心房粘液瘤对心房除极的影响

为探讨心房粘液瘤对心房激动过程的影响,对19例左心房粘液瘤和2例右心房粘液瘤的VCG高倍P环(1mV=360mm)进行测量,结果显示不同部位粘液瘤对心房激动的影响不同,VCGP环亦不同.左心房粘液瘤P环时限延长,除左心房肥大外,较容易判断出双侧心有肥大、房内传导阻滞.右心房粘液瘤P环时限正常,仅表现右心房肥大.VCG上放大的P环能比ECG上P波更敏感地反映出心房异常活动的电变化.     

Prolapsing right atrial myxoma: clinical and heamodynamic considerations.

A 22-year-old woman with a right atrial myxoma prolapsing to the right ventricle is described. The haemodynamic findings were similar to those of cases of prolapsing myxoma of the left atrium; a notching on the ascending limb of the right ventricular pressure curve, and an initial negative, irregular deflection on the pulmonary artery pressure curve with a pronounced rise in the mean right atrial pressure (18 mmHg) were found. On deep inspiration there was a significant deepening of the y descent from 12 mmHg to 2 mmHg, indicating a changing, dynamic obstruction of the right ventricle inflow tract. These haemodynamic features can be helpful in the diagnosis of prolapsing right atrial myxoma.     

Right atrial myxoma in an infant

Cardiac myxomas are extremely rare in infancy. We report a case of right atrial myxoma in a 35-day-old male infant (with cyanosis and convulsions). Echocardiography was carried out and a diagnosis of right atrial myxoma was made. Open heart surgery was performed using cardiopulmonary bypass and a 2.5 X 3.0 cm mass was removed. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. To our knowledge there is no previously reported case of right atrial myxoma in such a young infant which was operated on successfully.     

Echocardiography of an operated case of a myxoma of the tricuspid valve

The case of a 6 year old child with a tricuspid valve myxoma is presented. Early diagnosis by echocardiography, confirmed by angiography, resulted in surgical cure before any symptoms appeared. This is the only reported echocardiographic study of a myxoma inserted on the tricuspid valve found in a review of the literature of 6 cases of right ventricular myxoma. The tricuspid valves were found to be thickened and prolapsed into the right atrium. The amplitude of excursion of the anterior leaflet was greatly increased, its mass projecting into the right ventricular outflow tract in diastole and remaining there until the end of right ventricular ejection. The echocardiographic signs localising the precise origin of the tumor in the tricuspid valve are developed. The differential diagnosis with right atrial myxoma prolapsing into the ventricular cavity, benign and malignant right ventricular tumours and tricuspid valve vegetations is discussed. The precision of the diagnostic information obtained by echocardiography suggests that angiography may not be essential any longer, especially when the risk of embolisation and acute obstruction are taken into consideration.     

心脏黏液瘤的外科诊治分析

目的 探讨心脏黏液瘤的外科治疗的临床要素.方法 回顾性分析92例心脏黏液瘤患者的临床资料并复习相关文献.结果 1997年至2012年收治经手术治疗和病理证实的心脏黏液瘤患者92例,男性38例,女性54例,年龄4～67岁,病史1个月至5年;其中左房黏液瘤80例,右房黏液瘤6例,双心房黏液瘤2例,右心室黏液瘤3例,左心室黏液瘤1例.术前均由超声心动图确诊,在全麻体外循环下手术摘除黏液瘤.同期行二尖瓣成形、二尖瓣置换术各3例,三尖瓣成形6例.术前诊断率100％.所有患者均治愈出院.87例经随访,随访时间3个月至5年2个月,复发1例.结论 心脏黏液瘤是最常见的心脏肿瘤,手术治疗效果确切.把握手术时机、避免肿瘤脱落引起栓塞等并发症的发生是手术成功的重要因素.超声心动图对诊断及随访均具有重要意义.     

Detection of atypical right atrial myxoma by echocardiography

Atrial myxomas are the most common primary cardiac tumors. They are commonly found in the atria and are attached to the interatrial septum. We report a case of a right atrial cardiac myxoma in a 47-year-old woman who presented with fatigue, right-sided chest pain, and a syncopal episode. Echocardiography demonstrated an atypical attachment of the myxoma to the free wall of the right atrium. The features of cardiac myxoma and the role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac myxomas are also discussed.     

Selective coronary angiography in intracardiac tumors

Cardiac catheterization and selective coronary angiography were performed in ten patients with intra-cardiac tumors [left atrial myxoma (7), right atrial myxoma (1), angiosarcoma of right heart (1), and right ventricular tumor (1)]. The patient with angiosarcoma had characteristic hemodynamics suggesting cardiac compression. The coronary arteriographic finding included: neovascularization (8); filling defect due to emboli (1); and displacement of coronary artery (1). Tumor neovascularization from branches of the left circumflex or right coronary artery was invariably observed in patients with myxoma. We conclude that invasive studies are safe, provide additional information of academic interest, and occasionally aid in the diagnosis.     

Abnormal diastolic movement of the interventricular septum caused by a prolapsing right atrial myxoma

A 40 year old woman with cough and exertional dyspnoea was found to have a large right atrial myxoma by M mode and cross sectional echocardiography. Prolapse of the tumour into the right ventricle occurred during diastole with sufficient force to cause mechanical distortion of the interventricular septum. Septal motion became normal after surgical resection of the myxoma.     

Persistence of the right venous sinus valve simulating a right atrial myxoma in a case of total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Echocardiographic, anatomo-clinical and surgical aspects

A case of persistence of the right venous sinus valve that on echocardiographic examination simulated right atrial myxoma is reported in a patient with total abnormal pulmonary venous return in the coronary sinus. Echocardiography showed a mobile, pedunculated mass present in systole in the right atrium that shifted to diastole in the right ventricle, highly suggestive of right atrial myxoma. The right ventricle also showed a volume overload and a space without echoes behind the left atrium. A membrane was encountered in the right atrium at surgery. This was removed and the venous return corrected.     

心脏粘液瘤的外科治疗

目的:总结心脏粘液瘤的外科治疗经验。方法:自1994年11月到2005年10月,25例心脏粘液瘤病人在低温体外循环下接受粘液瘤摘除术,其中左房粘液瘤18例,右房粘液瘤5例,右室粘液瘤1例,左室粘液瘤1例;2例同时行三尖瓣成形术,1例同时行二尖瓣成形术。结果:全组无围手术期死亡,1例72岁患者术后5 d因肺炎呼衰自动出院,24例痊愈出院;随访4月到10年,平均5.4年,无1例术后复发和远处种植转移。结论:超声心动图是诊断心脏粘液瘤的最有效方法,心脏粘液瘤手术疗效好,一经确诊应立即手术。     

Massive pulmonary embolism associated with a right ventricular myxoma

A 12 year old boy had a massive pulmonary embolism associated with a right ventricular myxoma. This caused complete occlusion of the main trunk of the left pulmonary artery and of a branch of the right pulmonary artery supplying the basal area of the lower lobe of the right lung. The patient died despite two surgical attempts to remove the tumor clots. To our knowledge this constitutes the first report of a massive pulmonary artery embolism associated with a right ventricular myxoma.     

Survival of a patient with an infected right atrial myxoma following surgery

We describe an infected right atrial myxoma in a previouslyhealthy 16-year-old schoolboy. He presented with high temperaturesand rigors due to staph aureus septicaemia. The illness respondedslowly to antibiotics and he became afebrile. Whilst awaitingsurgery the temperature recurred. He underwent removal of themyxoma and is the only reported patient to have survived infectionof a right atrial myxoma.     

Large Right Atrial Myxoma Containing Gastric Heterotopia Presenting with Dyspnea and Bilateral Leg Edema due to Pulmonary Emboli and Cardiovascular Obstruction: The First Known Report of Gastric Heterotopia in the Cardiovascular System

A 52-year-old male presented with progressive dyspnea, bilateral leg edema, and elevated central venous pressure due to a large right atrial myxoma that caused vascular obstruction and pulmonary emboli. The myxoma contained gastric heterotopia. Other unusual features of this atrial myxoma included its large size, right atrial location, and attachment to the right atrial wall. Although gastric heterotopia has been reported throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and occasionally in other organs, this is the first report of gastric heterotopia in the cardiovascular system. This report confirms and extends previous reports of glandular elements or enteric glands within atrial, or cardiac, myxomas. The clinical presentation of the currently reported patient is explained as follows: the elevated central venous pressure resulted from cardiovascular obstruction and the dyspnea from multiple pulmonary emboli due to the large atrial myxoma. In this case, the clinical presentation was not attributable to the gastric heterotopia. The association of gastric heterotopia with atrial myxoma may, however, be clinically important because of the propensity of gastric heterotopia in the gastrointestinal tract to produce complications. The reported association may provide clues to the histogenesis of these two entities.     

Familial atrial myxoma.

Two siblings 14 years apart were found to have atrial myxomas. The brother's right atrial myxoma was found at age 21 and his sister's left atrial myxoma, with peripheral cerebral and coronary aneurysms, at age 30. Both tumors were excised successfully. These findings support previous reports suggesting that atrial myxoma may be familial. Echocardiography can be used effectively in the diagnosis of atrial myxoma, detection of its possible recurrence, and screening other members of the family.     

Right ventricular myxoma originating from a papillary muscle: a case report

Very few cases of ventricular myxoma originate from a papillary muscle. Patients with a cardiac myxoma and a history of colorectal carcinoma are also rare. Here, we present a case of an extremely large right ventricular myxoma that originated from the posteromedial papillary muscle in a patient with a history of colorectal carcinoma.     

Myxoma of the right atrium. Apropos of 10 surgically treated cases]

In a series of 100 patients with intracardiac myxoma, the lesion was in the right atrium in 10 cases. The authors attempt to define the particular features of right atrial myxoma in terms of clinical aspects, outcome and pathology. The diagnostic difficulty raised by complex clinical pictures (including right ventricular failure, pseudopericardial forms and forms with a predominance of systemic problems) has now been resolved by imaging and, above all echocardiography. Consequences for the right side of the heart may involve the pulmonary artery with myxomatous emboli causing multiple fusiform aneurysms and pulmonary hypertension, or, more rarely, the tricuspid (with need for valve replacement), vena cava (Budd-Chiari syndrome) or atrial septum (right/left shunt). Alongside systemic problems due to interleukin 6, erythrocyte abnormalities are a new feature. Frequent etiological inclusion in a Carney complex explains recurrences and multi-cavity forms. The dominant pathological feature is tumor calcifications, no doubt as a result of the long presymptomatic phase of myxoma.     

Atrial myxoma in a family.

A family is described in which the mother and three of seven children had atrial myxoma. The mother had biatrial myxoma; surgical treatment resulted in massive intraoperative embolization and death. Surgery was sucessful in two sons with left atrial myxoma and systemic arterial embolization. A third son had calcified right atrial myxoma with destruction of the tricuspid valve and episodes of syncope and pulmonary embolism; surgery including valve replacement, was successful. The mother's father and a brother had died suddenly without a definite diagnosis. The family data are consistent with dominant transmission. The possibility of finding affected relatives should be borne in mind when studying patients with atrial myxoma.     

Right atrial myxoma arising from the Eustachian valve in a patient with colonic polyposis

Right atrial myxoma arising from the Eustachian valve is rare, with only two reported cases; moreover, any association with colonic polyps is uncommon, with only one such case documented. A case is described of a 68-year-old male who presented with chronic anemia; an initial investigation revealed colonic polyps, but anemia persisted after polypectomy. Further investigation revealed a right atrial myxoma arising from the Eustachian valve and prolapsing into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. After successful removal of the lesion, hematological indices returned to normal. In cases of persisting anemia, other rare causes such as atrial myxoma should be sought.     

The surgical treatment of cardiac myxomas: 10 years of experience]

Over a ten-year period (September 1980-July 1990) 3172 patients underwent open heart surgery in our hospital. Twenty five patients (0.78%) had a cardiac myxoma. There were 18 female and 7 male patients, mean age of 32.3 +/- 21 years (4-61). Left atrial myxomas were diagnosed in 18 patients, left ventricular myxoma in three, right atrial myxoma in two, and one in right ventricle; there was a biatrial myxoma in one case, another had biatrial and left ventricular myxoma. The clinical manifestations of right sided myxomas was congestive heart failure. Patients with left myxoma frequently presented embolic episodes. Myxoma diagnosis was made by means of chest films, EKG and two-dimensional echocardiography which proved effective in twenty four of our patients; cardiac catheterization was performed in ten of them. Symptoms before diagnosis lasted an average of 16.3 months and mean time from diagnosis to operation was 6.6 days. Different surgical approaches are analyzed and discussed. Concomitant surgical procedures were performed in five patients: mitral annuloplasty in one, mitral valve replacement in four (two biological and two mechanical prosthesis). In eight patients the resulting septal defect due to resection of pedicle was closed with pericardial or dacron patches. There were two operative deaths due to pulmonary emboli in one and multiple organ failure in other. Cardiac myxoma is the more frequent primary neoplasm of the heart; its "benign" nature is doubtful; cure by surgical excision can be considered in vast majority of patients and its morbidity is reasonably low.     

浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳下心房黏液瘤手术分析

目的探讨浅低温体外循环（CPB）心脏不停跳下心房黏液瘤的手术方法及效果。方法回顾性分析2003年1月-2009年3月原发性心房黏液瘤患者的临床资料及手术方法,所有患者均在全麻浅低温CPB心脏跳动中手术。结果CPB时间19～69（42．2±14．9）min,施行左房黏液瘤摘除37例、右房黏液瘤摘除5例、双房黏液瘤摘除2例,无脑栓、气栓等并发症及围术期死亡,均痊愈出院。随访1个月～6a,38例得到有效随访,6例失访,均未见复发。结论心房黏液瘤诊断明确后应尽早手术,采用浅低温CPB心脏跳动中手术是切实可行的方法。