结肠癌术后复发类型与再手术治疗

目的 探讨结肠癌术后复发的再手术治疗。方法 对我院1999年1月至2005年12月再手术治疗的87例结肠癌根治术后复发病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果 本组患者再手术切除率74．7％，根治性切除率55．2％。行根治性切除的48例患者中位生存时间49个月；行姑息性切除的17例患者中位生存时间24个月；行探查和短路手术的22例患者中位生存时间10个月；不同手术方式的治疗效果差异有统计学意义（P=0．0003）。结论 结肠癌术后复发的再手术切除率高，积极行再手术治疗，可延长复发患者的生存时间。     

胰腺癌的外科治疗及随访研究(附216例报道)

目的 探讨胰腺癌的治疗方法对其生存时间及生存率的影响，总结胰腺癌的治疗经验。方法 回顾分析我院1990年1月至2000年12月收治的216例胰腺癌病人资料（部分），并进行了随访研究。应用SPSS10．0统计软件包进行统计学分析，生存分析采用乘积极限法（Kaplan-Meier method)，并进行时序检验（log-rank test)。结果 本组手术切除率为40．24％（68／169），根治性切除率31．36％（53／169），切除组院内死亡率为2．37％（4／169）。根治性切除组，姑息性切除组，姑息性旁路引流组，单纯手术探查组，未手术组的中位生存期分别为30 4d,138d,134d,123d,86d。根治性切除组的1，3，5年生存率分别为44．71％，14．98％，9．99％。I，Ⅱ期病人根治性切除术后1，3和5年生存率分别为69．23％，38．46％，12．82％。1995年以来，我们对胰腺癌尤其是胰头癌采用较为系统和规范的评估与探查方案，手术切除率和生存率明显改善，手术切除率上升到50．88％，根治性切除率达38．60％，根治性切除组的5年生存率达12．93％。结论 根治性切除仍是目前唯一有效的治疗方法；姑息性治疗不能延长胰腺癌病人生命；胰腺癌进行单一外科治疗的效果不容乐观，应寻求一种更为有效的治疗模式。     

意外胆囊恶性肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨意外胆囊恶性肿瘤(UGC)的外科治疗和预后。方法回顾性分析1996年1月—2003年12月浙江大学医学院附属第二医院外科18例UGC患者(UGC组)的临床及病理资料,并与同期有随访资料的43例手术前确诊的胆囊恶性肿瘤患者(DGC组)进行比较。结果UGC组中未侵犯浆膜者占55.6%(10/18),DGC组中肿瘤侵犯浆膜伴局部区域淋巴转移者占90.7%(39/43)。UGC组与DGC组根治性手术切除率分别为72.2%(13/18)和39.5%(17/43);根治性手术后累积5年生存率分别为54.6%和23.5%(χ2L=16.33,P<0.01)。全组61例患者根治性手术与姑息性手术后中位生存期分别为43.3个月和10.5个月(χ2L=31.10,P<0.01)。结论UGC总体预后好于术前确诊的胆囊恶性肿瘤,发现后应尽早积极进行再次根治性手术。早期诊断和再次采取手术根治能改善UGC患者的预后。     

Surgery for lung cancer in the elderly.

In order to assess the appropriateness of lung cancer surgery in the elderly and determine optimal subjects and resection procedure, 75 patients operated on in 1976-1996 at age > or =75 years (including 13 > or =80) were followed up. The operations included limited resection (8), lobectomy (47), bilobectomy (10) and pneumonectomy (10) and were judged to be radical in 59 cases (79%). Perioperative mortality was 9% and morbidity 29%, including 21% major complications. Cumulative 5-year survival was 32%, in stages IA-IIB 27-41%, and cancer-related survival 61-79%. Mortality did not differ significantly between resection types, but morbidity did. Nor did mortality, morbidity or survival differ between the age groups 75-79 and > or =80 years. In stage I cancer there was no significant difference in survival or cancer-related survival after lobectomy vs limited resection. We conclude that age, even >80 years, is not incompatible with curative resection. Lobectomy is the treatment of choice, but a less radical resection may be advisable if there is comorbidity. If more extensive resection is performed, the individual surgical risk must be weighed against the potential long-term benefit.     

Multi-modality approach in curative local treatment of early rectal carcinomas

Objective Despite recent advances, surgery remains the mainstay for the management of rectal carcinoma. The conventional surgical treatment for low rectal carcinoma is total mesorectal excision. This results in either abdomino‐perineal excision of the rectum (APER) with permanent colostomy or low anterior resection (LAR) usually with a covering stoma. Local resection is an alternative treatment option and this could be offered either using manual trans‐anal resection (TAR) or transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) if the tumour is situated higher. Patients Patient selection is an important factor if local resection is used. No further treatment is necessary for T1 tumours with clear surgical resection margins. Conventional radical surgery should be offered for T1 tumours with close resection margins (<1 mm) or T2 tumours with higher risk of lymph node metastases. Patients were treated by postoperative chemo‐radiotherapy or radiotherapy, if further radical surgery was not considered appropriate or if the patient refused further surgery. Using this approach, we describe our experience of 100 patients treated from January 1992 to June 2002. Results Only 13 patients had surgery alone and 87 patients had radiotherapy either pre‐operative (33 patients), postoperative (25 patients) or radical radiotherapy alone (29 patients). Local recurrence occurred in 10% of patients and salvage surgery was offered in over half (6 patients) of these patients. At median follow up of 33 months (range 3–120 months), the overall survival was 77% reflecting the fact that the majority of these patients were elderly with coexisting medical problems. However, cancer specific survival was 96%. More importantly, only 9 patients had colostomies and colostomy‐free survival in our cohort of patients from Liverpool was 91%. Conclusion We concluded that in selected patients, who were not medically fit (ASA 111 or above) or those who were unable to accept a permanent colostomy, local treatment could be offered with curative intent using a multimodality approach. In our experience, relapses can be salvaged effectively and we recommend a long‐term close follow up policy.     

胃底贲门癌根治性切除与扩大根治性切除的疗效对比

目的 探讨胃底贲门癌根治手术的最佳范围。方法 对４１８例胃底贲门癌患者施行根治性手术,其中扩大根治性切除１９２例（扩大组）,Ⅰ期１１例,Ⅱ期４０例,Ⅲ期１２１例,Ⅳ期２０例,根治性切除２２６例,Ⅰ期１９例,Ⅱ期５３例,Ⅲ期１３１,Ⅳ期２３例。对２且２术后５、１０年生存率进行对照分析。结果 ２种术式的５、１０年生存率;Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者相似,差异无显著性意义;而Ⅲ期患者扩大组５、１０年生存率较根治组分别提     

胃幽门窦癌浸润胰头联合胰十二指肠切除43例临床分析

目的探讨胃幽门窦癌浸润胰头时的手术方法。方法回顾性分析1984年6月至2004年6月收治的采用胰十二指肠切除术(PD)治疗的胃癌侵及胰头43例临床资料。结果无手术死亡。19例根治手术中联合胰十二指肠切除术15例,胰头局部切除4例;姑息切除17例;探查及胃空肠吻合7例。术后并发症发生率:PD术后为33%(5/15),胰头部分切除为25%(1/4),姑息切除为18%(3/17),探查活检为14%(1/7)。组间差异无显著性意义(P>0·05)。随访:中位生存时间PD为26个月(12~156个月),胰头部分切除为23个月(14~73个月),姑息切除为8个月(3~37个月),探查及胃空肠吻合为3个月(1·5~9·0个月)。联合PD和胰头部分切除的生存期明显长于姑息切除和探查及胃空肠吻合组(P<0·01)。结论胃幽门窦癌联合PD或胰头局部切除能够提高病人的生存期,手术指征选择恰当和肿瘤的彻底根治是取得良好临床效果的关键。     

原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤54例治疗分析

目的探讨原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤的治疗选择。方法回顾分析54例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果恶性肿瘤主要表现为皮肤巩膜黄染、腹痛、十二指肠梗阻和上消化道出血。各种检查方法的诊断正确率分别为：内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影92．8％、消化道气钡造影70．8％、胃镜50％、CT21．9％、MRI21．4％。能判断部位者肿瘤分布为十二指肠球部1例、降部45例,水平部3例,升部0例。恶性肿瘤行手术治疗48例,胰十二指肠切除术31例,胰十二指肠切除术加肠系膜上静脉部分切除术1例,局部根治性十二指肠肠段切除6例,姑息性十二指肠部分切除术1例,肠壁楔形切除术3例。胆肠内引流或／和胃空肠吻合5例,空肠造痿术1例。辅助化疗13例。总体5年生存率45．4％,3年45．4％,1年63．2％。根治手术组和姑息手术组的中位生存期分别为24、10个月,术后化疗组中位生存期38个月,无辅助治疗组中位生存期16个月,但各组比较生存期差异无显著意义。胰十二指肠切除术与局部根治性肠段切除术二组生存期比较差异无显著意义。多因素回归分析淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小、肿瘤深度、脉管癌栓、病理类型、手术方法与生存时间的相关性,只有脉管内癌栓与生存期相关。结论十二指肠恶性肿瘤的治疗以胰十二指肠切除术和局部根治性十二指肠肠段切除术为主,姑息的捷径手术可延长生存期和生存质量,提倡术后辅助治疗。     

Second resection and prognosis of primary high risk superficial bladder cancer: is cystectomy often too early?

PURPOSE: We evaluated the prognostic significance of a second transurethral resection in patients with moderately and poorly differentiated T1 bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 47 patients with primary T1 bladder cancer were evaluated. A second transurethral resection was performed in 42 patients in case of moderately or poorly differentiated T1 bladder tumor or concomitant carcinoma in situ in the first resection. Five patients underwent immediate cystectomy due to large, multifocal and moderately or poorly differentiated pT1 disease. RESULTS: Of the 42 patients who underwent repeat resection 15 (36%) had no tumors. Up staging and change of treatment strategy due to the result of the second resection occurred in 10 (24%) cases. Mean followup was 60 months. An R0 second resection correlated with a 33% recurrence rate at followup compared with 57%, 75% and 87.5% in patients with pTa, Tis and T1 residual tumor, respectively, in the second resection. The rate of organ preservation was also related to the result of the second resection with 100% organ preservation in patients with no tumor in the second procedure. After immediate radical cystectomy 3 of 5 patients died during followup due to disease progression. Of this group 2 patients survived without clinical or radiological signs of disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge residual tumor after the first transurethral resection is a fact in bladder cancer treatment. The second transurethral resection offers the possibility to preserve the bladder. Furthermore, residual disease can be detected and removed in due time. In case of up staging to muscle infiltrating tumor, cystectomy is the next therapeutic step.     

胃癌累及胰腺的外科治疗与预后(附120例报告)

目的探讨胃癌累及胰腺的外科治疗方法与预后的关系。方法回顾性分析我院1984年6月～2003年10月手术治疗累及胰腺的胃癌120例。结果本组120例中,根治切除组41例,姑息切除组23例,未切除组56例。根治组41例中经病理证实胰腺有癌细胞浸润者30例,占73.2%,淋巴结转移率为85.4%。其中No10、11淋巴结转移率为73.1%。术后102例得到随访,随访率为85%,1、3、5年的生存率分别为:根治切除组为73%、37%、17%,姑息切除组为22%、9%、4%,未切除组为9%、2%、0%。根治切除组1,3年生存率明显高于姑息性切除组和未切除组(P<0.05),5年生存率明显高于未切除组(P<0.01),但与姑息性切除组无显著性差异。姑息性切除组和未切除组1、3年生存率无显著性差异,但5年生存率明显高于未切除组(P<0.01)。结论胃癌累及胰腺的根治切除可提高1,3年生存率,选择合适的适应征是关键。姑息切除有助于改善生存质量,对改善预后意义不大。     

肝泡型包虫病的手术治疗:附43例病例分析

目的 探讨肝泡型包虫病手术治疗的方式和疗效.方法 对我院2000年至2008年收治的43例肝泡型包虫病患者分成两组回顾性分析.根治性手术组19例、姑息性手术组24例.结果 姑息性手术组围手术期病死1例,2例术后出现远处转移,2例术后出现肝内播散,4例因术后再次出现黄疸、3例因术后反复发作胆管炎而入院治疗.根治性手术组3例术后出现胆瘘,1例出现胆管炎,3例出现消瘦.术后30例获得随访(≤3年至≤8年).随访期间,姑息性手术组有10例患者病死,长期生存率为28.5%(4/14);根治性手术组中有1例患者因贲门癌病死,长期生存率为93.7%(15/16).结论 根治性手术是治疗肝泡型包虫病的首选方法.可使患者获得临床治愈并长期存活.而姑息性手术多用于解决梗阻性黄疸或并发症,以便为进一步治疗争取时间.

Abstract：

Objective To study the operative techniques and the surgical results of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Methods Forty three patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis treated in our Hospital from 2000 to 2008 were studied retrospectively. They were divided into two groups: radical resection group (19 cases) and palliative resection group (24 cases). Results There were 1 surgeryrelated death, 2 patients with remote metastases, 2 patients with intrahepatic dissemination, 4 patients with recurrent jaundice and 3 patients with cholangitis in the palliative resection group. There were 3 patients with biliary fistula, 1 patient with cholangitis and 3 patients with emaciation in the radical resection group. Among the 30 patients followed-up for ≤3-≤8 years, 10 patients died in the palliative resection group and the long-term survival rate was 28.5% (4/14). One patient died from gastric cancer in the cardiac in the radical resection group and the long survival rate was 93. 7%(15/16). Conclusions The first choice of treatment for hepatic alveolar echinococcosis is radical resection. Patients could be cured by radical resection. Palliative surgery is an option for patients not manageable otherwise.     

胃癌侵及胰腺的外科治疗

目的：探讨胃癌侵及胰腺外科治疗的手术适应证和术式选择。方法：回顾性分析我院1984年6月至2001年6月对58例胃癌怀疑侵及胰腺的患进行手术治疗的临床资料。结果：扩大根治切除组（联合胰腺切除）36例，经病理证实胰腺有癌细胞浸润24例（66．7％），淋巴结转移30例（83．3％），姑息切除组22例，术后并发症发生率15．5％，其中扩大根治切除组为16．7％，姑息切除组为13．6％，两差异无显性意义（P＞0．05），两组无手术死亡，随访48例，术后1、3、5年生存率扩大根治切除组分别为75．0％，38．9％，19．4％，姑息切除组分别为22．7％，9．1％，4．5％，扩大根治切除组术后1、3年生存率明显高于姑息切除组（P＜0．005），结论：对胃癌侵及胰腺的患，扩大根治切除可提高1、3年生存率，但选择适应证甚为重要。     

肝门部胆管癌手术治疗34例临床分析

目的探讨肝门部胆管癌的诊断、手术方式的选择及其疗效。方法回顾性总结分析1994年1月~2004年7月手术治疗的肝门部胆管癌34例的临床资料。结果34例中手术切除22例(64.1%),根治性切除15例(44.1%),姑息性切除7例;内、外引流12例。围手术期死亡9例(26.5%)。出院25例中获得随访21例(84%),平均生存9.6个月。根治性切除10例,平均生存16.1个月,现仍存活6例,分别为5、7、16、24、26、32个月。姑息性切除和引流11例,平均生存5个月,无1年生存者。结论早期诊断和根治性切除是肝门部胆管癌获得根治的唯一途径。选择合理的术式,提高手术技巧和加强围手术期的处理是提高手术疗效的重要措施。     

48例胆囊癌手术治疗效果分析

目的 探讨胆囊癌手术治疗的效果.方法 回顾我院2005～ 2012年手术治疗的48例胆囊癌患者的临床资料.结果 全组共48例,其中12例行单纯胆囊切除术,20例行胆囊癌根治术,10例行扩大胆囊癌根治术,6例行其它姑息性治疗.结论 早诊断、早治疗是提高胆囊癌疗效的关键所在,根治性或扩大根治性切除对改善胆囊癌的预后有积极意义.     

Vascular surgical reconstructions in orthopedic tumor operations

The surgical treatment of bone tumors today results more and more in a radical resection therapy. The major vessels are often included in the tumor mass and therefore they have to be resected and reconstructed. Between 1981-1986 30 patients of the Orthopaedic University Clinic in Vienna were treated with tumor resection. The arterial and/or venous reconstruction was done in cooperation with the I. Department of Surgery of the University of Vienna. In 73% of the cases rotation plasty of the knee was performed, in 10% a local tumor resection and in 7% a tumor resection and reconstruction by a tumor endoprosthesis (KMFTR-system). Three patients underwent partial pelvic resection, hemipelvectomy and rotation plasty of the hip respectively.     

根治性经尿道电汽化术切除侵犯肌层膀胱肿瘤的疗效评估

目的评估根治性经尿道膀胱肿瘤电汽化术(根治性TUVBT)治疗膀胱肿瘤的中长期疗效. 方法已侵犯肌层的膀胱肿瘤患者39例.采用根治性TUVBT治疗14例,获随访12例,时间34～66个月,平均44.6个月.参照根治性经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术的手术原则,汽化切除肿瘤至膀胱壁外脂肪层.采用膀胱部分切除术治疗25例,获随访22例,时间30～96个月,平均50.7个月.两组术后常规10-羟基喜树碱膀胱灌注化疗2年. 结果根治性TUVBT组术后肿瘤复发率33.3%(4/12);膀胱部分切除术组复发率31.8%(7/22),死亡率4.5%(1/22).两组比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05). 结论对已侵犯肌层的膀胱肿瘤,根治性TUVBT可作为外科治疗的一种选择,尤其适用于年老体弱或不愿意接受根治性膀胱全切术或开放手术者.     

直肠癌根治术后局部复发多因素分析

探讨直肠癌根治术后局部复发的相关因素,为直肠癌治疗提供理论根据。回顾性分析346例直肠癌根治手术病例临床资料和随访结果,比较各临床资料与复发的关系。结果显示,直肠癌术后局部复发48例（13．9％）,其中合并远处转移复发29例（8．4％）;多因素分析表明,肿瘤部位,输血与否,分化程度,病理类型,Dukes分期,CEA水平,有无淋巴转移和是否行全直肠系膜切除术与术后局部复发相关,而性别、年龄、手术方式、术后化疗与否等与术后局部复发无关。结果表明,术后局部复发与病理分期晚、分化程度低、肿瘤位置低及复查时CEA水平高、有淋巴转移和未行全直肠系膜切除术有关。为预防复发宜做好首次手术,对复发病例力争早发现并给予再次手术为主的综合治疗,以延长生存期。     

消化道多原发性癌

目的 探讨消化道多原发癌的临床特点及其诊治。方法 回顾性分析33例消化道多原发癌的临床资料。结果 本组病例占同期消化道癌的2．7％,其中同时癌（SC）24例,漏诊20例,分别行根治切除、中药、化疗等综合治疗。异时癌（MC）9例,漏诊1例,分别行根治切除、姑息切除及放疗。总5年生存率为45．4％,SC为37．4％,MC为55．5％。结论 消化道多原发癌发病率低,术前漏诊率高,应行综合性诊断方法。对病变应行根治性手术与再手术切除。忌把MC误诊为复发或转移癌。     

Analysis and long-term survival in sternectomy with plastic reconstruction for primary and secondary neoplasms of the sternum

From January 1980 to December 1999, 88 patients underwent surgical resection for tumours involving the sternum. Thirty were males, aged 16 to 76 years, and 58 females, aged 23 to 78 years (mean ages: 48 and 53 years, respectively). There were 30 primary malignant tumours, 28 local recurrences or distant metastases from breast cancer, 16 other tumours, and 14 radionecroses. Total sternectomy was performed in 8 cases, subtotal (> 50%) in 32, and partial (< 50%) in 48. Concurrent en-bloc resection of the anterior ribs was performed in 61 patients, and of the clavicle in 13. Resection was extended to the lung in 22 patients, to the pericardium in 17, to both in 2, to the diaphragm and pericardium in 4. Bone and soft tissue defects were repaired with prosthetic material associated with a muscular or myocutaneous flap in 55 patients, with prosthetic material alone in 13 cases, with a muscular or myocutaneous flap in 5 cases, and with other techniques in the remaining patients. The resection was considered to be macroscopically radical in 78 patients and palliative in 10 cases. There was one perioperative mortality and significant morbidity was limited to 13 cases. Among the patients treated with a radical intent, 48 were alive and disease-free at the end of follow-up. The 10-year survival rate was 85% in primary tumours. For breast cancer relapses, 10-year survival was the same as 5-year survival (41.8%). In our experience, an en-bloc sternal resection for a primary or secondary tumour, followed by plastic repair using prosthetic material and/or a myocutaneous flap, is a safe, effective treatment. This intervention permits the execution of extensive radical resections for sternal neoplasms, as well as enabling the patient to obtain a better quality of life. Long-term survival after radical sternectomy also depends on the histological type of the tumour.     

肝胆管结石合并胆管癌的诊断及外科治疗

目的:探讨肝胆管结石合并胆管癌的临床特征和诊治要点。方法:回顾性分析55例肝胆管结石合并胆管癌患者的临床资料，其中23例行根治性手术,32例行姑息手术。结果:病理诊断为胆管腺癌41例，黏液癌14例。51例平均随访3年9个月，根治组平均存活 26(13～45)个月,姑息治疗组平均存活10(5～14)个月。根治组术后 1，2，3年生存率分别为95.7%，54.5%，27.3%,姑息组术后 1年生存率为 37.5％，无2年生存者结论:肝胆管结石反复发作炎症可并发胆管癌，行根治性切除可延长生存期,姑息手术可提高生存质量;提高肝胆管结石合并胆管癌疗效的关键是争取早期根治性治疗肝胆管结石。