精索扭转28例临床探讨

目的：探讨精索扭转的临床诊疗方法。方法：回顾性总结28例精索扭转患者的临床资料,结合文献进行分析、讨论。结果：25例经手术探查证实与术前彩色多普勒血流动态显像（cDFI）或阴囊核素显像诊断相符。3例行手法复位,12例行手术复位、固定,13例行患侧睾丸切除,手术病例均行对侧睾丸固定。结论：CDFI或阴囊核素显像有助于精索扭转的早期诊断,早期明确诊断或有高度怀疑时,应立即进行手术探查。     

双侧精索扭转6例诊治体会

目的:探讨精索扭转的诊断和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析6例双侧精索扭转患者的诊断和治疗经验。结果:6例患者均为双侧发病。1例双侧睾丸同时扭转,5例双侧睾丸相继扭转;2例行单侧睾丸切除,其余扭转睾丸行复位固定。结论:精索扭转需早期诊断并及时手术探查行复位固定,患侧复位固定同时可行健侧固定,如不行健侧固定必须严密监测随访。手法复位可作为有益尝试。     

精索扭转的诊断及治疗研究（附54例报告）

目的：总结精索扭转的早期诊断及治疗方法,提高精索扭转的诊治水平。方法：对54例精索扭转患者的I临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：对54例试行手法复位成功10例,失败3例;手术探查44例,20例予以保留睾丸,24例行睾丸切除,12例未行对侧睾丸预防性固定,随访有1例发生对侧精索扭转,32例行对侧睾丸预防性固定,未见精索扭转发生。结论：对本病应保持足够的警惕与认识,并通过详细地询问病史细致地体格检查,适当地辅助检和及时地手术探查来诊断本病;睾丸毁损与扭转的时间密切相关,延迟就诊是睾丸丢失的重要原因,临床高度怀疑时应及早手术探查。常规预防性固定健侧睾丸不是很必要。     

精索扭转的诊断与治疗(附21例报告)

目的：总结精索扭转的诊治经验。方法：回顾性分析21例精索扭转的临床诊治资料。结果：1例手法复位成功，5例行睾丸复位固定术，15例行坏死睾丸切除术。结论：彩色多普勒超声成像是诊断精索扭转的可靠方法，早期积极手术探查是提高睾丸成活率的关键。     

睾丸扭转的诊治体会

目的探讨睾丸扭转的诊治方法。方法回顾总结18例睾丸扭转患者的诊治资料,结合文献进行分析。结果18例经手术证实与术前彩色多普勒超声检查(CDS)诊断一致。8例行手术复位、固定,10例行患侧睾丸切除,所有病例均行对侧固定术。14例随访6～12个月,其中8例手术复位、固定者,1例睾丸萎缩。7例成年人精液分析,4例生精正常,3例生精低下。结论考虑睾丸扭转时,应首选CDS检查;治疗上应尽快手术探查;扭转360°、10h者应切除患侧睾丸。     

睾丸扭转的诊治探讨

目的探讨睾丸扭转的诊治方法。方法回顾总结21例睾丸扭转患者的诊治资料,结合文献进行分析。结果21例经手术证实与术前彩色多普勒超声检查(CDS)诊断一致。8例行手术复位、固定,13例行患侧睾丸切除,所有病例均行对侧固定术。14例随访6~12个月,其中8例手术复位、固定者,睾丸萎缩2例。9例成年人精液分析,5例生精正常,4例生精低下。结论考虑睾丸扭转时,应首选CDS检查;治疗上应尽快手术探查;扭转>360°、>10h者应切除患侧睾丸。     

睾丸扭转和精索扭转的诊断与治疗(附68例报告)

目的:探讨睾丸和精索扭转的诊断与治疗方法,提高睾丸和精索扭转的治疗水平。方法:对68例睾丸和精索扭转的临床资料进行总结,68例平均年龄21岁,<20岁者占84%,左侧55例占80.8%.发病至确诊时间6h～30天,12h以上者占90.2%。结果:53例术前彩色多普勒血流动态显象(CDFI)应作为诊断疾病的常见与首选检查方法。诊断并经手术证实,符合率100%,经手术探查;41例行手术复位、固定,睾丸获救。27例行患侧睾丸切除术,所有病例均行对侧探察,固定。结论:阴囊X核素显象,B超对睾丸精索扭转早期诊断有帮助。早期诊断,及时治疗是提高疗效的关键。彩色多普勒血流动态显象应作为诊断该疾病的常见及首选检查方法,对睾丸精索一旦确诊或疑有精索扭转的患者应及早行紧急复位,以期挽救睾丸,同时行睾丸固定术也十分必要。对于确诊毫无保留价值的睾丸需行切除术。     

睾丸扭转的诊断与早期治疗（附21例报告）

目的：提高睾丸扭转（编者按：实为精索扭转）的诊治水平.方法：回顾性分析21例睾丸扭转患者的临床诊治资料：21例患者中,左侧15例,右侧6例;术前确诊11例,拟诊5例,误诊5例.手法复位2例,睾丸复位固定7例,患侧睾丸切除13例.结果：术后随访3个月～3年,手法复位成功1例;7例睾丸复位固定良好,有1例出现患侧睾丸萎缩;13例行睾丸切除者身体状况良好.结论：睾丸扭转早期诊断甚为重要,应首选彩色多普勒超声检查;及早手术探查是挽救睾丸的关键.     

精索扭转的诊断及治疗(附26例报告)

目的总结精索扭转的诊治经验。方法回顾性总结了1995年6月-2004年6月期间26例精索扭转患者的诊治资料,结合文献进行分析。结果本组26例患者经彩超检查（CDu）确诊为精索扭转23例,25例患者经手术证实为精索扭转。1例手法复位治愈,18例行坏死睾丸切除术。7例手术复位者随访0．5—3年,6例复位睾丸血流正常,1例睾丸萎缩。结论在诊断精索扭转中,CDU与核素显像相比,CDU具有准确率高,方便快捷。早期诊断、及时手术探查行扭转精索复位和睾丸固定是提高睾丸存活率的关键。     

婴幼儿睾丸扭转的早期诊断和治疗方法选择

目的：探讨提高婴幼儿睾丸扭转疗效的方法。方法：对12例睾丸扭转患儿均行阴囊彩超检查,10例提示睾丸扭转。根据病情选择手法复位、睾丸复位 双侧睾丸固定术和切除扭转的睾丸同时固定对侧睾丸。结果：1例行手法复位成功,随访4个月～3年,3例保留睾丸者彩超显示双睾丸血流一致;9例切除睾丸者显示对侧睾丸血流正常。结论：阴囊彩超检查对婴幼儿睾丸扭转的诊断有较大的帮助;婴幼儿睾丸扭转后发生睾丸坏死的比率高,早期诊断、及时治疗是救活睾丸的关键,一旦明确或高度怀疑睾丸扭转,应立即行手术探查。     

睾丸扭转18例报告

目的 总结睾丸扭转的诊治体会。方法 报告18例睾丸扭转的临床诊治资料。结果 5例扭转时间短或不全扭转才经手术复位后保留了睾丸。13例（70％）坏死睾丸予以切除。结论 彩色多普勒超声成像是诊断急性睾丸扭转的可靠方法,治疗上主张作预防性睾丸固定,以免扭转复发或再发。     

精索扭转的早期诊断及处理(附12例报告)

目的：提高精索扭转的早期诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析12例精索扭转的临床资料。结果：11例经手术证实，与术前彩色多普勒血流成像（CDFI）诊断结果一致，其中5例扭转时间短或不全扭转者经手术复位后保留了睾丸，6例因睾丸坏死而予以切除。1例保守治疗。结论：对青少年突发的阴囊疼痛应考虑到本病的可能。CDFI是一种高效，可靠的诊断方法。早期诊断及手术可提高睾丸存活率。主张对对侧睾丸应作预防性固定并随访。     

症状不典型睾丸扭转7例并文献复习

目的:提高症状不典型睾丸扭转的早期诊断和治疗水平。方法:回顾分析7例症状不典型睾丸扭转确诊病例并文献复习。结果:7例患者均以腰痛为首发症状来诊,后均经彩色多普勒超声确诊为睾丸扭转,5例手术复位成功,睾丸存活;1例行患侧睾丸切除;另1例因家人及本人拒绝而放弃手术。结论:对首先主诉腰痛的男性患者,首诊医师一定要检查睾丸,以免漏诊;对疑为睾丸扭转者,应急诊手术探查。     

Testicular torsion: which suture should be used?

We report a case of left testicular torsion four months after a similar homolateral case in which we did detorsion and bilateral fixation of both testicles. The antecedent orchiopexy was accomplished using 3-0 silk and transseptal fixation of the contralateral testicle. A history of bilateral orchiopexy should nor interfere with diagnosing torsion in the acute scrotum. We recommend the use of nonabsorbable suture material joining the testis to the dartos muscle in 3 locations and the contralateral hemiscrotum must be explored.     

小儿急性睾丸扭转(附19例报告)

目的 探讨小儿急性睾丸扭转的诊治方法。方法 回顾分析19例5d至13岁小儿急性睾丸扭转的发病、治疗和预后等临床资料。结果 左侧睾丸扭转15例，右侧扭转4例；发病至就诊时间3h-4d；19例均接受手术治疗。17例为鞘膜内扭转，其中14个睾丸已坏死，行睾丸切除术；睾丸存活，5个，行睾丸固定术。2例为鞘膜外扭转，睾丸均已坏死，行睾丸切除术。结论 睾丸扭转是常见小儿阴囊急症，及早手术是避免睾丸坏死的关键。     

Testicular torsion: direction,degree, duration and disinformation

PURPOSE: We reviewed and contrast with the literature the cumulative clinical experience at our pediatric urological division in the last 20 years with managing testicular torsion, focusing specifically on the direction and degree of testicular torsion and the duration of symptoms before presentation. We also addressed the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms, role of manual detorsion, residual torsion and incidence of atrophy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 200 consecutive males 18 months to 20 years old who underwent surgical exploration by a pediatric urologist for a diagnosis of testicular torsion between 1980 and 2000. RESULTS: Of 186 nonelective explorations symptoms were localized to the left side in 52% and to the right side in 48%. Information on the direction and degree of testicular rotation was available in 162 of 186 cases (87%) and anticipated medial rotation occurred in only 108 (67%). Lateral rotation in 54 of 162 cases (33%) occurred in 28 of 84 (33%) with left torsion and in 26 of 78 (33%) with right torsion. A median of 540 degrees of torsion (range 180 to 1,080) was noted in the 70 orchiectomy cases (38%) and a median of 360 degrees (range 180 to 1,080) was noted in the 116 salvaged testes (62%). Manual detorsion was attempted in 53 orchiopexy cases with residual torsion in 17 (32%). Testicular atrophy developed in 27% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The traditional teaching that testicular torsion occurs primarily in the medial direction is misleading since in a third of cases it occurs in the lateral direction. While manual detorsion should be guided by response and return of normal anatomy, surgical exploration remains necessary since residual torsion still poses a risk to testicular viability. Long-term followup is warranted to assess the true incidence of subsequent atrophy after the management of acute testicular torsion.     

The significance of measuring the time course of serum malondialdehyde concentration in patients with torsion of the testis

PURPOSE: We determined the time course of malondialdehyde, a measure of free radical damage, in patients undergoing standard surgical treatment for testicular torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients presenting with testicular torsion were studied prospectively. Blood samples were obtained after administering general anesthesia but before surgical incision, and 10 minutes, 30 minutes and 24 hours after detorsion. Orchiopexy was performed in patients with viable testes (group 1) and orchiectomy was performed in those with nonviable testes (group 2). Further blood samples were obtained 1 and 3 months after surgery. Similar blood samples were taken from controls, including patients younger than 40 years undergoing other operations involving manipulation of the testis, such as hydrocelectomy or orchiopexy (group 3). The level of malondialdehyde in each serum sample was determined by the thiobarbituric acid reaction. RESULTS: A total of 65 patients were studied, including 56 with testicular torsion and 9 controls (group 3). Of the 56 patients 11 (19.6%) with testicular torsion underwent ipsilateral orchiectomy and contralateral orchiopexy (group 2). The remaining 45 patients (80.4%) underwent bilateral orchiopexy (group 1). However serum malondialdehyde was estimated in only 34 of the 56 patients with torsion. Mean malondialdehyde at 0, 10 and 30 minutes, 24 hours, and 3 and 6 months was 3.3, 3.69, 3.69, 2.9, 2.65 and 2.39 nmol./ml. on the 24 group 1 patients, 3.53, 4.56, 3.87, 2.87, 2.82 and 2.64 nmol./ml. in the 10 group 2 patients, and 3.6, 3.08, 3.18, 2.95, 2.88 and 2.65 nmol./ml. in the 9 group 3 controls, respectively. The highest serum malondialdehyde was at 10 minutes after detorsion in groups 1 and 2. There was a statistically significant difference in malondialdehyde between groups 1 and 2 compared with group 3 at 10 minutes (p <0.04). Serum malondialdehyde returned to baseline at 24 hours in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that testicular torsion and its treatment with detorsion is an example of ischemia-reperfusion injury, producing measurable changes in malondialdehyde in humans. Thus, serum malondialdehyde could be used to determine the extent of injury.     

Two cases of testicular torsion diagnosed by the ultrasonic Doppler method

Two cases of testicular torsion diagnosed with ultrasonic Doppler method are reported. Case 1. A 17-year-old male noticed pain and swelling of the right intrascrotal contents during sleeping and visited our clinic. A Doppler signal was obtained from the normal testicle, but not from the affected one. Bilateral orchiopexy was therefore done under the diagnosis of right testicular torsion. Case 2. A 20-year-old male visited our clinic with complaints of pain and swelling of the right intrascrotal contents. The ultrasonic Doppler method revealed no blood flow to the right testicle. After manual detorsion, pain improved and Doppler sound was audible. Bilateral prophylactic orchiopexy was performed later.