广东省武警官兵睡眠质量及其与生活质量状况的关系

目的:了解广东省武警官兵的睡眠质量及其与生活质量状况的关系。方法:采用随机整群抽样的方法,用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)及世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)对广东省武警官兵1170人进行测试和分析。结果:广东省武警官兵睡眠质量总分为6.73±3.13分。武警官兵在生活质量生理领域、心理领域、社会领域和环境领域睡眠好者比睡眠一般者和睡眠差者得分高,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。武警官兵生活质量各领域得分与PSQI各成分得分均呈负相关关系。结论:睡眠质量好坏可影响生活质量,保障官兵的睡眠质量,有利于生活质量提高。     

高校贫困生社会支持与心理健康及其人格特征的相关研究

目的 探讨贫困大学生心理健康状况和社会支持状况及人格特征的关系.方法 选取学校贫困生125名为研究组,相对应的120名非贫困生为对照组,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、社会支持评定量表和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)测评.结果 ①贫困生SCL-90的总均分、躯体化水平、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执、精神病性的因子分显著高于非贫困生;②在社会支持评定量表的主观支持和支持利用度得分贫困生普遍低于非贫困生;③社会支持各维度与SCL-90各因子负相关,与EPQ人格P和N维度呈显著负相关,而与人格E维度呈显著正相关.结论 社会支持对大学生心理健康和人格发展有重要影响,在高校心理健康教育中,要重视学生非智力因素的培养.     

慢性酒依赖患者社会心理学因素分析

目的探讨心理社会因素对慢性酒依赖的影响。方法对40例慢性酒依赖患者(研究组)和40例健康人(对照组),采用艾森克个性问卷、社会支持量表、生活时间量表进行评定分析。结果研究组艾森克个性问卷E维度得分明显低于对照组,N维度得分明显高于对照组;社会支持量表的客观支持、支持利用度及社会支持总分研究组低于对照组;生活事件量表的总的生活事件、负性生活事件得分研究组明显高于对照组。结论心理社会因素对慢性酒依赖有重要的影响,对其进行心理干预显得尤为重要。     

军医大学护理专业学生心理健康状况调查及影响因素分析

目的：了解军医大学护理专业学生心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）、简单应对方式量表、自尊量表、自我态度量表，对469名某军医大学护理专业学生进行测评。结果：（1）军校护生SCL-90各因子得分均高于国内女性得分；除强迫、恐怖因子外，均低于国内普通大学生和军校学员得分。（2）军校护生SCL-90总均分与人格维度中的内外向、掩饰度呈显著负相关，与神经质、精神质呈显著正相关，其中与神经质维度相关最为密切（r=0．655）。（3）军校护生SCL-90总均分及各因子分与社会支持总分均呈显著负相关。（4）军校护生SCL-90总均分及各因子得分与应对方式中的消极应对呈显著正相关，与应对方式中的积极应对、自尊程度、自我态度呈显著负相关。结论：对军校护生开展有针对性的心理健康教育，不断塑造其良好人格，加强社会支持，培养积极应对方式，提高自我悦纳水平，以达到促进其心理健康的目的。     

武警官兵个性特点的调查研究

目的 :探讨武警官兵的个性特征。方法 :采用艾森克个性问卷中国修订版对 10 13名武警兵进行测试。结果 :武警官兵EPQ的P、N分量表得分较低 ,E量表分较高。武警官兵个性特征属外倾者 55.2 % ,内倾者 2 9.5% ,中间型 15.5%。情绪稳定者 50 .5% ,不稳定者 35.3% ,中间型13.4 %。结论 :中国武警官兵具有自身独特的个性特点     

南方武警新兵集训前后生活质量比较分析

目的:调查比较2005年入伍的南方某部武警新兵集训前后的生活质量状况。方法:采用随机整群抽样的方法,用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表对广东武警集训新兵539人分别在集训前、集训结束时作团体评定。结果:南方某部武警新兵集训前生活质量各领域得分为:生理领域68.90±13.36,心理领域65.65±14.28,社会领域67.16±16.71,环境领域61.06±14.23;集训后得分为:生理领域71.52±12.16,心理领域70.34±14.78,社会领域74.10±22.00,环境领域66.07±14.36,差异达到统计学显著性意义水平,其中以社会领域得分提高最为显著(集训前后得分差值为6.94±5.29)。结论:新兵集训不会对武警新兵的生活质量产生负面影响,相反,在集训后新兵生活质量有所提高,这与适应教育和训练改良有关。     

阳萎患者心理状况初步调查

目的 :探讨功能性阳萎患者的个性特征、情绪、生活质量等心理社会影响因素 ,为阳萎的预防和治疗提供线索。方法 :用艾森克个性问卷、Beck抑郁自评量表、世界卫生组织编制的生活质量量表 (theWorldHealthOrganizationQualityoflife ,WHOQOL)对 89例阳萎患者和 76例健康自愿者进行评定。结果 :①抑郁评定 :阳萎患者组抑郁量表总分 14 35± 5 5 7,达到了中度抑郁的分数线 ,且显著高于正常组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;②艾森克个性问卷 :阳萎患者组E分明显低于正常组 (p <0 0 5 ) ,N分明显高于正常组 (p <0 0 5 ) ,L、P分两组之间无明显差异 ;③生活质量评定 :精神健康、自我评估、夫妻关系、家务和生活自理、人际关系、躯体健康、社会支持因子分明显差于正常组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;工作能力、认知功能、休闲活动、经济状况、居住、宗教信仰等生活质量维度的评估与正常人相比无明显差异 (p >0 0 5 )。④在阳萎患者人群中 ,情绪稳定性和内外向维度与夫妻关系、社会支持的评估、抑郁情绪、人际关系、家务和生活自理能力呈显著相关。结论 :阳萎患者的抑郁情绪、夫妻关系、社会支持、人际关系等方面的生活质量较差 ;内向不稳定的性格较多见     

抑郁症患者的家庭暴力及因素分析

目的:研究家庭暴力与抑郁症个性特点、社会支持、应对方式的关系,针对心理十预提供理论依据。方法:采用自行设计的家庭暴力调查表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、社会支持评定量表、特质应对方式问卷和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ),对72例抑郁症患者进行评定和比较。结果:有家庭内暴力者38例(男16例,女22例),家庭暴力与抑郁症患者HAMD 抑郁总分呈正相关;有家庭暴力组男性的主观支持分、总社会支持分低于无家庭暴力组(18.8±4.9,22.6±3.4;33.7±8.2,39.6±6.4,P<0.05),消极应对分高于无家庭暴力组(34.9±4.7,30.1±6.5,P<0.05);有家庭暴力组女性的支持利用度分低于无家庭暴力组(6.1±2.0,8.1±2.0,P<0.05), EPQ的神经质评分高于无家庭暴力组(64.2±7.4,56.5±10.3,P<0.05)。结论:抑郁症患者的家庭暴力事件应予以重视,家庭暴力与男性抑郁症患者的绝望感、主观支持、总社会支持及消极应对方式相关;家庭暴力与女性的支持利用度和神经质个性相关。     

住院与社区麻风治愈者的生活质量及个性特征调查

目的:探讨住院与社区麻风治愈者的生活质量及个性特征。方法:采用生活质量问卷、艾森克个性问卷,对广东韶关市麻风医院51例麻风治愈者及韶关市下属两个县的104例社区麻风治愈者与59例健康亲属进行调查。结果:住院组的生活质量总评(51.83±9.64)与社区组(63.40±10.84)及其亲属组(66.25±11.16)比较有显著性差异(F=28.45;P<0.01);其中,躯体功能维度、心理功能维度、社会功能维度三组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。住院组的EPQ-E分和EPQ-N分(7.71±4.43;8.94±4.68)与社区组(9.58±4.29;6.18±4.88)及其健康亲属组(11.46±3.98;6.32±5.16)比较有显著性差异(F=10.75～5.91;P<0.01)。麻风治愈者的各个生活质量维度与EPQ-E呈显著正相关(r=0.21～0.44,P<0.01);与EPQ-N呈显著负相关(r=-0.24-0.65,P<0.01)。结论:住院麻风治愈者的生活质量比社区麻风治愈者及其亲属的生活质量差,个性特征与生活质量密切相关。     

驻高原武警官兵应对方式特点及心理健康状况调查

目的了解驻高原武警官兵的应对方式特点及其与心理健康的关系,为武警官兵的心理卫生工作提供重要的理论和实践依据。方法采用简易应对方式量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对530名青海高原武警官兵进行问卷调查。结果①武警官兵积极应对方式得分为1.87±0.48分,消极应对方式得分为1.10±0.56分。②武警官兵SCL-90各因子分与全国常模进行比较,躯体化、强迫症状因子显著高于全国常模。③相关分析:武警官兵消极应对与SCL-90各因子均呈显著相关(P<0.01)。结论加强高原武警官兵的应对方式教育,以提高武警官兵的心理健康水平。     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

The development of the ligament of the head of the femur

The hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown-rump length were studied by light microscopy. The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck. The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction-flexion and opposition to postero-superior dislocation were the most likely.     

Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep-wakefulness (S-W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculo-pupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S-W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4-5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although pre- and postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15-20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/behavioral features of their S-W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S-W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest levels; (b) W can occur independently in both the forebrain and brainstem, but true NREMS- and REMS-generating mechanisms exist exclusively in the forebrain and brainstem, respectively; (c) forebrain and brainstem S-W processes can operate independently from each other and are preprogrammed at birth; this helps understanding normal and abnormal polygraphic/behavioral dissociations in humans and normal dissociations/splitting in aquatic mammals; (d) NREMS homeostasis is present in the IF, but only REMS pressure after deprivation persists in the decerebrate cat; (e) the thalamus engages in both NREMS and W; (f) insomnia in diencephalic cats is the result of an imbalance between antagonistic W- and S-promoting cellular groups in the ventral brain (normally modulated by the telencephalon); (g) the EEG waves, which are signature for each S-W state, appear to truly drive the concomitant behaviors, e.g. a hypothetical human IF could alternate between behavioral NREMS and W/arousal/awareness; (h) a role for REMS is to keep the individual sleeping at the end of the self-limiting NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephaling NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephalic S-W processes and downstream control of the lower S-W system levels is emphasized.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Involvement of the striatum in the central regulation of the hormonal functions of the gonads

Studies reported here show that intrastriatal administration of corticoliberin to rats decreases the blood testosterone level. However, in conditions of chemical deficiency of dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, the effect of this neurohormone did not appear. It is concluded that extrahypothalamic corticoliberin is involved in regulating the hormonal reproductive system acting via dopaminergic mechanisms. Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 594–597, April, 1999.     

Ultrastructure of the endothelium of the drainage system of the eye

The endothelium of the ocular drainage system (Schlemm’s canal, collector tubules, and aqueous veins) in primary juvenile glaucoma undergoes degenerative dystrophic changes with compensatory hypertrophy and proliferation at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process and atrophy and desquamation at advanced and terminal stages. Progressive decrease in the pinocytous function of endotheliocytes, reduction of the protein-synthesizing and mitochondrial compartments of the cytoplasm, and formation of autophagosomes reflect the process of endotheliocyte degeneration in general. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 574–577, May, 2008