小针刀在治疗颈性眩晕中的作用（附57例临床观察）

颈性眩晕是中老年人常见病症之一，病因复杂，疗效多不满意。病人头晕、头痛反复发作，十分痛苦。笔者对５７例颈性眩晕患者经牵引，药物离子透入，中医正骨手法等治疗症状改善不大者，用小针刀治疗，症状迅速缓解。现报告如下：１　临床资料５７例中，男２３例，女３４例；年龄２４岁～６７岁，３５岁～４５岁１６例占２６％，４５岁～６０岁３４例占５９．７％；病程１个月～７年，平均１年３个月。５７例Ｘ片均见有颈椎生理曲度改变。Ｃ４－８变直者１９例；Ｃ３～６椎体增生４２例，Ｃ４～８钩椎关节增生３３例，椎间隙狭窄者３５例；有…     

脊髓髓内肿瘤的诊断及其外科治疗

作者报告１７例脊髓髓内肿瘤的诊断及其外科治疗结果。病史２年以内者居多为７０．５％，２０～４０岁占７６．５％，首发症状主要为肢体麻木无力或（及）感觉异常，特有的临床表现和ＭＲＩ或ＣＴＭ检查为主要的临床诊断依据。病理诊断以颈段、颈胸段及上胸段室管膜瘤多见共９例，其次是星形细胞瘤４例。１７例均经后路手术：肿瘤全部切除９例，其中室管膜瘤７例，大部切除减压５例，脊髓背侧切开减压活检３例。随访６个月～４９．３月，平均１１．８个月，神经机能明显改善者８例，脊髓机能评分提高１１～２０分者５例，１０分以下者３例，病情稳定者４例。本文重点讨论其诊断、手术要点及其应注意事项     

胸腰椎爆裂性骨折后椎管重建—兼论非手术治疗的意义

目的 证实胸腰椎爆裂性骨折后的椎管重建现象,并探讨非手术治疗的意义。方法 回顾性分析３１例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折,其中未治疗７例,非手术治疗１６例,手术治疗８例,随访时间３～７年。记录初次诊治入院时和随访时脊髓损伤程度。以及出院和随访时椎管狭窄率。结果 ３１例患者的椎管狭窄率由初次诊治出院时的１２．３％～７４．５％（平均２６．２％）降至随访时的５．４％～４６．５％（平均１９．２％）,差异具有极显著性意义     

肾移植术后近期发生高热的诊断及治疗

报道尸体肾移植后近期发生高热５７例。其中肺部感染３５例，占６１．４％；移植肾周围脓肿６例，占１０．５％；疟原虫感染４例，占７％；脓毒血症１例，占１．８％；肺脓肿１例，占１．８％，颅内感染１例，占１．８％，不明原因９例，本组治愈４１例，占７１．９％，摘除移植肾３例，占５．３％，死亡１３例，占２２．８％。就近期发热的原因，鉴别诊断，治疗及预防进行讨论。     

小儿颈椎椎间盘钙化症

我院收治小儿颈间盘钙化症患者７例，男４例，女１３例，平均８．９岁。临床表现为颈部疼痛，活动受限、头颈歪斜和脊髓神经受压症状和体征；颈椎间盘钙化均为单发，颈３－４１例，颈４－５３例，颈５－６２例，颈７－胸１１例。钙化灶呈球形、椭圆形、蝌蚪状、或烛泪样向后突出压迫脊髓。３例曾被误诊。１例因外院手术失误而遗留中形，其余６例以颈托固定等保守疗法痊愈。随访６－１８月无复发。讨论：小儿椎间盘钙化症发病率低、病     

腰椎间隙纤维疤痕凸出（附18例分析）

自１９９１年１２月至１９９５年８月，作者共收治腰椎间盘突出再次手术３４例，发现１８例纯系椎间隙疤痕突出，占再次手术５２．９％，其中腰４、５间隙８例，腰５骶ｌ间隙６例，腰３、４间隙２例，腰４、５及腰５骶１间隙２例，治疗效果满意。分析报道如下：１临床资料１．１　一般资料　本组１８例，男１２例，女６例；年龄２６岁至６８岁，平均４２岁；再次手术间隔时间为３个月至８年，平均ｌ年６个月。其中腰４、５间隙８例，腰５骶１间隙６例，腰３、４间隙２例，腰４、５及腰５骶ｌ２例。１１例系２次手术，６例系３次手术，１例为…     

颈髓完全性损伤治疗方法的选择

报告了４２例颈髓完全性损伤非手术治疗的结果。平均年龄２９．７岁。骨折分类：屈曲型２５例，压缩型１０例，过伸型７例。损伤椎节为Ｃ_４～Ｃ_７，平均观察时间为７．８个月。按Ｆｒａｎｋｅｌ分级，仅有４例（９．５％）进步到Ｂ级；按胥少汀对完全性颈髓损伤的修正疗效标准，神经功能改善率为５２．３％。损伤当时截瘫平面高于或等于骨折节段者有较好的恢复率，而低于者无恢复。分析对比了文献报道的早期手术治疗结果，认为：颈髓完全性损伤早期手术与非手术治疗结果无明显差异。强调对完全性损伤早期判断的重要性，建议制定统一的疗效评定标准，并就相关问题进行了讨论。     

腹部手术后肠瘘的治疗

为提高手术后肠瘘的治愈率，作者总结了１９８９年１２月至１９９６年１０月间收治的腹部手术后肠瘘２４例，包括十二指肠瘘６例，高位小肠瘘３例，低位小肠瘘７例，结肠瘘８例，１６例行保守治疗，治愈率７５％（１２／１６），８例行手术治疗，治愈率８７．５％（７／８），全组死亡率２０．８％（５／２４），作者认为治疗应遵循以下原则：（１）明确诊断；（２）结合生长抑素的应用加强营养支持治疗；（３）控制感染；（４）针对     

急性胆石性胰腺炎82例的临床与病理分析

分析８２例急性胆石性胰腺炎早期手术时的胆道系统和胰腺病理改变，结果表明：重症胰腺炎病理改变占２０．９％，住院期间死亡率３．７％，胆囊结石发现率为８５．５％，其中多数性结石占７１．１％，胆总管结石发现率为３６．８％，胆管扩张占５３．８％；胆囊管明显变粗，推测曾有过胆囊排石者占２６．４％，６８例术后造影发生有胆－胰汇合异常长型通道者趺２０．１％，胆管远段狭窄占９．３％，以上资料说明急性胰腺炎诱发因素与     

机械吻合在食管外科中的应用：1605例经验总结

１９８０年８月至１９９４年２月应用机械方法对１６０５例食管癌和贲门癌切除后进行吻合。男１２８１例，女３２４例。年龄２８～８１岁，其中５０～６９岁１１８４例（７３．８％）。食管癌１０４４例，贲门癌５６１例。食管胃颈部吻合３５例；超胸顶吻合５８例；弓上吻合８３５例；弓下吻合６７７例。术后发生吻合口瘘１６例（ｌ％），其中颈部吻合口瘘发生率１４．３％（５／３５）；胸内吻合口瘘发生率０．７％（１１／１５７０），前６年胸内吻合口瘘发生率１．４％（８／５７５），近８年胸内吻合口瘘发生率０．３％（３／９９５）。术后发生吻合口狭窄１６例（１％），狭窄明显者经扩张后均恢复正常饮食。作者认为：机械吻合是减少胸内吻合口瘘的有效方法之一。     

Spinal injuries in motorcycle crashes: patterns and outcomes

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine patterns of spinal injury and clinical outcomes resulting from motorcycle crashes. METHODS: We analyzed data collected on 1,121 motorcyclists involved in road traffic accidents (from 1993-2000) and identified those who had sustained a spinal injury. RESULTS: Spinal injury occurred in 126 (11.2%) riders (112 male riders [88.9%] and 14 female riders [11.1%]), with a mean age of 30.2 years (range, 16-61 years) and Injury Severity Score of 18.8 (range, 4-66). Isolated injuries to the spine occurred in 30 (23.8%) riders. The thoracic spine was injured in 69 (54.8%), the lumbar spine in 37 (29.4%), and the cervical spine in 34 (27.0%) cases. Multiple vertebral levels were affected in 54 (42.9%). Neurologic injury occurred in 25 riders (19.8%), with complete distal neurologic injury in 14 (4 cervical, 9 thoracic, and 1 lumbar). Eleven (8.7%) patients required spinal surgery. There were 13 (10.3%) deaths. CONCLUSION: The thoracic spine is the most commonly injured spinal region in motorcycle crashes. Multiple level injuries are common. Protocols concentrating on the radiographic clearance of the cervical region may miss a significant number of spinal injuries. Vigilance is required in assessing these patients, who often have multiple injuries.     

Fallstricke in der Wirbelsäulendiagnostik

Injuries of the upper cervical spine are rare. The most commonly affected regions are the dens axis in patients older than 70 years, the 5th cervical body, the spinal segment C5/6, the 12th thoracic body, and the 1st lumbar body. Diagnosis involves thorough physical examination of the entire spinal column, including the os sacrum, in order not to miss the classical injury locations (cervicothoracic, thoracolumbar, os sacrum). Standard x-ray and functional images must show all cervical bodies. The presence of ankylosing spondylitis often leads to underestimation of the extent of injury; the clinician must pay close attention to degenerative spinal alterations because functional images may show only minimal shifting of the vertebral bodies. Because of poor visibility in the thoracic region, computed tomography should be used generously to clarify thoracic injuries. General diagnostic pitfalls include insufficient pathophysiologic knowledge (such as the most frequently affected regions), ignoring anamnestic and neurological findings (for example, a “strange feeling” in the 5th finger as an indication of cervical spine injury), and only superficial physical examination (for instance, examining only the lower lumbar region in cases of back pain).     

The effects of spinal cord injury on bone healing in patients with femoral fractures

Abstract

Background

Orthopedic literature states that fractures of long bones, when associated with traumatic brain injuries, frequently heal with excessive callus and faster than normal. Few studies, however, have reported these phenomena being induced by spinal cord injury (SCI). Our objective is to compare the extent of callus and the rate of healing of long-bone fractures in patients with or without SCI. Subgroup comparisons were performed among the patients with SCI in terms of different levels of SCI.

Methods

The final mean volume of callus formation and the rate of union of nailed fractures of the femur were determined radiologically in 22 femoral fracture patients with SCI (seven cervical, six thoracic, and nine lumbar spine injury) and compared with those in a group of 22 patients with similar types of fractures but without SCI.

Results

The final mean callus volume in the fracture/SCI group was significantly higher than the fracture-only group (P < 0.001). The fractures in the fracture/SCI group united in an average time of 22.86 weeks compared with 25.04 weeks in the fracture-only group (P < 0.05). We observed 84.6% (11 of 13) of patients with cervical and thoracic SCI patients with accelerated fracture healing (cervical 6 of 7, thoracic 5 of 6), but only 44.4% (4 of 9) of patients with lumbar SCI appeared to show this phenomenon (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

These results confirm that SCI may be associated with accelerated fracture healing and enhanced callus formation. Furthermore, our study revealed a trend toward enhanced osteogenesis in cervical or thoracic SCI compared with lumbar SCI.     

脊髓纵裂30例诊治分析

目的探讨脊髓纵裂的临床诊治。方法回顾性研究1995—2002年间我院收治的脊髓纵裂病例，分析其临床诊治过程。结果脊髓纵裂30例，女性22例(73．3％)，男性8例(26．7％)，临床表现主要有：脊柱畸形30例(100%)，背部皮肤病变13例(43．3％)，下肢神经缺陷12例(40．0％)。X线片发现椎体异常27例(90%)，脊髓造影、CT、CTM、MRI检查异常表现的比例分别为77．8％(14／18)、88．9％(8／9)、100％(16／16)、91．7％(11／12)。纵裂位于胸段15例，腰段4例，颈段及胸段l例，胸段及腰段9例，颈段、胸段及腰段1例；骨性纵裂6例。纤维性纵裂21例，混合性纵裂3例。治疗方法包括单纯骨嵴切除椎管减压1例(3．3％)。脊柱畸形矫形手术同时切除骨嵴4例(13．3％)，单纯行脊柱畸形矫形手术而未处理脊髓纵裂23例(76．7％)，未行任何手术2例。有神经缺陷者中有4例在术后获得改善。结论脊髓纵裂临床少见，以女性患者较多，往往以脊侧凸为首发表现，患者多合并有背部皮肤异常及下肢神经缺陷，CTM扫描常能明确诊断。纵裂多位于胸段及腰段，在脊柱畸形矫形手术时要注意对脊髓纵裂的影响。     

Spinal fractures in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: Clinical characteristics by fracture level

BackgroundDiffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) makes the spine prone to unstable fractures with neurological deterioration. This study was conducted to assess clinical and radiographic features of spinal fractures in DISH by the level of spinal injury, and to evaluate the optimal treatment for each level.MethodsA multicenter retrospective study over a 5-year period, including 46 patients (35 males; 11 females) with a mean age of 77.2 ± 9.7 years at the time of injury. By fracture level, there were 7 cervical (15.2%), 25 thoracic (54.3%), and 14 lumbar (30.4%) fractures. We recorded the cause of injury, whether diagnosis was delayed, and neurological status by Frankel grade. Ossification and fracture patterns were assessed by CT-multi-planar reconstruction (MPR).ResultsNeurological status immediately after the cervical-spine injury was C (28.6%) or E (71.4%); after thoracic injury, C (12.0%) or E (88.0%); and after lumbar injury, D (21.4%) or E (78.6%). Inability to walk at admission was more frequent in patients with a spinal-cord injury above the lumbar level (P = .033). Vertebral-body fractures were observed in 14.3% of the cervical injuries, 80.0% of the thoracic injuries, and 50.0% of the lumbar injuries (P = .004). Most patients with a cervical fracture had a disc-level fracture (85.7%). Posterior-column ankylosis was observed in 14.3% of the cervical-fracture group, 72.0% of the thoracic-fracture group, and 78.6% of the lumbar-fracture group (P = .008).ConclusionOssification and fracture patterns in patients with DISH varied distinctly by the level of spinal injury. Intervertebral-disc fractures were frequently observed in the cervical spine. Delayed diagnosis, vertebral-body fracture, and posterior-column ankylosis were observed in the thoracolumbar spine. This study recommends 3 above and 3 below fusion, to avoid instrumentation failure in the fixation of spinal fracture in patients with DISH.     

Non-contiguous spinal fractures

A retrospective review of 817 spinal fracture patients revealed a 6.4% (52/817) incidence of non-contiguous spine fractures. Seventy-three per cent of the non-contiguous injuries were comprised of combinations of injuries in the cervical and thoracic regions or in the thoracic and lumbar regions. Forty-five per cent of fractures were a combination of compression fractures, 40% a combination of a compression fracture and a major spine fracture (i.e., one more likely to cause a neurologic deficit), and 15% a combination of major fractures.     

Blood flow evaluations on normal spinal cord of rabbit and the effect of aortic ligation by radioactive microsphere technique]

The microsphere technique was used to determine precise distribution of the spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) in rabbit and measurement of the SCBF was also carried out after the ligation of the thoracic aorta to examine the mechanism of collateral circulation. The results showed higher values of the SCBF in the cervical (42.3 +/- 17.1ml/100g/min) and lumbar spinal cord (42.2 +/- 25.5ml/100g/min), compared with the thoracic cord (36.6 +/- 15.5ml/100g/min). The segmental analysis of SCBF distribution revealed relatively higher in the lower cervical, lower thoracic and lumbar segments but showed lower values in the upper thoracic segments. The SCBF was also detectable only in 2-4 thoracic segments below the ligation level of the thoracic aorta, which suggests that sufficient pathway of collateral circulation is not plausible in the thoracic cord of rabbit.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66椎体支撑体在脊柱前柱手术重建中的应用

[目的]探讨纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66(nano-hydroxyapatite polyamide66,n-HA/PA66)椎体支撑体在脊柱前柱手术重建中应用的临床治疗效果。[方法]2008年1月～2010年10月采用n-HA/PA66椎体支撑体行脊柱前柱重建手术434例,男332例,女102例,年龄18～72岁,平均43.2岁;颈椎骨折84例,胸腰椎骨折202例,脊髓型颈椎病148例。随访以脊髓神经功能Frankel分级和日本矫形外科学会(japan orthopaedic association,JOA)评分改善率评价患者神经功能恢复情况;复查X线片及三维CT了解术后脊柱序列恢复情况,评估支撑体融合以及下沉移位情况。[结果]395例患者获得随访,随访时间3～24个月,平均11.4个月。末次随访时,颈椎骨折和胸腰椎骨折患者中,分别有16例和17例完全性脊髓损伤患者术后脊髓功能无恢复,其余Frankel分级分别平均提高1.1级和1.3级;颈椎病患者术后3个月及末次随访JOA改善率76.7%、80.8%。影像学检查显示术后脊柱高度、曲度基本恢复正常;颈椎骨折与颈椎病患者术后3个月时支撑体全部融合(融合率100%...     

Occurrence of massive gluteal muscle necrosis following transcatheter angiographic embolization (TAE) to control pelvic hemorrhage in 6 patients

BACKGROUND: An association between cervical fractures and thoracolumbar fractures after blunt trauma has long been assumed, but not adequately demonstrated. We sought to determine the actual association between these injuries in a large nationwide data set. METHODS: The National Trauma Databank (NTDB) was queried for victims of blunt vehicular trauma with at least minimal injury. An odds ratio was calculated for the association between cervical spine fractures and thoracolumbar fractures. RESULTS: Overall 190,183 NTDB patient records met the criteria of a motor vehicle crash with more than minimal injury. Of these 7.51% (14,292) had cervical spine fractures, 4.73% (8,996) had thoracic spine fractures, 5.93% (11,280) had lumbar spine fractures, and 9.79% (18,623) had either thoracic or lumbar fractures. Of patients with a cervical spine fracture, 13.06% (2,433) also had a thoracic or lumbar fracture, whereas among patients without cervical spine fracture only 6.91% (11,859) had a thoracolumbar fracture. The odds ratio (OR) for a thoracolumbar fracture in the presence of a cervical spine fracture was 2.02 (p < 0.0001) (95% confidence interval 1.9318-2.1201). CONCLUSION: These data confirm a strong association between cervical spine fractures and thoracolumbar fractures after blunt vehicular trauma, and support the practice of imaging the complete spine when a cervical fracture is identified.     

跳跃型脊柱结核的外科治疗

目的 探讨跳跃型脊柱结核的治疗方法 及临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2007年3月收治的资料完整的23例跳跃型脊柱结核患者的临床特点、治疗方法 及结果.患者年龄21～65岁,平均41.5岁.病灶位于颈椎+胸椎3例,胸椎+胸椎3例,胸椎+胸腰段6例,胸椎+腰椎4例,胸腰段+腰椎5例,颈椎+胸椎+胸腰段1例,颈椎+胸腰段+腰椎1例.术前后凸角度-5.0°～65.0°,平均30.6°.各处病灶根据病变特点、部位及椎体破坏程度选择行前路一期病灶清除、植骨内固定术,经肋横突入路病灶清除术、椎间植骨后路椎弓根系统内固定术,前路病灶清除植骨、后路椎弓根固定术,一期后路病灶清除、植骨内固定术,单纯病灶清除术或保守治疗.结果术后随访1.5～6.0年,平均3.2年.所有病灶均治愈,未再复发.术后6～12个月,行植骨者病灶X线片均显示植骨融合.术前11例合并截瘫者,7例完全恢复,4例部分恢复.末次随访时后凸角度改善至平均14.2°.术后9例次发生并发症,未造成机体残余损害.结论 跳跃型脊柱结核应根据各处病灶的部位、稳定性、畸形状况及神经损伤情况采取相应的治疗方法 .在有效的抗结核治疗和营养支持治疗前提下积极术前准备,对绝大多数跳跃型脊柱结核患者可一期行手术治疗.