胰岛素泵联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗62例糖尿病合并急性缺血性脑卒中患者的疗效分析

目的探讨胰岛素泵联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗糖尿病合并急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床效果。方法选取某院收治的糖尿病合并急性缺血性脑卒中患者124例,按照随机数表法分为对照组(n=62)及观察组(n=62)。对照组予以常规对症治疗,在此基础上观察组予以胰岛素泵联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗,持续治疗2周。对比两组治疗前、治疗2周后血糖[空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)]水平、神经功能缺损程度评分(NIHSS)。结果治疗2周后观察组FPG、2 hPG水平及NIHSS评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论糖尿病合并急性缺血性脑卒中患者予以胰岛素泵联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗可显著控制血糖水平,减轻神经功能损伤。     

苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀对高血压患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度的影响

目的 探讨苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平与阿托伐他汀联合用于高血压患者时对患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的影响.方法 92例高血压合并颈动脉内膜中层增厚患者随机分为观察组(n=46)与对照组(n=46),观察组给予苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平与阿托伐他汀联合治疗,对照组给予硝苯地平缓释片与阿托伐他汀联合治疗,对比2组患者血压、颈动脉IMT及血管内皮功能.结果 治疗后2组SBP、DBP均显著降低(P＜0.01),且治疗后观察组显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);观察组颈动脉IMT显著降低(P＜0.01),对照组无显著变化(P＞0.05),且观察组治疗后IMT显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);2组内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FDM)经治疗均显著增高(P＜0.01),且治疗后观察组显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平与阿托伐他汀联合应用可有效控制血压,延缓IMT的增厚,保护血管内皮功能,对于减少高血压心脑血管疾病的发生率具有重要意义.     

他汀改善实验性糖尿病内皮细胞功能的研究

目的研究阿托伐他汀对链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的Ⅰ型糖尿病大鼠血管内皮功能不良的影响。方法8周龄SD雄性大鼠两次腹腔注射STZ诱发实验性Ⅰ型糖尿病,以不足产生降血脂作用小剂量阿托伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠进行干预,应用在体后肢自动灌注模式（autoperfused hindlimb model）测定大鼠体内血管内皮依赖性舒张功能,并观察主动脉壁组织中内皮一氧化氮合成酶（eNoS）耐州A的表达。结果与大鼠正常对照组相比,糖尿病组大鼠内皮依赖性血管舒张功能显著下降（P〈0．05）,血清NO含量明显降低（P〈0．05）,主动脉壁组织中eNOS mRNA表达下调（P〈0．05）。与糖尿病对照组相比,阿托伐他汀干预组大鼠内皮依赖性血管舒张显著增加（P〈0．05）,血清NO含量显著升高（P〈0．05）,主动脉壁组织中一氧化氮合成酶（eNOS）mRNA的表达显著上调（P〈0．05）。结论低剂量阿托伐他汀能显著改善链脲佐菌素诱导的Ⅰ型糖尿病大鼠血管内皮依赖性舒张功能,其机制与阿托伐他汀降血脂作用无关。     

超声检测首次脑梗死患者血管内皮功能的价值

目的了解超声检测首次脑梗死患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能中的价值。方法用多普勒超声对97例高血压病合并首次脑梗死患者（高血压病组）及46例无高血压病、糖尿病和心脑血管疾病的患者（对照组）检查血管内皮依赖性舒张功能，测定两组患者肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能并进行对照分析。结果高血压病合并首次脑梗死患者反应性充血诱发的肱动脉内径百分变化率明显低于对照组（P〈0．01），硝酸甘油诱发的肱动脉内径百分变化率与对照组无明显差别（P〉0．05）。结论高血压病合并首次脑梗死患者存在血管内皮依赖性舒张功能障碍，超声检查对评价血管内皮依赖性舒张功能有重要价值。     

阿托伐他汀对脑梗死患者血管内皮舒张功能的影响

目的评价阿托伐他汀对脑梗死患者血管内皮舒张功能的影响。方法将84例病程3个月以上的动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者随机分为阿托伐他汀治疗的研究组（44例）和对照组（40例）,观察治疗12周前后应用高频超声检测肱动脉血流介导的舒张功能及血中一氧化氮浓度变化。结果研究组治疗后血管内皮依赖性舒张功能明显改善（P〈0．01）,一氧化氮浓度显著增加（P〈0．01）,而对照组治疗前后比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论脑梗死患者应用阿托伐他汀降脂治疗同时可改善血管内皮舒张功能。     

糖尿病患者血管内皮舒张功能的超声研究

目的 :研究 型糖尿病 (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,NIDDM)患者尿蛋白排泄量与血管内皮舒张功能损伤的关系。方法 :采用高分辨率超声测定伴有不同程度蛋白尿的 型糖尿病患者血流介导的肱动脉内皮依赖性血管舒张和硝酸甘油介导的非内皮依赖性血管舒张。结果 :糖尿病尿蛋白正常组、微量组、大量组内皮依赖性血管舒张功能较正常对照组降低 (P<0 .0 0 1) ;大量蛋白尿组较尿蛋白正常组降低 (P<0 .0 5) ;硝酸甘油介导的非内皮依赖性血管舒张各组间无差异 (P>0 .0 5)。多因素线性相关性分析 ,糖尿病患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能损伤和尿蛋白排泄量、糖化血红蛋白、血浆甘油三酯呈负相关。结论 :糖尿病患者血管内皮舒张功能损伤早于蛋白尿出现     

瑞舒伐他汀联合参麦注射液治疗老年慢性心力衰竭疗效观察

目的:探讨瑞舒伐他汀联合参麦注射液治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的疗效。方法:选取2016年6月～2019年8月收治的老年慢性心力衰竭患者80例为研究对象,按随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组采用参麦注射液治疗,观察组采用瑞舒伐他汀联合参麦注射液治疗,对比两组治疗前后心功能指标、B型脑钠肽、C反应蛋白水平及生活质量评分,治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后观察组左心室射血分数及生活质量评分均高于对照组,左心室舒张末容量、左心室收缩末容量、左心室舒张末期前后径均小于对照组,B型脑钠肽、C反应蛋白水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组均未见明显不良反应发生。结论:瑞舒伐他汀联合参麦注射液治疗老年慢性心力衰竭疗效显著,可以改善患者心功能,降低患者机体炎症反应,改善患者生活质量,且安全性较高。     

丹红注射液联合瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病患者血脂及心功能的影响

目的探讨丹红注射液联合瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病患者血脂及心功能的影响。方法以该院心内科2017年6月至2018年6月收治的208例冠心病住院患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法,分为对照组及观察组,每组104例。对照组仅口服瑞舒伐他汀,而观察组在口服瑞舒伐他汀基础上静脉滴注丹红注射液。比较两组治疗前后血脂、心功能及不良反应的发生情况。结果两组治疗前血脂及心功能指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组血脂及心功能指标均明显改善(P0.05)。观察组总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显低于对照组,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组左心室舒张末期内径、左心室后壁厚度低于对照组,而左心室射血分数高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。整个研究过程中,两组均未观测到明显的药物不良反应。结论丹红注射液联合瑞舒伐他汀有助于改善冠心病患者血脂水平,显著提高患者心功能,且无明显不良反应。     

瑞舒伐他汀钙对高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸及炎性因子和血管内皮功能影响

目的:研究瑞舒伐他汀钙对高尿酸血症大鼠血清尿酸、C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α和主动脉内皮功能的影响.方法:60只大鼠随机分为5组,每组各12只,分别为对照组,模型组,瑞舒伐他汀钙高、中、低剂量组.模型组和瑞舒伐他汀高、中、低剂量组采用氧嗪酸钾联合酵母膏建立高尿酸血症模型,瑞舒伐他汀钙高、中、低剂量组在建立模型同时分别给予瑞舒伐他汀钙10.0,5.0,2.5 mg/(kg·d)治疗6周,观察各组大鼠血清尿酸、C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6及肿瘤坏死因子-α的水平和主动脉内皮病理形态学变化.结果:瑞舒伐他汀钙高、中、低剂量组血清C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α及血尿酸水平均明显低于模型组(P<0.01).病理结果显示主动脉内皮损害模型组较对照组严重,瑞舒伐他汀钙高、中、低剂量组血管内皮损害呈剂量依赖性减轻,以高剂量组损害最轻.血清C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α水平变化与血清尿酸水平呈正相关.结论:高尿酸血症大鼠存在炎症反应,可损伤主动脉内皮细胞功能;瑞舒伐他汀钙有抑制炎症反应,保护主动脉内皮细胞功能的作用,可降低血尿酸,呈剂量依赖性.     

阿托伐他汀对2型糖尿病患者血管内皮功能及颈动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀的降脂疗效及对2型糖尿病患者肱动脉内皮功能、颈动脉粥样硬化及颈动脉斑块的影响。方法:选择71例合并有颈动脉斑块的2型糖尿病患者,分为两组,对照组给予安慰剂,治疗组给予阿托伐他汀20mg,每晚1次,总疗程24周,分别测定治疗前、后肱动脉血流介导舒张功能及颈动脉内膜-中层厚度、颈动脉斑块的变化。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗组总胆固醇,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高;肱动脉内径有所扩大,颈动脉斑块缩小,血管内皮功能改善(P<0.01)。结论:阿托伐他汀降脂疗效确切,并有改善血管内皮功能、延缓动脉粥样硬化进展、减小并稳定斑块的作用。     

有氧运动联合抗阻训练对2型糖尿病患者氧化应激及糖脂代谢的影响

目的:分析有氧运动联合抗阻训练对2型糖尿病患者氧化应激及糖脂代谢的影响。方法:将符合标准的105例2型糖尿病患者随机分组,对照组52例进行有氧运动,观察组53例加用抗阻训练,2组均持续训练3个月,观察2组患者训练前后氧化应激及糖脂代谢相关指标的变化。结果:观察组FPG、HbAlc、TC、LDL-C、MDA及8-OHdG均低于对照组,SOD高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:有氧联合抗阻训练能有效控制2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂水平,改善患者糖脂代谢及氧化应激,其效果优于单纯有氧运动。     

Evaluation of simulated soil moisture from China Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS) land surface models

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the land surface model-simulated soil moisture (SM) product from the China Land Data Assimilation System (CLDAS). This was achieved using three densely instrumented in situ observation networks in China that have different environmental conditions, i.e., the Hebi, Naqu and Heihe sites. The European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative multi-satellite-retrieved SM product (CCI-SM) was also included for inter-comparison purposes. Standard validation scores indicated that the CLDAS-SM product has high correlation and low uncertainty with both surface and root-zone soil moisture observations. The target accuracy (0.04 m³ m^?3) was achieved over all three sites. Compared with the CCI-SM product, the CLDAS-SM product showed higher accuracy for the Hebi and Heihe sites but slightly lower accuracy for the Naqu site located at the centre of the Tibetan Plateau. Regionally, the unbiased root mean square difference between the CLDAS-SM and CCI-SM products was noticeably smaller within China than in neighbouring countries. Given that the performance of the CCI-SM product should be unaffected by country boundaries, the better performance of the CLDAS-SM product in China can be attributed primarily to the high-quality meteorological forcing data.     

Epidemiological features and dynamic changes in blood biochemical indices for COVID-19 patients in Hebi

BACKGROUNDMillions of people have died of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and retrospective studies of the disease in local regions are necessary.AIMTo characterize the epidemiological features and dynamic changes in blood biochemical indices for SARS-CoV-2-infected patients in Hebi, a representative city with a large floating population in North China.METHODSFrom January 25 to February 10, 2020, the clinical data of patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in Hebi city (China) were evaluated at admission, and laboratory data for hematologic parameters, inflammatory indices, coagulation function indices, liver function indices, blood lipid indices, renal function indices, myocardial enzyme activities and five blood biochemical markers of immunity were evaluated at admission, upon hospitalization and before discharge.RESULTSSixteen confirmed COVID-19 patients developed pneumonia but were cured after adequate treatment. Fever and fatigue were the common symptoms. The most common laboratory abnormalities of patients at admission were leukopenia, eosinopenia, decreased percentage of eosinophils, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein and fibrinogen levels, hypoalbuminemia, mildly increased aspartate transferase activity and levels of bilirubin, and increased levels of β2-microglobulin. Importantly, aggravated liver dysfunction was detected in most patients, which may be partially attributed to virus infection as well as medicinal treatment.CONCLUSIONThis study provides several potential diagnostic markers and dynamic biochemical indices of disease progression to better prevent, diagnose and treat COVID-19 infection.     

两种不同咬合板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床效果

目的探讨两种不同咬合板治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床效果。方法选取鹤壁市人民医院2017年1月至2018年4月收治的颞下颌关节紊乱病患者42例,按随机数字表法分为A、B 2组:A组21例予以稳定性咬合板治疗,B组21例予以Twin-block咬合板治疗。比较2组治疗效果、不同时间点疼痛、关节弹响及张口度变化情况。结果 2组治疗1、3、6个月后VAS评分较治疗前均显著降低,且A组较同时间点B组降低更为明显,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;2组治疗1、3、6个月后张口度均较同组治疗前显著增大,且A组较同时间点B组增大更为明显,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;2组治疗1、3、6个月后关节弹响声均较同组治疗前显著降低,且B组较同时间点A组降低更为明显,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。结论对颞下颌关节紊乱病患者采用稳定性咬合板和Twin-block咬合板治疗均有较好的治疗效果,稳定性咬合板在缓解关节疼痛和张口受限方面优于Twin-block咬合板,但Twin-block咬合板在改善关节弹响方面效果更显著。     

肌少症训练综合干预应用于老年轻型急性缺血性脑卒中患者的效果观察

目的探讨肌少症训练综合干预应用于老年轻型急性缺血性脑卒中患者的效果。方法将鹤壁市人民医院2018年7月至2020年12月123例老年轻型急性缺血性脑卒中患者按照计算机分组法分为对照组61例,给予常规康复训练干预,观察组62例在对照组基础上给予肌少症训练综合干预,对比两组骨骼肌厚度和指数、认知功能以及肌少症发生情况。结果干预后,观察组肱二头肌、胫前屈肌厚度以及骨骼肌质量指数(ASMI)水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组蒙特利尔认知量表(MoCA)和简易智力状态量表(MMSE)分值均高于对照组(P<0.001);观察组肌少症发生率(4.84%)低于对照组(18.03%),P<0.05。结论肌少症训练综合干预应用于老年轻型急性缺血性脑卒中患者可调节骨骼肌厚度和ASMI,改善认知功能且能减少肌少症发生。     

MRI对脊柱外伤及原发性骨质疏松椎体压缩时间及功能预后的评估

背景脊椎骨折碎骨片可进入椎管造成神经功能损伤,损伤后神经功能的恢复主要取决于原发性损伤的性质和程度,并与脊髓受损的范围有关.早期影像学的分析可评价脊髓损伤的程度和范围,初步评价患者的治疗手段和预后.目的探讨MRI对脊柱外伤及原发性骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的功能预后评估价值,为早期康复介入干预提供依据.设计以良性椎体压缩性骨折患者为研究对象的病例回顾性研究.单位河南省鹤壁矿务局总医院的影像科,两所大学医院的放射线科.对象北京医科大学第一医院、新乡医学院第一附属医院经MRI行脊椎检查者125例,对诊断为良性椎体压缩骨折且临床资料完整者107例(123个椎体),外伤组65例(71个椎体),骨质疏松组42例(52个椎体),进行回顾性分析.方法对107例(123个椎体)由急性外伤或原发性骨质疏松所致的压缩椎体的MRI征象进行对比分析.分别由两名副主任医师对患者的影像学资料进行盲法评价,根据变形椎体前后高度差别及形状将椎体压缩定位"楔形"、"扁形"2种,并观察有或无骨碎片及典型的骨折线.结果变形椎体内完全保留骨髓信号并混有高信号,椎体后上角突向椎管;T1椎体终板下带状低信号;椎体前后缘外形正常或略凹陷、边缘光滑;椎体静脉显示清晰是骨质疏松压缩的MRI表现.椎体较为均匀的低信号并部分保留骨髓信号、椎体变形明显、椎旁血肿、有骨折线或多伴脊髓水肿、囊变是外伤性压缩的MRI表现.椎体强化是骨折修复期的重要表现,是判定新鲜、陈旧骨折的一个参考标准.结论脊柱外伤及原发性骨质疏松椎体骨折及骨折时间的判定可通过MRI进行鉴别,并可初步评价患者的功能和预后.     

良性家族性婴儿惊厥和阵发性运动障碍综合征基因位点异质性:5个家系的研究

背景良性家族性婴儿惊厥(benign familial infantile convulsion,BFIC)疾病基因定位研究主要在西方国家进行,尽管现在已经报道了3个染色体位点与疾病基因连锁,但直到目前疾病基因仍未被找到和证实.要最终克隆BFIC疾病基因首先要对BFIC疾病基因进行定位和位点异质性研究.目的研究BFIC家系的疾病基因与BFIC位点的连锁关系并检测是否存在疾病基因位点异质性.设计以5个BFIC家系成员的基因型为研究对象,回顾性观察对比研究. 单位一所大学的细胞生物学与医学遗传学研究室.对象本研究于2001-07月/2003-07在郑州大学医学院细胞生物学与医学遗传学教研室完成.共采集5个BFIC家系(图1-5),分别来自河南省新乡、南阳、周口、鹤璧四地区,受试者共70例,其中BFIC患者28例,非BFIC患者42例.纳入标准①符合国际抗癫痫联盟颁布的癫痫发作分类的标准确诊者;排除标准脑电图、脑CT、磁共振检测结果有异常以及有中毒、脑外伤病史者.方法应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)、变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和银染技术得到家系成员的基因型.从BFIC家系成员外周血中抽提DNA,选择D19S245,D19S250,D16S3131,D16S3133,D2S399和D2S2330等6个基因短片段重复序列(STR)作为DNA标记,检测家系成员的基因型.将基因型信息输入计算机由LINKAGE软件包中的MLINK程序完成连锁分析边.最后,由LINKAGE软件包中的MLINK程序检测疾病基因位点异质性.主要观察指标家系成员基因型的连锁分析结果和异质性检测结果.结果连锁分析结果显示,在常染色体显性遗传(AD)模式下,标记位点D19S250处,家系2,3,5在重组率为0.000,外显率为90%时,获得最大两点检测限(LOD)值总和为2.151;标记位点D16S3131处,家系2,5在重组率为0.085,外显率为70%,60%时,获得最大两点LOD值分别为1.056,1.155;提示这两个位点与疾病基因可能存在连锁关系.在其它位点处未获得提示连锁关系的信息.异质性检测显示,可能与D16S3131存在连锁关系的家系占39.8%,可能与D19S250存在连锁关系的家系占41.3%,而与这两个标记位点均不存在连锁关系的家系占18.8%.BFIC家系之间存在位点异质性.结论本研究发现了BFIC致病基因可能与D19S250或D16S3131存在连锁关系,BFIC存在位点异质性,从而为精确定位BFIC疾病基因提供了重要信息.     

Development of Oil-in-Gelatin Phantoms for Viscoelasticity Measurement in Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography

Because tissues consist of solid and fluid materials, their mechanical properties should be characterized in terms of both elasticity and viscosity. Although the elastic properties of tissue-mimicking phantoms have been extensively studied and well characterized in commercially available phantoms, their viscous properties have not been fully investigated. In this article, a set of 14 tissue-mimicking phantoms with different concentrations of gelatin and castor oil were fabricated and characterized in terms of acoustic and viscoelastic properties. The results indicate that adding castor oil to gelatin phantoms decreases shear modulus, but increases shear wave dispersion. For 3% gelatin phantoms containing 0%, 10%, 20% and 40% oil, the measured shear moduli are 2.01 ± 0.26, 1.68 ± 0.25, 1.10 ± 0.22 and 0.88 ± 0.17 kPa, and the Voigt-model coupled shear viscosities are 0.60 ± 0.11, 0.89 ± 0.07, 1.05 ± 0.11 and 1.06 ± 0.13 Pa·s, respectively. The results also confirm that increasing the gelatin concentration increases shear modulus. For phantoms containing 3%, 4%, 5%, 6% and 7% gelatin, the measured shear moduli are 2.01 ± 0.26, 3.10 ± 0.34, 4.18 ± 0.84, 8.05 ± 1.00 and 10.24 ± 1.80 kPa at 0% oil and 1.10 ± 0.22, 1.97 ± 0.20, 3.13 ± 0.63, 4.60 ± 0.60 and 8.43 ± 1.39 kPa at 20% oil, respectively. The phantom recipe developed in this study can be used in validating ultrasound shear wave elastography techniques for soft tissues.     

Dancer perceptions of the cognitive,social, emotional,and physical benefits of modern styles of partnered dancing

ObjectiveTo study dancers’ perceptions of the physical, cognitive, affective, and social benefits of partnered dancing.Method225 dancers (71% female) were recruited through a community ballroom dance center and completed an online survey designed to measure their perceptions of the physical, cognitive, affective, and social benefits of modern, partnered dance styles (swing, Lindy Hop, and ballroom dancing). Subgroups were formed for analyses. For one set of analyses, groups based on length of dance participation were formed: experienced (dancing for more than 2 years) or novice (dancing for less than a year) dancers. For another set of analyses, groups based on frequency of dance practice were formed: committed (dancing at least one or more times per week) or occasional (dancing two or fewer times per month).ResultsThe majority of participants reported perceived benefits in physical fitness, cognition, affect, and social functioning. Experienced dancers reported significantly greater self-perceived physical, social, and cognitive benefits than novice dancers. Committed dancers were more likely than occasional dancers to report improvements in physical fitness, U = 6942, z = 2.38, r = 0.16, p < 0.05. A Mann-Whitney test indicated that self-reported improvements in mood (i.e., feeling less depressed and more happy) were greater for women than for men, U = 3945, z = −3.07, r = 0.20, p < 0.001. Length and frequency of dance participation significantly predicted perceived physical benefits [Χ² (1,6) = 35.463, p <0.001, R² = 0.16] and social benefits [Χ² (1,6) = 15.776, p < 0.05, R² = 0.07], but not cognitive benefits.ConclusionsResults suggest that participation in partnered dance styles is associated with perceived improvements in physical fitness, cognitive functioning, social functioning, mood, and self-confidence, and that perceived benefits may increase as individuals dance more frequently and over longer periods of time.     

Evaluation of Utero-placental and Fetal Hemodynamic Parameters Throughout Gestation in Pregnant Mice Using High-Frequency Ultrasound

Throughout gestation, changes in maternal and fetal Doppler parameters in pregnant mice, similar to those obtained in human fetuses, were detected using high-frequency ultrasound with a 55-MHz linear probe. In the uterine arteries (UtA), fetal umbilical artery (UA) and fetal ductus venosus (DV) peak systolic velocity increased (UtA, p = 0.04; UA, p = 0.0004; DV, p = 0.02), end-diastolic velocity increased (UtA, p < 0.001; UA, p < 0.0001; DV, p = 0.01) and resistance index decreased (UtA, p = 0.0004; UA, p = 0.0001; DV, p = 0.04) toward the end of pregnancy. In the middle cerebral and carotid arteries, end diastolic velocity increased (p = 0.02 and p < 0.0001) and resistance index decreased (both vessels, p < 0.0001). There was a reduction in the pulsatile pattern in the umbilical vein (p < 0.05). The increased velocities and reduced resistance index suggest a progressive increment in blood flow to the fetal mouse toward the end of pregnancy. Fetal and utero-placental vascular parameters in CD-1 mice can be reliably evaluated using high-frequency ultrasound.