Position of polyaxial versus monoaxial screws in locked plating for proximal humeral fractures: analysis of a prospective randomized study

Background

Aim of the study was to compare the chosen position of polyaxial locking screws with the position of monoaxial screws in the humeral head of proximal humeral fractures treated by locked plating.

Methods

In a prospective randomized observational study, 124 consecutive patients (mean age 70.9 ± 14.8 years) sustaining a displaced proximal humeral fracture were treated with either monoaxial or polyaxial screw-inserted locking plate fixation. The chosen positions of locking screws were identified from standardized postoperative radiographs in anteroposterior and outlet-view, with regard to a regional mapping of the humeral head.

Results

In monoaxial locking technique, a mean of 6 screws purchased the humeral head (95 % CI 5.1–6.2), and in polyaxial locking technique, a mean of 4 screws (95 % CI 3.3–4.5), respectively. Screws were placed in the regions superolateral: monoaxial 24.8 %, polyaxial 20.7 % (p = 0.49); superomedial: monoaxial 21.9 %, polyaxial 20.0 % (p = 0.433); inferolateral: monoaxial 32.5 %, polyaxial 35.0 % (p = 0.354); inferomedial: monoaxial 20.8 %, polyaxial 24.2 % (p = 0.07), superoposterior: monoaxial 45.5 %, polyaxial 30.8 % (p = 0.57); superoanterior: monoaxial 4.4 %, polyaxial 8.3 % (p = 0.33); inferoposterior: monoaxial 22.5 %, polyaxial 29.8 % (p = 0.49) and inferoanterior: monoaxial 27.5 %, polyaxial: 31.2 % (p = 0.09).

Conclusion

The chosen screws’ position in monoaxial and polyaxial locking plate fixation of displaced proximal humeral fractures do not differ significantly. However, loss of fixation is observed more frequently if the fixation did not include at least one screw within the superoposterior region of the humeral head, suggesting that a screw purchasing the superoposterior region is beneficial in locked plating of proximal humeral fractures.

Level of evidence

Treatment Study, Level II.     

有限切开经三角肌入路肱骨近端锁定接骨板治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的:探讨有限切开经三角肌入路应用肱骨近端锁定接骨板(proximal humeral internallocking system,PHILOS)治疗肱骨近端骨折临床效果。方法:自2006年3月至2010年8月采用经肩峰下前外侧有限切开三角肌入路PHILOS钢板治疗22例肱骨近端骨折,Neer分型,Ⅱ型6例,Ⅲ型15例,Ⅳ型1例。经肩前外侧入路,于肩峰下1cm做前外侧纵行切口,长4cm,纵行分离三角肌,探及骨折,直接或间接复位骨折端。PHILOS钢板通过三角肌层下插至肱骨前外侧面,远近端锁定螺钉固定,观测术后1年Neer肩关节功能评分。结果:手术时间30～70min,平均45min。术中无须输血,切口均Ⅰ期愈合。22例均获随访,时间6～18个月,平均12.5个月,骨折全部愈合,愈合时间6～12周。根据Neer肩关节功能评分标准:优10例,良9例,可2例,差1例。无一例出现腋神经损伤、螺钉松动、钢板断裂、肩关节脱位以及肱骨头坏死。结论:有限切开经三角肌入路应用PHILOS钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折具有复位简洁、微创、组织侵袭小的优点,有利于术后早期功能锻炼,是治疗肱骨近端骨折理想的方法。     

Operative versus non-operative treatment for two-part surgical neck fractures of the proximal humerus

Introduction

Aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of operative as compared to conserveative treatment for two-part humerus fractures at the surgical neck.

Methods

Data from a prospective multi-centre cohort study on four treatment options (conservative treatment and three implants, i.e. LPHP, PHILOS and PHN) for proximal humerus fractures were evaluated in this post hoc analysis. All patients with two-part fractures of the surgical neck (AO types A2, n = 54 and A3, n = 110) were identified and included for the analysis. All operatively treated patients were gathered and compared to those receiving conservative treatment. Primary outcome parameters were pain, range of motion and absolute and relative Constant scores at 3, 6 and 12 months following injury and coronal plane alignment at 12 months.

Results

Operative (n = 133) and non-operative (n = 31) groups were comparable with regard to all parameters assessed including mean age (62.9 vs. 65.6, P = 0.479), gender (27 vs. 29 % male, P = 0.826) and fracture distribution (65 vs. 77 % A3 type, P = 0.207). 26 of the 31 conservatively treated and 103 of the 133 operatively treated patients (84 and 77 %, respectively) were available for final follow-up. There was a continuous improvement for all outcome parameters in both treatment groups (P < 0.001). Operative treatment resulted in a more effective reduction of pain at 3 months (51 vs. 76 % reporting pain at fracture site, P = 0.03) and a reduction of coronal plane malalignment. Both range of motion and Constant scores were, however, comparable in both groups at all follow-up visits. Relative and absolute Constant scores were generally excellent at final follow-up (74 vs. 74, P = 0.528 and 89 vs. 91, P = 0.494, respectively).

Conclusions

Both non-operative treatment and operative treatment using modern implants (LPHP, PHILOS and PHN) can be considered safe and effective treatment options for two-part fractures of the proximal humerus. Operative treatment may result in better range of motion and reduced pain in the early postoperative course of treatment.     

The use of locking plates in proximal humeral fractures: Comparison of outcome by patient age and fracture pattern

Purpose:

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of a proximal humeral locking plate, and to specifically study the effect of patient age and fracture type on the outcome.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-one cases of proximal humeral fractures fixed by using the proximal humeral interlocking (PHILOS) plate were reviewed.

Results:

Average functional scores (minimum 18 months post operation) per AO / ASIF fracture type were 25.3 for type A, 21.4 for type B, and 22.7 for type C. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. The functional scores for patients over 65 years of age were significantly inferior (P = 0.03). At a final radiological review (mean 12 months post operation), 30 (96%) of the patients demonstrated fracture union. Seven patients (22.5%) required a second surgical procedure.

Conclusion:

We obtained both good functional results and bone healing with the PHILOS plate, irrespective of fracture type; the older patients had a poorer outcome. We caution the surgeons on the high potential for reoperations with its use.     

The treatment of complex proximal humeral fractures: analysis of the results of 55 cases treated with PHILOS plate

Complex proximal humerus fractures are often difficult to treat. Their frequency is high, especially in the elderly, and their treatment is still controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and radiological results achieved by patients with complex proximal humerus fractures, treated with PHILOS plate only. A cohort of 55 patients was selected. The mean age was 63.4 (range 33–89), while the mean follow-up time was 21.5 months (range 6–75). Clinical outcome was evaluated with the “Constant–Murley shoulder score.” All the informations about the presence of complications were gathered, and radiological images were used to calculate the head-shaft angle. The overall mean Constant score was 61.93 ± 18.59, the Individual CS was 70 ± 20 % and the Relative CS was 83 ± 23 %. No significant differences were found between fractures Neer 3 and Neer 4 and between the surgical approaches (delta-split vs. delto-pectoral). Six patients had a fracture with dislocation, seven patients (12.7 %) had complications while in four patients a head-shaft angle beyond the normal range was found. Osteosynthesis with PHILOS plate is stable in the greater part of the cases, and it allows an earlier rehabilitation and so a good functional result, which could be compromised by a prolonged immobilization. Therefore, PHILOS plate is a good option for the treatment of complex proximal humerus fractures.     

Komplikationen winkelstabiler Plattenosteosynthesen am Humeruskopf

From January 2002 to April 2005, 200 proximal humeral head fractures in 196 patients with an average age of 67 years (±16) were treated with an angular-stable proximal humeral plate (PHILOS, Synthes). A total of 162 patients were followed-up at a mean interval of 13.8 months. The mean constant score was 66±19 points. With 81 registered complications, 40 revision operations were necessary. Most of these were due to technical errors such as implant-dislocation of the screws (22) or plates (6). Intraoperative axial varus deviations (7) or insufficient reduction of the tubercula (8) were also found. Secondary implant loosening in the humeral head or in the shaft was registered in seven times. Necroses of the humeral head (5), partial necroses (9) or sintering (4) appeared to be due to the fracture type and should be rated more as a consequence of a blood circulation disturbance rather than a technical failure. Despite the considerable rate of complications, the proximal locking humeral plate offers good potential for fixing dislocated fracture parts, thus permitting early functional treatment.     

肱骨近端内固定锁室系统接骨板治疗肱骨近端外翻嵌插四部分骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨利用AO肱骨近端内固定锁室系统(proximal humeral internal locking system,PHILOS)接骨板切开复位内固定治疗肱骨近端外翻嵌插四部分骨折的术后疗效.方法 对11例平均年龄42岁的肱骨近端外翻嵌插四部分骨折的患者进行手术治疗.术中注意保护小结节内侧的骨膜连续性,仅在结节间沟外侧进行显露,肱骨头复位后骨缺损处行自体骨或同种异体骨移植,PImDS接骨板板内固定.结果 经平均20个月的随访发现1例肱骨头坏死,坏死率为9.1%.肩关节平均前屈上举150°、外旋20°、内旋Th12,JOA评分平均91分.结论 利用PHILOS接骨板切开复位内固定治疗肱骨近端外翻嵌插四部分骨折取得了良好的疗效.     

Minimal-invasive Plattenosteosynthese proximaler Humerusschaftfrakturen mittels langer PHILOS-Platte

Objective

Closed reduction and minimally invasive stabilization of proximal humeral shaft fractures with long PHILOS plates. The presented technique enables stable extramedullary fixation of the fractures without affecting surrounding nerves.

Indications

Proximal humeral shaft fractures that may not be fixed by intramedullary nailing because of a narrow, deformed or occupied intramedullary canal or because of open growth plates.

Contraindications

Fractures that may not be reduced adequately by traction or with percutaneous techniques. Furthermore, fractures with delayed or nonunion and pseudarthrosis should not be treated with this technique.

Surgical technique

An anterolateral delta split approach is used to create an epiperiosteal tunnel along the humeral shaft from proximally to distally. A second incision is made distally at the lateral border of the biceps muscle. The brachialis muscle is dissected longitudinally. The PHILOS plate is twisted so that the proximal part of the plate can be placed laterally and the distal part anterolaterally at the humeral shaft. The plate is inserted into the epiperiostal tunnel and fixed with percutaneous screws.

Postoperative management

The arm is immobilized in a Gilchrest bandage until wounds are healed. Active-assisted physiotherapeutic mobilization without loading starts on the first postoperative day. Active mobilization starts 8–12 weeks postoperatively. In cases of soft tissue irritation the PHILOS plate may be removed after 1 year.

Results

Between 2005 and 2011 a total of 16 patients (8 women and 8 men) were treated with the presented technique. The patients mean age was 61 years. According to the AO classification, five fractures were classified as type A, eight as type B and three fractures as type C. All patients had clinical and radiological follow-up examinations after a mean of 24 months (12–38 months). All fractures showed complete bony consolidation at the final follow-up. The mean Constant-Murley score was 81 points representing 84% of the Constant-Murley score of the healthy contralateral shoulder. The average DASH score was 33 points and the mean SF36 was 85 points.     

A new approach for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures using the TRIGEN proximal humeral nail

The optimal surgical treatment for displaced proximal humeral fractures continues to be controversial. One of the new treatment options is the minimally invasive intramedullary nail. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome of using the TRIGEN proximal humeral nail (PHN) for the treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients. From January 2004 to December 2008, 64 elderly patients (age > 60 years old) with displaced proximal humeral fractures were treated using TRIGEN PHN. A complete 12-month postoperative follow-up was available for 54 patients. The study cohort included two-part (29 shoulders), three-part (22 shoulders), and four-part (3 shoulders) Neer classification fracture types. The Constant-Murley score was used to assess functional outcome. Radiological outcomes were evaluated, and all complications were recorded. All fractures were united. The Constant-Murley score data indicated that the patients experienced improvement from 6 to 12 months postoperatively. The mean absolute Constant-Murley score on the injured side increased from 71.2 ± 11.2 points at 6 months to 82.4 ± 16.4 points at 12 months (P = 0.01). The mean neck-shaft angle 1 year after surgery was 125° ± 8.1° (95°–140°). Secondary complications were minimal and observed in only 6 of 54 patients. In conclusion, the TRIGEN intramedullary humeral nail is effective for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures.     

PHILOS 接骨板治疗复杂肱骨干中上段骨折的初步报告

目的 评价肱骨近端内固定锁定系统(PHILOS)接骨板治疗复杂肱骨干中上段骨折的临床疗效.方法 2007年4月至2008年1月,应用PHILOS接骨板治疗复杂肱骨干中上段骨折16例,男6例,女10例;年龄54～88岁,平均71.5岁;左侧11例,右侧5例;按AO/OTA分型:CI型4例,C2型3例,C3型9例.术中记录手术总时间,PHILOS接骨板置放时间,术中出血量.采用Constant-Murley肩关节评分标准,对患者健侧、患侧肩关节进行评分,同时计算患侧评分占健侧评分的百分比,＞80%为优良.60%～80%为满意,＜60%为差.结果 手术总时间为75～160 min,平均115 min;PHILOS接骨板置放时间25～45 min,平均35 min;术中出血量为150～525 ml,平均350 ml;住院时间为17～22 d,平均18.5 d.14例患者获得随访,随访时间5～12个月,平均9.6个月.骨折愈合时间7～16周,平均12.1周.骨折端无移位,螺钉无松动、拔出及断钉,患侧肱骨头较健侧无吸收、缩小征象;患侧肩关节前届上举活动度为120°～170°,平均150°.末次随访时Constant-Murley评分平均为78.5分(62～92分);患侧评分占健侧评分的百分比为75.6%～97.6%,平均87.6%;优良12例,满意2例,优良率为85.7%.结论 应用长型PHILOS锁定加压接骨板治疗复杂肱骨干中上段骨折可获得较理想的临床疗效.     

PHILOS钢板在肱骨近端骨折治疗中的应用

目的 探讨PHILOS钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效.方法采用PHILOS钢板治疗34例肱骨近端骨折患者.结果 失访6例,28例获得随访,时间2～24个月.患者均获得骨性愈合.术后12个月按Constant-Murley评分标准评定临床疗效：优9例,良16例,可3例.结论 PHILOS钢板内固定治疗肱骨近端骨折,手术创伤小,骨折愈合快,肩关节功能恢复良好,是治疗肱骨近端骨折特别是合并骨质疏松患者的理想术式.     

Social deprivation influences the epidemiology and outcome of proximal humeral fractures in adults for a defined urban population of Scotland

We present the epidemiology and incidence of proximal humeral fractures over a 17-year period for a defined urban population that represents approximately 13 % of the population in Scotland, and functional outcome in relation to the socio-economic status of the patient. The incidence of proximal humeral fractures significantly increased during the study period from 47.9/10⁵/year to 98.7/10⁵/year in 2008 (p < 0.0001), which was greatest for the most socially deprived patients reaching 274.2/10⁵/year in 2008 (p < 0.0001). The most deprived patients sustained their fracture 4 years earlier than the most affluent patients (p = 0.026). Social deprivation was an independent predictor, after adjusting for other confounding variables using multivariable regression analysis, of a significantly worse functional outcome according to the Constant score at 1 year (p = 0.046). Preventative measures, especially for the most socially deprived patients within society, need to be instigated urgently to address the increasing incidence of proximal humeral fractures and alleviate the burden of these morbid fractures in the future. Whether the observed increased incidence is generalisable to a national population would need to be confirmed in future studies.     

Radiographic and clinical results of tension suture fixation using two washers with PHILOS plate for proximal humeral fractures

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical results of tension suture fixation using two washers with PHILOS plate (Synthes, West Chester, PA, USA) for proximal humeral fractures.Patients and methodsConsecutive 39 patients were included and divided into two groups of adequate and inadequate medial support (MS (+) group vs MS (−) group). The mean follow-up period was 45months (range: 26–69 months). The mean age at the time of surgery was 59 years (range: 17–86 years) and there were 12 men and 27 women. The clinical results were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and subjective shoulder value (SSV). The radiographic results were evaluated by serial radiographs and Paavolainen method, which measures the neck-shaft angle (NSA). We used the Paired T and Kruskal-Wallis test to compare radiographic and clinical results between the two groups.ResultsBony union was achieved in 37 cases (94.9%). The mean NSA was changed from 133.5° postoperatively to 131.0° at the final follow-up period, but this change was not statistically significant. Thirty-five cases (89.8%) had good radiographic results as determined by the Paavolainen method. The mean final VAS pain score, ASES score, and SSV were 1.3, 87.3, and 86.0%, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to radiographic and clinical outcomes. Eight cases (20.5%) had complications including 5 with shoulder stiffness, 1 experiencing nonunion by fixation failure, 1 malunion, and 1 migration of greater tuberosity.ConclusionTension suture fixation using two washers with PHILOS plate for proximal humeral fractures yielded satisfactory radiographic and clinical results. It can be a treatment option that can reduce varus deformity and fixation loss.     

Modified use of a proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) plate in extra-articular distal-third diaphyseal humeral fractures

BackgroundSurgical treatment of extra-articular distal-third diaphyseal humeral fractures is controversial in terms of surgical approach and position of implant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of a modified application of the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) plate in extra-articular distal-third diaphyseal humeral fractures.Materials and methodsA total of 23 patients with extra-articular distal humerus fractures were treated using either open plating or the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique with upside down application of the PHILOS plate. Fracture configuration, number of screws in the distal fragment, and time to union were analysed. Elbow range of motion, Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), and complications were evaluated at the final follow-up.ResultsFracture union was obtained in all patients at a mean postoperative time of 20.8 ± 2.9 weeks. The mean shortest and longest cortical lengths were 50.7 ± 14.0 mm and 85.2 ± 12.4 mm, respectively. The average number of screws in the distal humeral fragment was 5.6 ± 0.7. No statistically significant correlation was observed between the shortest cortical length and number of screws in the distal fragment (p = 0.224) or between the longest cortical length and the number of screws in the distal humeral fragment (p = 0.956). The average MEPS was 97.6 (range, 75–100). No postoperative complications that required reoperation were occured.ConclusionA modified anterior application of the PHILOS plate in extra-articular distal-third diaphyseal humeral fracture showed satisfactory outcomes, so it is an alternative when considering the ability to increase plate-screw density with locking screw fixation in a distal humeral fragment.Level of evidenceTherapeutic level IV, case series.     

Mid-term functional outcome (minimum 24 months,mean 4 years) after locking plate osteosynthesis for displaced fractures of the proximal humerus in 557 cases

BackgroundThe best surgical management of displaced proximal humeral fractures remains a matter of considerable debate. This study presents mid-term functional outcome (median 4 years) after locking plate osteosynthesis for displaced proximal humeral fractures.MethodsBetween February 2002 and December 2014 1031 patients with 1047 displaced proximal humeral fractures were treated by open reduction and locking plate fixation with the same implant and received consecutive prospective follow up at least 24 months after surgical treatment. Clinical follow-up consisted of Constant Murley score (CS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score (DASH), and Short Form 36 questionnaire (SF-36). Complete follow-up could be performed in 557 (53.2%) cases, with a mean follow-up of 4.0 ± 2.7 years.ResultsOf 557 patients (67% women; mean age at time of osteosynthesis: 68.3 ± 15.5 years) absolute CS of all patients 4 ± 2.7 years after surgery was 68.4 ± 20.3 points. Normalized CS according to Katolik was 80.4 ± 23.8 points, and CS in percentage to the contralateral side (%CS) was 87.2 ± 27.9%. DASH score was at 23.8 ± 20.8 points. Osteosynthesis related complications (secondary displacement, screw cutout, avascular necrosis (n = 117 patients) were associated with lower functional scores (mean CS was 54.5 ± 19.0 p.; nCS 64.5 ± 22.9 p.;%CS 71.2 ± 25.0%; DASH score 31.9 ± 22.4 p.). The SF 36 was 66.5 points in the case cohort and a vitality mean of 69.4 points. Patients with a complication showed lower results (SF 36 56.7; vitality mean 64.9 points).ConclusionsOverall, patients following locking plate osteosynthesis of displaced proximal humeral fractures showed good to moderate outcomes four years after surgery. Mid-term functional outcomes correlate significantly with those at 1 year postoperatively. Furthermore, there is a significant negative correlation of midterm functional outcome with the occurrence of complications.Level of evidenceLevel III, prospective nonconsecutive patients.     

经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折

目的：观察经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端Neer 2、3部分骨折的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2015年7月至2018年1月采用经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端Neer 2、3部分骨折15例,男7例,女8例;年龄23~67岁,平均46岁;左侧5例,右侧10例;Neer 2部分骨折7例,Neer 3部分骨折8例。术前和术后随访均拍摄X线片及CT以评估骨折的位置和骨折愈合的情况。临床评价包括Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分、手术并发症的分析。15例均应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗,术后均采用Constant-Murley评分评定肩关节功能。结果：15例均获随访,时间14~36个月,骨折全部愈合,愈合时间14~26周,平均19.1周。术后均无肱骨头坏死、腋神经损伤、骨折不愈合等并发症发生。术后3个月Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分72~94分,平均81分,优2例,良13例。结论：采用经结节间沟入路应用肱骨近端内锁定系统钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折手术操作简单,损伤小,术后肩关节功能恢复快。     

Functional results of angular-stable plate fixation in displaced proximal humeral fractures

INTRODUCTION: The availability of angular-stable plate/screw systems led to a euphoric use of these implants for the treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures. The high implant costs seem to be justified by a potentially improved outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty one patients (20 female, 11 male, mean age: 62+/-16 years) with two-, three- and four-part proximal humerus fractures (Neer classification) were operated using the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS). The mean follow-up time was 19+/-3 postoperative months (range: 340-720 days). Functional results (Constant score, UCLA-score) were analysed and compared to an equivalent historic control group of 60 patients operated for the same fracture types using two one-third tubular plates. Additionally, total implant costs for each technique were compared. RESULTS: Complications in the PHILOS group included one implant failure with refracture, one secondary dislocation, two cases of subacromial impingement, and two cases of partial avascular necrosis of the humeral head. The mean Constant score (age- and sex-matched) was 80+/-11% for the affected side and 104+/-13% for the healthy side. The UCLA scores were excellent in 10%, good in 67%, and fair in 23% of the patients. Complication rate and functional results did not differ significantly from the control group treated with one-third tubular plates. Implant costs were significantly higher for the PHILOS group (684+/-40 Euro vs. 158+/-20 Euro, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study showed similar functional results using either plate. Although the PHILOS plate may provide important advantages in specific situations, such as osteoporotic bone, its use as a standard must be carefully judged under the economic aspect of the significant higher implant costs.     

Minimally invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis for proximal humeral shaft fractures with the PHILOS through the deltopectoral approach

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and complications following minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) for treating proximal humeral shaft fracture through the deltopectoral approach.

Methods

Between November 2008 and March 2010, 74 patients with unilateral proximal humeral shaft fractures were treated using the MIPO technique with the PHILOS through the deltopectoral approach. Patients received an average follow-up of 16.9 (range, 12–24) months, and the final follow-up included anteroposterior and lateral imaging and recording of postoperative complications. The Constant–Murley shoulder score was used to evaluate function.

Results

No intraoperative complications occurred. Postoperative complications included subacromial impingement in four patients. There was no deep infection, neurovascular damage, breakage or implant loosening. All fractures united in an average time of 17.4 (15–25) weeks. In terms of function, the Constant–Murley score was 85.8 points on average (range, 67–100). The range of motion of the involved shoulder was satisfactory, and pain-free in 83.8 % of patients.

Conclusions

Using the MIPO technique with the PHILOS through the deltopectoral approach is a valid and safe method of treating proximal humeral shaft fractures.     

微创技术置入PHILOS钢板治疗肱骨干近端骨折

目的评价微创接骨板固定(MIPO)技术置入PHILOS(proximal humeral internal locking system)治疗肱骨干近端骨折的临床效果。方法自2008年11月~2009年8月,采用MIPO技术置入PHILOS钢板治疗23例肱骨干近端移位骨折。结果本组获随访6～17个月,平均11.3个月。X线片示22例于术后6个月内骨折达骨性愈合;1例因内固定松动发生延迟愈合,但无临床症状,于术后9个月骨折愈合,功能恢复至可。术后半年1例发生肩关节撞击征,取出内固定行功能锻炼后功能恢复至可。采用Constant-Murley评分方法评定疗效:优11例,良10例,可2例,优良率91.3%。结论采用MIPO技术置入PHILOS钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折是一种良好的方法,减少骨不连发生率,有利于肩关节早期功能恢复。     

内侧柱植骨结合PHILOS钢板治疗老年肱骨近端内收型骨折

目的探讨内侧柱植骨结合PHILOS钢板内固定治疗老年肱骨近端内收型骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析26例老年肱骨近端内收型骨折患者的临床资料,按是否植骨将患者分为植骨组(14例,采用内侧柱植骨结合PHILOS钢板内固定治疗)与未植骨组(12例,单纯使用PHILOS钢板内固定治疗)。比较两组手术时间、骨折愈合时间、肩关节功能活动度以及颈干角丢失角度等指标。结果患者均获得随访,时间12~23个月。手术时间两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨折愈合时间、术后12个月肩关节活动度(前屈上举)以及颈干角丢失角度植骨组均优于未植骨组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相较于不植骨,内侧柱植骨结合PHILOS钢板治疗老年肱骨近端内收型骨折可取得更满意的临床疗效。