400名大学生心理问题调查及对策

目的：剖析在校大学生存在的心理问题,并提出相应对策。方法：采用随机方法对某重点综合大学400名在校大学生进行问卷调查。结果：被调查者的主要心理压力来自未来就业、学业及毕业后方向等方面,分别占被调查者的47.1%、30.3%及20.7%;学习状态中对所学课程没兴趣、学习效率低所占比例分别为31.1%、25.3%;77.9%的人感觉自己偶尔或经常有心理问题。结论：大学生心理问题日趋复杂化,其主要原因与就业压力过大及学习动力不足有关,应通过重视大学生职业生涯辅导、增强大学生学习动力等有效对策,提高大学生心理素质。     

Epidemic management: a Caribbean university's response to the 2009 H1N1 outbreak

BACKGROUND: In June 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global influenza pandemic (1). During the throes of the epidemic, the Caribbean region recorded 22 deaths and 350 hospitalizations. Jamaica reported most of the deaths in the region--7, followed by Trinidad and Tobago--5 and Barbados--3; the remaining 7 deaths occurred in other Caribbean countries (2). In June, Jamaica reported its first case (3) and some three months later in September 2009, The University of the West Indies (UWI) Mona Campus experienced an outbreak of the 2009 H1N1 virus infection. As one of the three main Campuses of the leading tertiary institution in the English-speaking Caribbean (others being in Trinidad and Tobago and Barbados in addition to an 'Open Campus' which serves the non-Campus territories), the UWI Mona Campus serves some 15 000 students. These students originate mainly from the Caribbean; North American and African students also comprise the student population. The University Health Centre provides primary care services to a community of students, staff (3000) and their dependents, retirees, visiting staff and students.     

Exploring Emotional Intelligence in a Caribbean Medical School

Objective:

To explore the emotional intelligence (EI) in medical students in a Caribbean medical school and investigate its association with gender, age, year of study and ethnicity.

Design and Methods:

A cross-sectional design using convenient sampling of 304 years two to five undergraduate medical students at the School of Medicine, The University of the West Indies (UWI), St Augustine campus, was conducted. The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT-V2.0) was administered to test four branches of EI: perceiving emotions, facilitating thought, understanding emotions and managing emotions. Data were analysed using SPSS version 19. T-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and r (product moment correlation) were calculated to establish the effects of selected variables (gender, age, year of study and ethnicity) on total and sub-scales EI scores and tested against 0.05 and 0.01 significance levels.

Results:

The total mean score for EI fell within the average according to MSCEIT standards. Gender analysis showed significantly higher scores for males and for younger age groups (< 25 years). Year of study and ethnicity did not yield any significant effect.

Conclusions:

These findings of higher EI scores in males and younger students are unusual, given the well-publicized stereotype of the Caribbean male and the perception that advancing age brings maturity and emotional stability. It would be valuable to widen this study by including other UWI campuses and offshore medical schools in the Caribbean. This preliminary study examined a sample of medical students from a well-established Caribbean medical school. Since EI is considered to be important in the assessment and training of medical undergraduates, consideration should be given to introducing interventions aimed at increasing EI.     

Effect of a clerkship on students' attitudes toward practice problems and preventive care

The authors compared the attitudes of men and women junior medical students at one medical school before and after completing the surgery clerkship. The attitudes surveyed pertained to the students' confidence in dealing with problems in the doctor-patient relationship, concerns about future practice, and attitudes about preventive care. The women and men differed in only one career preference, with more women than men choosing obstetrics-gynecology. The class as a whole had more positive attitudes in all three areas after the clerkship. The men and women did not differ before or after the clerkship in their confidence in handling problems in the doctor-patient relationship. The women, however, had higher levels of concern than the men about preventive care after the clerkship. Although the men and women overall entered the clerkship with similar attitudes, the women left the surgical clerkship with more positive attitudes overall but also with more concerns about future practice than the men. Because of the demands made on students' time during the surgery clerkship, some women students may become concerned about conflicts that could arise from balancing career roles and homemaker roles, and they may need support at this time in dealing with these concerns.     

Timing and motivation in pediatric career choices

A total of 257 third-year residents in pediatrics, internal medicine, and family practice were asked about their career goals for the year following their residency and in five years, and information was obtained from them about their motives for career choices. The authors specifically examined the following: humanitarian interests; intellectual motivation; service motives; and practical, personal, and financial considerations. The characteristics of the residency training program which may have influenced their career choices were also examined. A majority of the 214 pediatric residents said they had not considered going into pediatrics on entry to medical school. Of these residents, 109 planned academic pursuits for the following year, while only 81 of the 109 anticipated an academic career within five years. Intellectual stimulation, geographic location, and an "opportunity to clarify goals" were the three most frequently mentioned factors in choosing positions for the following year.     

临床医学七年制腹外疝教学效果有关学生因素的问卷研究

目的了解临床医学七年制腹外疝教学效果,分析影响教学效果的学生因素。方法采用表格问卷方式进行调查,腹外疝共有2个课时,在上课前填写表1,并收回表1,下课后填写表2,然后收回。共随机发放90份表格。表1对学生的学习兴趣、课前预习、课前的精神状态、毕业后可能的职业选择等进行了调查,表2对本节课的难点和对本节课的掌握情况等进行调查。结果表1回收到88份,占98%;表2回收到80份,占89%。表示热爱临床医学者占79.55%;课前预习者占43%;认为本节课的难点是解剖学知识的占82.50%;表示掌握和基本掌握所学内容者占77.50%。结论学生对临床医学的热爱程度、基础知识的积累程度和良好的精神状态等可明显影响教学效果。     

A review of medicinal plant research at the University of the West Indies, Jamaica, 1948-2001

This review summarizes research carried out on Jamaican medicinal plants at the Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona, Jamaica, between 1948 and 2001. The plants identified as being medicinal are listed along with their folk use and a summary of the scientific research done at UWI leading to the identification of natural products (NPs) and determination of their bioactivity. Natural product research on Jamaican medicinal plants began with the inception of UWI in 1948, leading to many postgraduate degrees being awarded (22 MPhil and 31 PhD). At least 334 plant species growing in Jamaica have been identified as having medicinal qualities, 193 of these have been tested for their bioactivity. Crude extracts from 80 of these plants have reasonable bioactivity and natural products (NP) have been identified from 44 plants. At least 29 of these NPs were found to be bioactive. Only 31 of the plants tested at UWI are endemic to Jamaica. Of these 23% were bioactive, as compared to 11% of the non-endemics. Based on these results, patents have been obtained and drugs have been developed. This review represents the first attempt to gather this information together in one place.     

护理学生参与志愿服务动机调查与分析

目的:调查和分析护理学生参与志愿服务的动机.方法:使用志愿功能动机量表,采用整群抽样的方法对300名护理学生进行问卷调查.结果:300名调查对象中,参加过志愿服务活动的259人(86.3%),未参加过志愿服务活动的41人(13.7%).大学三年级学生的价值表达、职业生涯、社会交往、学习理解、自我增强和志愿动机总评分均高于大学一年级学生(P<0.05~P<0.01);男生在自我保护、社会交往、志愿动机总评分均高于女生(P<0.05~P<0.01);进入大学后成绩良好在社会交往中得分高于成绩中等者(P<0.05);价值表达、社会交往、学习理解、自我增强维度及志愿动机总分上,农村高于县城(P<0.05~P<0.01);在学习理解和自我增强维度上,农村显著高于乡镇(P<0.01);家庭人均月收入在各个维度及志愿动机总分上差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);医学生在志愿动机量表6个维度的评分从高到低依次是:学习理解(5.117分)>自我增强(5.059分)>价值表达(5.048分)>职业生涯(4.910分)>社会交往(4.420分)>自我保护(4.339分),6个维度的评分均高于4分.结论:护理学生志愿服务动机多元化,以自身专业为优势的志愿服务为主要选择,参与志愿服务目的多样化,通过志愿服务提升自身某方面的能力和满足自身某种需求,而志愿服务动机的满足,也能够激励医学生继续参加志愿服务活动.     

Career preferences and decision-making habits of first-year medical students

Few studies that examine the career decisions of medical students have been based upon theories of decision-making. Several theories were used by the present authors to study differences among first-year medical students in North Carolina who preferred family medicine and those who preferred other specialties. Responses by 358 first-year students to a career preferences questionnaire administered in the fall of their freshman year revealed that students who preferred family medicine were more interested than other students in using medicine as a tool to help people. They were equally persistent and thorough in their career decision-making, were at an earlier stage of decision-making, and had less concern with themselves compared with other students. Decision-making theory helps to explain the relationships found in earlier studies between students' characteristics and their specialty preferences. The results of the present study also may explain the reason for the decrease during medical school in the number of students who prefer family medicine as a career. Those results show that first-year medical students who prefer family medicine are at an earlier stage of the decision-making process than other first-year medical students.     

Effect of history of psychological counseling on selection of applicants for residencies

The stress of medical education and its consequences are widely recognized and acknowledged. However, many students may be reluctant to seek help for stress-related problems because they are concerned over the ramifications such a decision may have on their career opportunities. The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which an applicant's history of having received psychological counseling for stress-related problems influenced residency program directors' perceptions of such applicants seeking admission to residency programs. Five hundred twenty-three residency directors in six medical specialties (pediatrics, internal medicine, family medicine, psychiatry, obstetrics and gynecology, and surgery) rated a hypothetical residency applicant. The student's gender and history of psychological counseling were manipulated, but their basic qualifications remained constant. The directors rated the likelihood that they would invite the student for an interview and accept the applicant for the residency. Analysis of variance showed that the directors in pediatrics, family medicine, and psychiatry viewed the hypothetical applicant more favorably overall than directors in internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and surgery. The program directors rated female applicants more favorably than their male counterparts and had a strong bias against inviting for an interview or accepting into their programs students who had a history of psychological counseling. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

中医药高校研究生职业生涯规划调查研究

对343名中医药高校研究生进行了考研动机、职业成熟度、择业要求、职业生涯的认识与需求等职业生涯规划相关内容进行了调查,为做好中医药高校研究生职业生涯规划指导工作提供参考。     

医学生家庭背景、学医动机与学业成绩的相关分析

目的 了解医学生选择学医的初始动机,揭示医学生学医动机对学业成绩的影响,为医学生的后续有效培养及医学教育提供科学依据。 方法 参考相关文献制作专门的调查问卷,选取粤东某高校在读医学生为研究对象,采用自我管理问卷的方式,调查医学生家庭背景资料及选择医学专业初始动机,对调查对象学医动机相关因素及学业成绩进行分析。 结果 不同性别医学生学医动机没有显示出差异,但是女生专业课平均成绩点数(GPA)均值高于男生,医学生学习成绩之间存在性别差异(P<0.01);不同年级之间医学生学业成绩差异具有统计学意义,年级越高,GPA均值越低(F=3.146,P<0.05);生源地差异显著影响学业成绩,农村生源医学生学业平均GPA高于其他生源地学生,差异具有统计学意义(F=2.751,P<0.05);家庭经济条件对医学生学业成绩具有统计学意义(F=6.470,P<0.01);医学生学业成绩受到多重动机影响,内在动机对医学生学业成绩具有显著影响(从小立志成为医生F=2.424,P<0.05,治病救人F=0.131,P<0.05),外在动机(选择医学有较多出国机会)对学业成绩具有显著影响(F=1.824,P<0.05),成就动机中的医生社会地位高这一选项对医学生学业成绩具有显著影响(F=0.186,P<0.05);社会风气对医学生学医动机及学业成绩的影响差异具有统计学意义(F=0.118,P<0.05)。 结论 家庭背景因素对医学生学医动机具有多方面影响,多重学医动机影响医学生学业成绩。      

医学生同情心教育刍议

同情心对医学生具有重要价值,它不仅是医学生医德情感大厦的基石、未来重要的职业要求及建立和谐医患关系的基础．而且对社会和谐与生态和谐有重要作用。开展医学生同情心教育应加快生物-心理-社会医学模式的建立,应强调与实践的融合,同时需要家庭与社会的配合。     

专科层次临床医学专业和临床医学专业(全科医学方向)学生的全科医师职业趋向调查

目的了解专科层次临床医学专业和临床医学专业(全科医学方向)学生的全科医师职业趋向,评价两个专业的课程和培养模式对学生职业选择的影响。方法采用结构式问卷调查2010级临床医学专业学生102人、临床医学专业(全科医学方向)学生76人。了解学生对所学课程的兴趣、对全科医师工作环境和就业前景的认知、毕业后的职业选择等。结果临床医学专业(全科医学方向)学生对全科医师的职业定位、工作认同优于临床医学专业学生。结论专科层次临床医学专业应采取全科医学方向进行培养,通过课程和培养模式改革来改变学生的职业趋向,引导学生树立服务基层、走向社区、扎根农村的全科医师职业理想。     

Exploring knowledge and attitudes about emergency contraceptive pills among university students in Jamaica. A qualitative approach

Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs) are an important option for university students who may be at high risk for unplanned pregnancies. In the Caribbean, little research has been carried out on university student's knowledge and opinions of this method. This study uses qualitative methodology to explore knowledge and opinions on ECPs among university students attending The University of the West Indies (UWI) Mona campus. We conducted eight focus groups (n = 71) with female and male university students at The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica, in March 2000. The group discussions lasted approximately two hours. We tape-recorded discussions and then transcribed and analyzed them by coding responses according to themes. General knowledge of ECPs was high, but students lacked specific information about the method such as its time frame and its mechanism of action. Most students supported the method, especially after learning correct information. However, several students were concerned about its side effects and the potential for abuse or irresponsible use by young adults. Although the university students in this study lacked detailed information about ECPs, their opinion toward the method was favourable. We suggest further research to investigate the prevalence of misinformation about the method among other groups of Jamaicans.     

医学院校全科医学本科生对专业的学习认知及择业意向的调查分析

目的:了解医学院校全科医学(GP)本科生对专业的学习认知及择业意向情况。方法:以蚌埠医学院GP专业252名在校本科生为调查对象,以问卷调查的形式,分析他们对GP的学习认知及择业意向状况。结果:120名GP本科生(49.0%)愿意学习GP相关课程。有104名学生(42.4%)满意学院在GP方向的教学安排。对毕业后攻读GP专业硕士和学生参加全科医师规范化培训持肯定态度的学生比例分别为42.9%和39.6%。有108名(44.1%)表示毕业后愿意选择成为全科医生,其主要原因认为GP是今后发展方向的为26名(24.1%),认为工作稳定的有21名(19.4%)。而另外30.6%的学生毕业后不愿意成为全科医生,认为收入较低的有23名(30.7%),认为社会地位不高的有19名(25.3%)。结论:GP专业本科生对GP的学习认知及择业意向有待进一步提高,国家相关政策应向全科医生倾斜,医学院校应继续加强对GP的教育,正确引导学生更好地规划职业生涯。     

少数民族医学新生心理转型与适应过程的分析研究

目的通过对少数民族医学院校新生选择医学专业的动机、影响因素以及对医学院校学生的学习和生活的情况调查,了解其心理转型及适应过程。对提高学生的学习积极性和消除不良影响起到推动作用。方法对医学院校2006级全体新生采用问卷方式进行调查,内容涉及大学学习生活、选择医学的原因、学习方法,学习动机、奋斗目标及理想职业等方面。结果被调查的新生有97%能较快适应大学生活和学习,91.7%在进入大学后都有明确的学习目标,78.3%希望将来能够从事医学相关方面的工作。结论对医学专业大学新生的教育,应在注重并掌握每个学生的心理特征的基础上,进行针对性的引导教育,使其尽快适应医学专业的学习。     

Changing the research culture at the section of psychiatry, the University of the West Indies, Mona

OBJECTIVE: To compare the medical research output of the Section of Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona, before and after the implementation of strategies aimed at stimulating research. METHOD: Specific strategies such as weekly research and journal club meetings, with an emphasis on team activities and the establishment of bi-annual targets for submission of research papers were instituted in 2000. All research outputs from the Section of Psychiatry over the period 1995 to 2005 were identified from the Departmental Reports of the University of the West Indies and the published abstracts of the UWI Faculty of Medical Sciences and the Caribbean Health Research Council annual research conferences. A number of variables were extracted from each paper and comparisons made between the five-year period before and the five-year period after the implementation of the research enhancing strategies. Statistical analyses were performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; version 11.5) and included chi-squared and Mann Whitney U tests. RESULTS: One-hundred and sixty-two items of research output were identified for the entire period under study. In the period after the implementation of the research enhancing strategies, there were significant increases in the total research output (p = 0.008) and refereed publications (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: There were considerable increases in the overall research output of the department as well as in many sub-categories of output. These strategies are presented as a model to other departments seeking to augment their output of research.     

医学生基层就业观调查分析及对策探讨

目的了解医学生基层就业意向、阻碍因素及其就业指导需求,为医学院校建立可行的毕业生面向基层就业指导提供参考。方法采用自行设计的问卷调查表,对我校首届选修全科医学课程的27名2007级临床医学本科生进行调查。结果医学生对就业地点选择仍主要集中在大中小城市,共占74.08%,选择县城的占25.93%,乡镇和边远地区农村无人选择;选择一级医院只占7.41%,乡镇卫生院和乡村卫生室无人选择。阻碍毕业生下基层原因主要是工资待遇低、基层缺乏吸引力和不利于今后个人的职业生涯发展等因素。结论做好舆论宣传教育、政府加大投入、制定相应的政策、学校加强就业指导和深化教育教学改革是引导医学毕业生面向基层就业的重要措施。     

高等医学院校学生职业理想认知现状与培养探讨

通过问卷调查方式对北京中医药大学246名学生的职业理想认知现状进行了调研.调查结果表明,专业认知对学生的学习兴趣有较大影响,学生对职业发展的认知存在较大差异,大多数学生的职业生涯规划还未形成具体的方案.为了帮助学生树立正确的职业理想和择业观念,应当加强理想信念教育、职业生涯规划教育和法律法规教育.