影响膝关节等速离心收缩测试的相关因素探讨

目的：探讨影响膝关节等速离心收缩测试和训练的因素,为进一步深入研究提供客观的依据。方法：利用Biodex等速测试及康复系统测试20健康男性的峰力矩及相对峰力矩,观察速度、惯用肢和功能运动对峰力矩和相对峰力矩的影响。结果：速度和功能运动对峰力矩和相对峰力矩影响显著,而对惯用肢的影响比较复杂。结论：离心等速测试和训练过程中,必须考虑速度、惯用肢和收缩方式等因素。     

速度对膝关节屈肌和伸肌等速离心收缩力矩的影响

目的确定运动速度对离心收缩测试的影响,为进一步深入研究提供客观依据。方法对20例健康人膝关节进行等速离心收缩测试,用统计学方法观察不同速度下膝关节屈肌和伸肌峰力矩、相对峰力矩和屈肌/伸肌比值的变化。结果速度对膝关节屈肌和伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩影响显著,对屈/伸比值的影响不显著。结论离心等速测试和训练过程中,必须考虑速度的因素。     

速度对膝关节屈肌和伸肌等速离心收缩力矩的影响

目的 确定运动速度对离心收缩测试的影响，为进一步深入研究提供客观依据。方法 对20例健康人膝关节进行等速离心收缩测试，用统计学方法观察不同速度下膝关节屈服和伸肌峰力矩、相对峰力矩和屈肌／伸肌比值的变化。结果 离心等速测试和训练过程中，必须考虑速度的因素。     

正常男性下肢等速向心收缩的研究

利用ＢＩＯＤＥＸ多关节等速测试及康复系统提供的闭合链附件,测试了２０ 例正常男性青年学生下肢的等速向心收缩数据。结果发现：峰力矩、相对峰力矩、到达峰力矩的时间、总功、相对总功、平均功率以伸展时大于屈曲时,两侧峰力矩的差异无差异,屈／伸比值不受速度影响,同非闭合链测试结果接近,可为深入研究提供参考。     

健康儿童膝关节屈伸工作时的生物力学规律

背景:在等速肌力测试的人群中,关于儿童的等速肌力测试研究报道较少。目的:通过对儿童膝关节屈伸肌力情况的测试,探讨儿童膝关节屈伸工作时的生物力学规律。设计、时间及地点:对比观察,于2006-10-12在河北师范大学体育学院实验室进行测试。对象:志愿受试的健康儿童选自石家庄市部分小学10岁左右的学生66名,男31名,女35名。方法:运用澳大利亚Kylingk公司生产的"Kinitech"等速肌力测试系统进行等速肌力测试,采用60,120,240(°)/s3种速度测试儿童膝关节屈伸肌力。主要观察指标:男女儿童屈伸肌峰力矩值比较和最大功率比较。结果:①3种不同测试速度中,男女儿童膝关节屈伸肌峰力矩值呈现随测试速度的增加而下降,最大功率随测试速度的增加而增加的趋势。儿童左侧峰力矩值大于右侧。③男女儿童各自屈伸肌峰力矩值均值比值F/E>0.7,并且随测试速度的增加而增大。④在60,120(°)/s的测试中,膝关节屈肌和伸肌峰力矩值性别差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),240(°)/s测试中左右侧屈肌峰力矩值性别差异具有显著性意义(P<0.01,P<0.05),男生左侧伸肌峰力矩值大于女生(P<0.05)。结论:儿童在不同的测试速度中,峰力矩及最大功率表现出的变化趋势与成人一致。提示儿童早期参加体育活动时应注意发展屈肌力量,使屈伸肌力量平衡发展。     

膝关节屈肌和伸肌等速向心性收缩峰力矩角度的研究

目的　了解影响峰力矩角度 (AOPT)的因素 ,确定向心性屈、伸膝峰力矩角度的正常值范围。方法　共 3 0 0名小于 65岁的正常成人 ,用Cybex3 3 0型等速仪器测试 60 (°) /s、180 (°) /s和 3 0 0 (°) /s屈、伸双膝的AOPT ,利用多因素方差分析和多元线性回归分析年龄、性别、速度、峰力矩和加速度对AOPT的影响 ,建立回归方程。结果　除女性屈膝组外 ,年龄对慢速AOPT无明显影响 ;女性屈、伸膝AOPT均较男性后移 ;随速度增快屈、伸膝AOPT均后移 ;60 (°) /s屈膝峰力矩与AOPT呈负相关 ,伸膝峰力矩与AOPT呈正相关 ;屈膝加速度时间与AOPT呈正相关 ,伸膝加速度与AOPT呈负相关。结论　慢速屈、伸膝AOPT主要受峰力矩的影响 ,本研究所确定的正常值范围可作为诊断或评价膝关节功能的一种辅助指标     

肘关节屈伸肌群等速肌力测试与分析

目的:通过测量肘关节屈肌、伸肌群在不同收缩方式、不同运动速度、不同关节角度时力矩的变化情况,以期用肘关节等速测试的力矩指标米评定肘关节及其周围肌群的功能状态.方法:实验于2006-09在江苏省级机关医院完成.测量了南京体育学院运动系20名男生肘关节屈、伸肌群在等速向心不同运动速度下的肌力参数,向心收缩各测2个不同速度:60(°)/s、120(°)/s.前者每次重复5次,间歇约1 min;后者每次重复10次,间歇约1 min.取最大力矩、最大力矩角度及上述角度的力矩.观察不同速度下屈、伸肌肌峰力矩比较;不同速度下屈伸肌肌峰力矩的相关分析;不同速度下肌峰力矩角度的比较分析;等速向心收缩的加速、放松时间.结果:①肘关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩时随着关节给定运动速度的加快,屈肌峰力矩从34.5 N·m减到28.5 N·m,伸肌峰力矩从43.0减到32.7 N·m.②随速度增快,屈肘峰力矩角度增大,伸肘峰力矩角度减小.③当给定运动速度加快时,肘关节屈伸肌的加速时间均随之增长,伸肌的加速时间比屈肌的加速时间短.④前臂与上臂长的比值和伸60(°)/s的峰力矩角度呈负相关.结论:不同速度下,对于肘关节屈肌群而言,屈伸肌比值、肱二头肌、肱肌、肱桡肌、桡侧腕长伸肌和旋前圆肌的加速时间与肱三头肌、肘肌的放松时间、对于屈肌的肌峰力矩具有重要作用,而肱三头肌、肘肌的加速时间与肱二头肌、肱肌、肱桡肌、桡侧腕长伸肌和旋前圆肌的放松时间对于伸肌的肌峰力矩具有重要作用.     

速度因素对躯干等速肌力测试影响的研究

研究速度因素对躯干等速肌力测试的影响,探讨等速肌力测试用于躯干肌肌力评定的最佳速度参数。方法:健康男性30例,使用美国产BIODEXⅡAP多关节等速测试及康复系统测定躯干峰力矩(PT)、相对峰力矩(PT/BW)、总功(TW)、相对总功(TW/BW)、功率(AP)和屈/伸比值(F/E),测试角速度分别选用60°/s、180°/s和240°/s,利用单因素方差分析和SNK-q检验对结果进行统计学分析。结果:各组间的PT、PT/BW、TW/BW和AP比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),60°/s组PT、PT/BW、TW/BW和AP同180°/s组比较差异显著(P<0.05),而180°/s组同240°/s组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:速度对躯干肌肉的等速肌力测试的影响是明显的,进行测试和训练时,选择低速指标比较可靠。     

膝骨关节炎患者膝屈伸肌群等速肌力及其与功能的相关性

目的观察膝关节骨关节炎(KOA)患者膝屈伸肌群等速肌力变化及其与膝关节功能的关系。方法23 例双侧KOA患者及14 名正常人进行膝屈伸肌等速肌力检查、五次坐-起试验(FTSST)、静态平衡测试、步态分析。KOA组还完成疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)及WOMAC骨关节炎指数评定。结果KOA组伸肌及屈肌峰力矩、峰力矩均值、平均功率、单次最佳做功及总功主患侧均小于对侧(P<0.05);峰力矩屈肌/伸肌(H/Q)百分比主患侧大于对侧(P<0.05)。组间比较,伸肌所有观察指标、屈肌平均功率KOA组均小于正常对照组(P<0.05);峰力矩H/Q 百分比KOA组大于正常对照组(P<0.05)。KOA组伸肌等速肌力峰力矩与FTSST、步行速度、步行距离、跌倒指数、VAS 评分、WOMAC-疼痛评分之间存在相关性(P<0.05),屈肌等速肌力峰力矩与FTSST、步态参数、跌倒指数、VAS评分、WOMAC评分之间无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论KOA患者伸肌及屈肌等速肌力主患侧较对侧减弱,伸肌等速肌力较正常人减弱,膝伸屈肌肌力变化不同步。KOA患者伸肌等速肌力峰力矩与膝关节疼痛、功能之间存在相关性。     

腘绳肌和股四头肌肌力的等张、等速测量

<正> 肌力是肌肉收缩的力量。可采用等长、等张或等速法进行测量。因等速测量是一种动力性肌力测定,并具有可重复性,因而得到普遍应用。等速测量是在肌收缩时,根据其产生的力矩,提供相应阻力来控制角速度。因此,当肌肉收缩的力量增加时,不是改变其角速度,而是被转换为增加力矩。同时也可测量关节活动度和计算其它变量,如功和功率。本文采用新的研究技术,主要研究以下的假说:①角速度10°/s,60°/s,120°/s,180°/s 对关节产生的峰力矩(pT(无明显影响;②角速度(同上)对可达到峰力矩的关节角度     

功能性踝关节不稳的运动员与非运动员踝内外翻肌等速向心及等速离心测试的比较分析

目的:对功能性踝关节不稳(FAI)运动员与非运动员踝内外翻肌进行等速向心及等速离心测试的对比分析,为进一步康复提供依据。方法:使用BiodexSystem-3型等速肌力测试训练系统对35例运动员FAI患者及21例非运动员普通人群FAI患者分别进行踝关节内、外翻等速向心及离心(角速度均为30°/s×5次;180°/s×10次)的测试。结果:运动员FAI患者除了高角速度离心运动时,踝外翻肌群力矩低于同组健侧外,踝内、外翻肌群在低角速度向心、低角速度离心及高角速度向心的力矩均未低于健侧(P>0.05);而普通FAI患者存在踝内外翻肌群在各种角速度时普遍性肌力缺陷、关节活动度降低及I/E比值的升高(P<0.05)。结论:不同人群FAI患者力矩改变特点不同,选用等速仪器中I/E比值并作动态控制率的分析,有利于制定更有针对性的康复处方。     

Reliability of lower extremity strength measures in persons with chronic stroke

OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability of isokinetic concentric strength measures of both the hemiparetic and noninvolved limbs for flexion and extension motions of the hip, knee, and ankle joints in individuals who have had a stroke. DESIGN: Test-retest, repeated-measures intraobserver reliability design. SETTING: Tertiary rehabilitation center. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty community-dwelling individuals who have had a stroke, with motor deficits ranging from 3 to 6 on the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment; volunteer sample. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peak torque and average torque (ie, mean over the range of motion tested) from an ensemble-averaged (3 trials) torque-angle curve during isokinetic concentric extension and flexion movements of the ankle, knee, and hip. RESULTS: Although peak and average torque were significantly less for the hemiparetic limb compared with the noninvolved limb, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) between the 2 test sessions were high (.95-.99 for peak torque,.88-.98 for average torque) for both limbs for all 3 joints. However, there was a learning effect, as observed by the slightly greater values attained from the second test session. CONCLUSIONS: Peak and average isokinetic torque can be used to assess reliably lower extremity strength in persons with chronic stroke. Practice sessions may be required before the actual test to reduce the effect of learning.     

Differences in elbow flexion torque measured concentrically, eccentrically, and isometrically

The purposes of this study were to describe torque-velocity relationships during concentric, eccentric, and isometric testing of elbow flexor muscles and to determine test-retest reliability of a specific isokinetic testing protocol. Thirty healthy women were tested using an isokinetic dynamometer at velocities of 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 120 degrees, and 210 degrees/sec. Reliability was assessed in 20 of the subjects by retesting concentric and eccentric torques at 30 degrees and 120 degrees/sec after a 30-minute rest interval. The highest torque from three maximal efforts was considered to be peak torque. Mean eccentric peak torque was greater than either isometric or concentric peak torque; as isokinetic test velocity increased, the differences between concentric and eccentric torques became larger. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from .72 to .83, indicating lack of consistency between test and retest torques. Consecutive concentric-eccentric testing and lack of mechanical stabilization might have contributed to test-retest variability and to the relatively small differences between concentric and eccentric torques. Continued study of reliability of isokinetic testing protocols and further investigation of concentric-eccentric torque-velocity relationships are advocated.     

Shoulder isokinetic profile of male handball players of the Brazilian National Team

Background

Data obtained on an isokinetic dynamometer are useful to characterize muscle status and have been reported in muscle imbalance studies in different types of sport. However, few studies have assessed elite handball players to establish reference values.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare, for the dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) side, the isokinetic profile of shoulder rotator muscle strength between male handball players (H) and asymptomatic non-athletes (NA).

Method

Isokinetic concentric and eccentric strength tests for D upper limbs were performed by the H group (n=20) and the NA group (n=12). Internal and external rotator muscle peak torque in concentric action was assessed at 60°/s and 300°/s and in eccentric action at 300°/s. We also calculated conventional balance (the ratio of external rotator peak torque to internal rotator peak torque in concentric action) and functional balance (the ratio of external rotator peak torque in eccentric action to internal rotator peak torque in concentric action).

Results

In the H group, dominant limbs were stronger in concentric action for external rotation at 60 and 300°/s. The conventional balance ratio for the D side was significantly lower at 60 and 300°/s for H compared to NA. The functional ratio for the D side was significantly lower at 300º/s for H compared to NA.

Conclusions

Compared to asymptomatic non-athletes, handball players presented significant muscular imbalance resulting from daily sports practice, a known risk factor for shoulder injuries.     

Effects of Mat Pilates on hip and knee isokinetic torque parameters in elderly women

This study aimed to analyze the effects of Mat Pilates on isokinetic torque of the lower limbs in elderly women. Fourteen elderly women (Age 62 ± 3 yr) participated in 12 weeks of Mat Pilates training (60-min sessions, 3 times per week). Repetitions increased every 4 weeks and the difficulty of exercises progressed from beginner to intermediate and advanced. Peak torque was assessed before (week ‐4 and week 0, considered as a control period) and after 6 and 12 weeks of a periodized Mat Pilates intervention. The results showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in concentric and eccentric peak torque of knee flexors muscles, hip flexor and extensor muscles after 12 weeks. Mechanical work showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) for knee extensor muscles during eccentric contractions after week 12, for hip extensor muscles during concentric contractions week 12, and for flexor muscles during concentric and eccentric contractions after week 12. We conclude that the periodization of Mat Pilates induced significant improvements in multiple isokinetic torque parameters.     

Measurement of torque of trunk flexors at different velocities.

The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of recording isometric and isokinetic torque of the trunk flexors and to examine the effect of velocity on the torque curves. Thirty healthy subjects were tested on two occasions for isometric torque of trunk flexion at four angles and eccentric and concentric torque at three velocities. Two subjects repeated these tests in the passive mode to determine the torque produced by the trunk when there was no active flexion effort. Intraclass correlation coefficients were above 0.85 for all isometric and isokinetic measures. Standard errors of measurement ranged from 6.9 to 19.5 Nm. Student t-tests indicated no significant differences between occasions for all outcome measures. Examination of passive and active torque curves indicated that the torque produced by the mass of the trunk increased with increasing velocity. It is concluded that both isometric and isokinetic testing of the trunk flexors are reliable, but that testing at higher velocities may not provide a valid measure of muscle performance.     

膝关节等速测试峰力矩与总功及平均功率的相关分析

利用４０例正常男性ＢＩＯＤＥＸ多关节等带测试和康复系统测试的膝关节等速向心收缩资料,分析峰力矩与总功及平均功率的相关性。结果：无 团中开链、屈曲或伸展运动、慢或快收缩,等速向心收缩的峰力矩与总功及平均功率的相关系数在０．５３２－０．９９１。     

下肢闭链等速测试系统在慢性下腰痛患者康复评价中的应用

目的通过对慢性下腰痛(CLBP)患者的下肢肌力的闭链等速测试,定量评价患者的下肢肌力的变化并探讨该项测试技术的意义.方法采用BIODEX-2AP闭链测试系统对36例慢性下腰痛患者的下肢进行测试.结果在60°/s、120°/s、180°/s限速条件下,患侧下肢屈伸肌的峰力矩、下肢屈伸肌峰力矩占体质量的比值和平均功率均较健侧有明显下降(P＜0.001);患侧的下肢屈伸肌肌力(峰力矩)比值与健侧比较差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论CLBP患者的患侧下肢屈伸肌力有不同程度的下降,同时用闭合链测试系统对CLBP患者进行下肢肌力等速测试,不失为一种反映其运动功能较全面的客观指标.     

Influence of concentric resistance training on concentric and eccentric strength

This study investigated the effects of isokinetic concentric training on isokinetic concentric and eccentric torque outputs. Sixteen female subjects (mean age in years +/- SE = 21 +/- 1) were randomly assigned to either a training or a control group. Concentric and eccentric torques of the right knee extensors were assessed at 1.05rad.s-1 using a KinCom isokinetic dynamometer system. Each test consisted of a set of four maximal concentric and four maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. The peak and average torques for each contraction were calculated using the computer software supplied by the KinCom manufacturer. On a separate day, after abstaining from heavy exercise for at least 12 hours, a single cross-sectional image of the thigh at midfemur was obtained using computer tomography (CT) scanning. From this image, cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoris group was calculated using the computer software associated with the General Electric 9800 CT Scanning System. Training group subjects trained three days weekly for six weeks on a Cybex II+ isokinetic dynamometer, completing five sets of ten maximal effort knee extensions at an angular velocity of 1.05rad.s-1. Each set of exercise was separated by two minutes of self-selected recovery. Torque outputs were monitored daily to ensure that adequate recovery was provided between sets of exercise, and to document changes in strength as the program progressed. Significant (p less than .01) increases in peak and average concentric torque (11% and 12%, respectively), peak and average eccentric torque (18% and 21%, respectively), and muscle cross-sectional area (3.2%) were observed for training group subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)