构照料模式探索新方法。方法:对39例8～24个月的孤残婴幼儿采用"陌生情境法"进行依恋类型的测评。结果:上海市儿童福利院内孤残婴幼儿与其主要照料者之间的依恋类型为安全型依恋(B型)占20.5%,不安全型依恋占79.5%,其中焦虑/回避型(A型)占43.6%,焦虑/矛盾型(C型)占35.9%,未发现混乱型(D型)。结论:上海市儿童福利院内婴幼儿安全型依恋的比例远低于家庭内婴幼儿安全型依恋。     

医科大学生依恋模式与应对方式和抑郁焦虑相关性分析

目的探讨医科大学学生依恋模式及其对应对策略和情绪的影响,以期为医科大学生心理健康研究提供新的探索方向。方法采用关系问卷中文版、亲密关系体验问卷、应对方式问卷、抑郁焦虑自评量表对医科大学生898人进行调查,了解医科大学生依恋模式与应对方式和负性情绪的关系。结果安全型依恋大学生更多地采取积极的应对策略(P<0.01),抑郁焦虑得分最低(P<0.01);而惧怕型和焦虑型依恋者更倾向于使用消极的应对策略(P<0.01),抑郁焦虑得分较高(P<0.01)。结论医科大学生的依恋类型可能影响他们的心理健康水平。     

大学生网络成瘾的心理治疗：依恋理论的应用

依恋理论认为,依恋在心理病理现象中有重要影响,不健康的亲子依恋和同伴依恋、不安全型依恋模式可能是大学生网络成瘾的重要原因.以依恋建构为核心的心理治疗重在帮助当事人建构健康的依恋关系和发展安全型依恋模式,通过咨询师、父母、老师和同伴的支持帮助其逐步戒除网瘾,通过提高解决实际问题的能力找到现实价值感,最终促进人格的健全发展和完善.     

基层医院护士艾滋病相关知识及态度调查

目的:了解基层医院护士艾滋病基本知识、普遍预防原则知识以及对艾滋病患者态度问题.方法:对市二级医院249名护士进行问卷调查.结果:调查对象对艾滋病基本知识有较高水平的了解,对HIV/AIDS的传播途径在认识上有偏差,对HIV/AIDS职业暴露预防知识知之甚少,大部分护士对艾滋病的态度还不十分确定,对HIV感染者和AIDS患者存在一定程度的恐惧和排斥.结论:对基层医院护士艾滋病知识培训系统化并加大广度和深度,将有利于艾滋病基层医院护理的发展.     

医学院实习生依恋类型,社会支持与人际关系处理策略

目的 探讨医学院实习生依恋类型,社会支持与心理健康水平之间的关系.方法 以整群抽样的方式选取正在医院实习的医学院大学生210名,用关系问卷(RQ)、亲密关系经历量表(ECR)、社会支持问卷,人际冲突处理方式问卷(ROCI-11)进行测查.结果 210名被试中安全型依恋者占46.7%.轻视型占33.8%,倾注型占12.4%,害怕型占7.1%;在对支持的利用度指标上,安全型(8.8±1.8)和害怕型(8.8±1.9)的被试的得分显著高于轻视型(7.8±1.5)和倾注型(8.1±1.7);在人际冲突处理策略上,安全型被试在"竞争"和"顺从"得分上(24.0±9.2/27.6±9.4)显著低干轻视型(27.8±8.2/31.1±7.9)、倾注型(28.2±8.3/30.7±6.4)和害怕型(32.8±5.2);依恋回避对所有除"竞争"之外的四个冲突处理策略均有负向的预测作用,而依恋焦虑则对所有五个冲突处理策略都有正向的预测作用.结论 医学院实习生人际冲突处理策略与他们的依恋类型及社会支持之间存在密切的联系.     

医学院实习生依恋类型,社会支持与人际关系处理策略

目的 探讨医学院实习生依恋类型,社会支持与心理健康水平之间的关系.方法 以整群抽样的方式选取正在医院实习的医学院大学生210名,用关系问卷(RQ)、亲密关系经历量表(ECR)、社会支持问卷、人际冲突处理方式问卷(ROCI-Ⅱ)进行测查.结果 210名被试中安全型依恋者占46.7%,轻视型占33.8%,倾注型占12.4%,害怕型占7.1%;在对支持的利用度指标上,安全型(8.8±1.8)和害怕型(8.8±1.9)的被试的得分显著高于轻视型(7.8±1.5)和倾注型(8.1±1.7);在人际冲突处理策略上,安全型被试在"竞争"和"顺从"得分上(24.0±9.2/27.6±9.4)显著低于轻视型(27.8±8.2/31.1±7.9)、倾注型(28.2±8.3/30.7±6.4)和害怕型(32.8±5.2);依恋回避对所有除"竞争"之外的四个冲突处理策略均有负向的预测作用,而依恋焦虑则对所有五个冲突处理策略都有正向的预测作用.结论 医学院实习生人际冲突处理策略与他们的依恋类型及社会支持之间存在密切的联系.     

简体中文版MOS-HIV量表对HIV/AIDS患者生存质量测评与社会歧视的相关性分析

目的 了解HIV/AIDS生存质量的相关影响因素及与社会歧视的相关性,为减少社会对HIV感染者/AIDS患者的歧视,提高其生命质量提供科学依据.方法 利用自行设计的相关影响因素问卷了解该地区目标人群的一般人口学特征;应用简体中文版MOS-HIV量表对目标人群的生活质量现状进行评价,调查可能影响生活质量的人口学特征和与HIV/AIDS相关特征的11个维度的测评;同时探索HIV/AIDS人群生活质量及社会歧视影响因素.统计学处理采用t检验进行显著性检验及用Logistic回归进行典型相关分析.结果 MOS-HIV量表得分总体情况与国内研究基本一致,不同HIV传播途径影响研究对象的总体健康、认知功能和生命质量(P＜0.01),不同的收入人群社会歧视态度不同,在不同歧视态度人群中Logistic回归分析发现,主要影响因素是躯体功能、认知功能、社会功能、性别与职业,P＜0.01.结论 对HIV感染者/AIDS患者社会歧视越高,总体健康、认知功能和生活质量越低,应减少社会歧视,提高生存质量.     

长沙市大学生艾滋病知识、态度的现况调查

目的:了解长沙市大学生对艾滋病(AIDS)知识、态度、行为的掌握程度,探讨针对长沙市大学生有效的AIDS宣传教育方式.方法:采用匿名问卷调查方式,整群抽取长沙市三所大学学生进行现况调查.结果:长沙市大学生AIDS基本知识全项回答正确率31.3％;3大传播途径知晓率达90％以上;对艾滋病感染者及病人存在恐惧和歧视;大学生...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.