Single-stage hypospadias repair using the operating microscope

Because of the continuing trend toward earlier repair of hypospadias, improved visualization of tissues is important. We have reviewed 33 consecutive hypospadias repairs performed using the operating microscope. Complications included three strictures (9.1%) and five fistulae (15.1%). The microscope proved most useful in resident teaching, allowing both surgeon and assistant to visualize optimally the tissues.     

One-stage hypospadias repair

A surgical technique for correction of hypospadias with chordee in one stage is described. This technique which brings the ectopic meatus up to the tip of the glans was successfully applied in 3 cases of penoscrotal and in 8 cases of penile hypospadias.     

Glandular hypospadias repair

Glandular hypospadias represents approximately 15% of the hypospadias variants seen. This article will examine common surgical approaches applicable to the child with glandular hypospadias. Hypospadias repairs discussed in this article will include urethromeatoplasty, MAGPI, the GAP procedure, MIV glans plasty, urethral advancement procedure, and parameatal based flap variants, including the Mathieu and Barcat procedures. Because these anomalies are cosmetically less aberrant than more proximal variants, only those surgical techniques which assure a normal-appearing penis should be undertaken.     

尿道下裂手术后并发症(附110例报告)

目的 探讨尿道下裂手术后并发症发生因素和预防处理的办法。方法 对７年１１０例尿道下裂不同手术方法（Ｄｕｐｌａｙ法４０例，随囊纵隔瓣法３０例，Ｄｕｃｋｅｔｔ包皮瓣法４０例）的并发症进行分析。结果 并发症包括尿瘘３１例（２８．２％），尿道憩室或狭窄６例，尿道僵直４例，非正常尿道开口２８例（２５．６％），阴茎扭转９例。结论 降低尿瘘的发生率是尿道下裂手术成功的关键，Ｄｕｃｋ－ｅｔｔ包皮瓣法可作为尿道下裂     

Complications of hypospadias repair

Any surgeon performing hypospadias repair must be prepared to manage the surgical complications. From January 1976 to December 1982, 176 cases of hypospadias treated with a number of different operations were critically analyzed for complications. There were no complications in 143 cases (81 per cent). However, there were 44 surgical complications in the remaining 33 patients (19 per cent), which included stricture formation (11), urethral fistula (11), severe skin edema (2), subcutaneous hematoma (2), persistent chordee (2), scrotal abscess (1) and bladder calculus (1). Treatment of the various complications is discussed along with suggestions on how to avoid them. When only 3 operations are considered (meatal advancement and glanuloplasty, flip-flap procedure and free graft tubed urethroplasty), surgical repair of all types of hypospadias was accomplished, without any complications in 89 per cent of the cases. The results of hypospadias repair have improved because of the availability of these more reliable procedures that provide a lower incidence of complications and improved cosmetic appearance.     

Complications of hypospadias repair

Hypospadias is one of the most frequently encountered congenital malformations of the genitourinary system. The incidence in studies of large populations has been reported to be from 1 to 8 per 1000 male births. For centuries the imagination and creativity of surgeons has been challenged to create a phallus that is both functional and cosmetic. Over the last 30 years numerous new operations and techniques have been developed with the objective of achieving improved cosmetic results with minimal complications.     

Complications of hypospadias repair

Hypospadias is one of the more common and one of the most challenging problems in urologic surgery. The past two decades have ushered in an era of new operations and variations of older ones, which, when coupled with technical advancements and improvements in management, have redefined the aims of the surgeon, who now strives to create a "normal" penis with a minimum of complications. Minimization of complications is contingent on selection of an operation properly tailored to the individual's anatomy. To this end, the surgeon's armamentarium must include a variety of repairs and familiarity with the limitations and potential complications inherent in each. After describing the principles of surgical selection, technique, and postoperative management used in our institution, this article deals primarily with the avoidance and management of the immediate and long-term complications of hypospadias surgery.     

尿道下裂手术术式的选择(附93例报告)

目的 对尿道下裂进行回顾性研究.方法 2003年5月至2008年9月收治93例确诊尿道下裂患者,根据不同类型分别采用尿道口前移、阴茎头成形法(MAGPI术式)、尿道板纵切卷管法或加盖岛状皮板法(Snodgrass术或Onlay术)、横裁或纵裁包皮岛状皮瓣尿道成形(Duckett术)、阴囊中缝皮管加横裁包皮岛状皮瓣成形尿道(Duplay联合Duckett术)、弧形带蒂阴茎阴囊联合皮瓣尿道成形术治疗不同类型的尿道下裂.结果 治愈82例,并发尿道瘘6例,尿道狭窄5例,治愈率为88.2%(82/93).81例获随访,平均随访时间23.5个月(1～42个月),随访期间患儿排尿正常.结论 尿道下裂术式的选择并无统一标准,应根据术者的经验及患者情况来选择,细心周到的术后护理能降低并发症的发生..     

Hallucinations after hypospadias repair

The authors report a case of a 4-year-old child who developed hallucinations after hypospadias repair. He was brought to the emergency department the morning after outpatient surgery where the diagnosis of central anticholinergic syndrome was made. We review oxybutynin overdose and the importance of providing clear instruction to parents and caregivers about the administration of medications.     

尿道下裂分期手术矫治

重型初治尿道下裂和既往手术后残留严重问题的残废性尿道下裂是尿道下裂矫治中的难题,重建材料的严重缺乏是突出的问题,勉强一期完成矫治常伴有较高的并发症危险和不良的外观。近年来越来越多学者认为对于这些难治性尿道下裂应采取分期手术矫治。本文介绍尿道下裂分期手术矫治的新观念,并分析分期手术的适应证、手术基本要求、手术选择的术中解剖评估以及常用的主要分期手术方式。     

Outcome of hypospadias fistula repair

Objectives To examine the long-term results of hypospadias fistula repair, the factors involved in recurrence and the outcome in cases where this has occurred. Patients and methods The study comprised 113 children undergoing urethrocutaneous fistula repair between 1984 and 1996. Most of the fistulae were closed in two to three layers, with or without a transpositional skin flap. Tunica vaginalis or a scrotal dartos flap was used in patients with inadequate vascularized tissue adjacent to the fistula. Success rates were calculated for each attempt at fistula repair until the patient was cured. Results The median (range) age at primary fistula repair was 40 (18-169) months and the median follow-up after the most recent repair 7.5 (2.3-17) years. The overall success rate of primary fistula repair was 71%. Fistulae which were >2 mm (11 of 21, 52%) were more likely to recur than were those < or = 2 mm (22 of 92, 24%). Recurrence did not relate to the initial form of hypospadias repair, to the means of skin closure nor, with the exception of multiple lesions, to the location of the fistula. The success rates of subsequent repairs were 70% at the second and 50% at the third, fourth and fifth repairs. One child was cured at the sixth attempt. The use of tunica vaginalis or scrotal dartos as a 'waterproofing' layer was limited to the third or subsequent repairs and was successful in five of six cases. Conclusion A simple layered closure with or with no transpositional skin flap is effective in 71% of repairs. For recurrent fistulae, tissues from an unscarred area (tunica vaginalis or scrotal dartos layer) should be used to cover the fistula.     

Operative repair of retroglandular hypospadias

The operative repair of retroglandular hypospadias should be individualized. In some cases only resection of hooded foreskin and meatotomy are required. In a small number of properly selected cases a one-stage operation may be performed. In most cases a three-stage repair was carried out by the authors.     

One-stage repair of hypospadias.

A new one-stage procedure for repair of penile hypospadias is presented. Seventeen cases have been performed with minimum complications. The steps of the procedure are described.     

A method of hypospadias repair

Summary The treatment of hypospadias requires the release of chordee and the reconstruction of a new urethra to provide for a satisfactory sexual function and normal micturition. A technique is described in two stages. In the first stage a large dorsal apron flap of prepuce skin is developed by a pericoronal incision. The chordee is released well beyond the urethral opening. A button-hole incision allows the prepuce flap to be reflected to the ventral surface. The distal part of this flap is formed into a skinlined tube with raw surface outward and pulled through a transglandular tunnel incision to the tip of the glans while rotating it 180 degrees. The ventral surface is closed. After three to six months, the penis presenting with a subglandular opening of the tube and the proximal hypospadiac urethra, the final reconstruction is undertaken. The excess ventrally shifted skin from the first stage between both orifices is incised by means of two parallel incisions and tubed to form one continuous urethral skin tube. A multi-layer closure burying the tube completes the procedure. The technique has given very encouraging results.