The effect of amiloride in decreasing albuminuria in patients with diabetic kidney diseases: a prospective,crossover, open-label study

BackgroundDiabetic kidney diseases (DKD) were the leading cause of End-stage renal diseases worldwide. Albuminuria was a target for treatment in DKD and decreasing albuminuria was particularly important for improving its prognosis. However, there is still a lack of specific treatment for DKD.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, crossover, open-label study to investigate the effect of amiloride in patients with DKD. Safety and efficacy were assessed by monitoring urine protein creatinine ratio(uPCR), urinary albumin creatinine ratio (uACR), blood pressure, weight, serum sodium, serum potassium, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and urinary suPAR. Ten subjects were enrolled in the trial.ResultsIn this prospective, crossover, open-label design, amiloride could induce a significant decrease of uACR in DKD. The decrease of serum and urinary suPAR in the amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) group was also significant compared with those patients using HCTZ as the control group. Correlation analysis showed that the levels of urinary suPAR were positively associated with uPCR and uACR. No significant difference in blood pressure, weight, serum sodium, serum potassium, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid was seen between the amiloride/HCTZ group and the control group.ConclusionIn summary, among patients with DKD, amiloride could decrease albuminuria without severe side effects, which was accompanied by the significant decline of urinary suPAR.     

Direct effects of simvastatin on proliferation and matrix accumulation in cultured murine mesangial cells

Background. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors have been demonstrated to suppress glomerular injuries in various renal diseases. However, it is not fully clear whether HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors directly regulate matrix protein accumulation in mesangial cells. Methods. We investigated the effect of simvastatin (SIM), an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on DNA synthesis in cultured murine mesangial cells stimulated by fetal calf serum (FCS). We then determined whether SIM affected the expression of regulatory factors of cell growth and matrix protein accumulation, using Northern analysis. Results. SIM dose-dependently inhibited FCS-induced DNA synthesis after 24 h of incubation. SIM treatment for 24 h suppressed the mRNA expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B chain, PDGF receptor β-subunit and c-myc, while the expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) was not affected. Concerning matrix protein synthesis, the mRNA expression of type IV collagen was suppressed, whereas that of type III collagen was markedly upregulated. As for matrix turnover proteins, SIM had a markedly suppressive effect on the mRNA expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), with a constant expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Conclusions. These results indicate that SIM may sup-press mesangial cell proliferation in part through the downregulation of PDGF, PDGF-receptor, and c-myc mRNA expressions. In addition, the suppression of the synthesis of collagen IV and PAI-1 appears to be a direct inhibitory effect of SIM on glomerular matrix accumulation. Received: November 13, 2000 / Accepted: December 14, 2000     

血浆同型半胱氨酸对糖尿病肾损伤的影响

目的观察血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与糖尿病肾脏病大鼠肾损伤的关系及替米沙坦对其影响。方法用链佐菌素（STZ）诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,成模18只后随机分为替米沙坦治疗组（A组）和实验对照组（B组）,每组各9只;另设空白对照组（C组）10只。于12周末收集24h尿,测定尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）,并处死大鼠,心脏采血,ELISA法测血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平,生化分析仪测血糖、血肌酐等生化指标。取肾脏称重,免疫组化法测。肾组织中纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）的表达水平。结果①与C组相比,B组肾肥大指数（肾质量／体质量）、UAER显著增加（P〈0．05）,血浆Hcy浓度明显升高（P〈0．01）,肾组织表达PAI-1明显增强（P〈0．05）。②与B组相比,A组血浆Hcy水平明显下降（P〈0．05）,肾组织表达PAI-1显著减少（P〈0．01）,肾肥大指数、UAER显著降低（P〈0．01,P％0．05）。③相关性分析显示,血浆Hcy浓度与肾组织表达PAI-1水平呈显著正相关（r=0．641,P〈0．01）,与UAER呈显著正相关（r=0．684,P〈0．01）。结论血浆Hcy参与糖尿病肾损伤的发生、发展,其机制可能与其引起纤溶系统失衡等因素有关;替米沙坦可通过减少PAI-1表达水平而降低血浆Hcy水平,恢复纤溶系统平衡,降低蛋白尿,保护肾功能。     

少弱精子症和正常生育男性精液中尿激酶及其受体含量的研究

目的:通过研究精子正常和异常男性精浆和精子中尿激酶及受体含量差异,以了解尿激酶及受体与男性生育力的关系。方法:采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定22例正常生育男性和44例少弱精子症男性精浆和精子中尿激酶及受体的含量。结果:①正常男性精浆尿激酶平均含量为(4 803.69±602.78)mU/L,与少弱精子症组[(4 061.35±736.23)mU/L]相比,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。正常生育男性精子尿激酶平均含量为(30.29±3.16)mU/106个精子,与少弱精子症组[(20.51±4.2)mU/106个精子],差异有显著性(P<0.01)。②正常生育男性精子尿激酶受体平均含量为(12.97±3.11)mU/106个精子相比,与少弱精子症组[(6.09±1.45)mU/106个精子]相比,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。③精子和精浆中尿激酶含量和精子活率和活力呈显著正相关。结论:尿激酶和男性生育力相关,少弱精子症和正常生育男性精液中尿激酶及其受体含量存在差异。     

肾病综合征患者血浆中t-PA/PAI-1的变化及糖皮质激素治疗的影响

目的:探讨肾病综合征患者糖皮质激素治疗前后不同阶段组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)与纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PA1-1)的变化.方法:分为健康对照组、肾病综合征组,采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法检测血浆中t-PA和PAI-1水平的变化.结果:t-PA的血浆水平在各组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05);PAI-1的水平在肾病综合征组较正常明显升高(P<0.05),激素治疗1周后进一步升高(P<0.05),治疗4周后比1周组有显著下降(P<0.05),但较正常仍高(P<0.05).结论:t-PA/PAI-1平衡的紊乱,可能参与了肾病综合征的损伤机制,经糖皮质激素治疗后高凝状态短期内无明显改善.     

加味抵挡汤对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质PAI—1表达的影响

目的探讨加味抵挡汤延缓肾间质纤维化的机制。方法将60只大鼠随机分为模型组、加味抵挡汤组、贝那普利组、假手术组、空白组各12只,前3组行单侧输尿管梗阻（UUO）术,术后第14天处死大鼠,留取梗阻侧肾组织行HE染色,观察肾脏病理学变化,并用免疫组化方法测定肾组织纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1（PAI-1）的表达。结果加味抵挡汤能改善肾间质损伤和肾间质纤维化程度,降低肾脏组织致纤维化因子PAI-1表达。结论加味抵挡汤具有延缓肾纤维化的作用。     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活因子在精子趋化运动中的作用

目的:研究尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活因子(uPA)是否能诱导精子产生趋化性运动,从而探讨uPA在治疗男性不育中的可能作用机制。方法:采用精子聚集毛细管内的方法来检测精子趋化性。根据毛细管内自下而上uPA浓度梯度的方向将实验分为递增浓度A组、递减浓度B组和对照C组。A组毛细管内的趋化液以及精子培养皿内的处理液分别是不同浓度的uPA和Ham'sF-10;B组相反,分别为Ham'sF-10和uPA;C组毛细管和精子培养皿内的液体均为Ham'sF-10。然后检测在不同时间点不同组毛细管内聚集的精子密度。结果:①精子顺递增的uPA浓度梯度进行趋化运动。A组毛细管内液体对精子的聚集作用明显大于B组和C组(P<0.05)。②20IU/ml的uPA对精子趋化作用最强。③3组中的精子密度随着时间的延长趋于增加,但在20、30min2个时间点,3组的精子密度之间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。④uPA除了对精子有趋化作用外,还能增加精子活力,促进精子运动。结论:uPA在体外既能诱导精子产生趋化性运动,又能增加精子的活力,推测此为uPA治疗男性不育的作用机制之一。     

尿激酶对糖尿病肾脏病患者血纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1的影响

目的观察尿激酶对糖尿病肾脏病（DKD）患者血纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1（PAI-1）的影响及其临床疗效。方法选择在我院住院的DKD患者88例,其中Ⅲ期43例、Ⅳ期45例。将DKDⅢ、Ⅳ期患者分别分为对照组（DKDⅢ-C组、DKDⅣ—C组）和观察组（DKDⅢ-O组、DKDⅣ—O组）。对照组给予常规降糖、保护肾脏及血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂（ACEI）等药物治疗。观察组在常规治疗的基础上给予尿激酶50000U加入100ml生理盐水中静脉滴注,每天1次,共14d。比较各组24h尿白蛋白量、空腹血糖、血肌酐、D-二聚体和血PAI-1水平。结果DKDⅢ—C组和DKDⅣ—C组治疗前、后24h尿白蛋白量、空腹血糖、血肌酐、D-二聚体和血PAI-1均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。DKDⅢ-O组和DKDⅣ—O组治疗后24h尿白蛋白量和血PAI-1均降低（P〈0．05）,而空腹血糖、血肌酐、D二聚体治疗前、后均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。治疗后,DKDⅢ-O组血PAI-1及24h尿白蛋白下降程度较DKDⅣ—O组明显（P〈0．01）。结论尿激酶可通过降低血PAI-1水平来减少DKD患者尿白蛋白量,对保护肾功能、延缓DKD进展有积极意义,且小剂量应用未增加出血倾向,对DKD是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

PAI－1、t-PA、u—PA、u—PAR在支气管哮喘患者诱导痰中的表达及意义

目的探讨纤维蛋白溶解酶原激活物抑制剂（PAI）－1、组织型纤维蛋白溶解酶原激活物（t—PA）、尿激酶型纤维蛋白溶解酶原激活物（u－PA）及其受体（u－PAR）在支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）患者诱导痰中的表达及意义。方法用ELISA法分别检测29例哮喘急性发作者（发作组）、26例缓解者（缓解组）及15例健康对照者（对照组）诱导痰中PAI－1、t-PA、u—PA和u－PAR的含量,同期测定肺功能（第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比,FEV,％pred）,并进行比较。结果发作组和缓解组诱导痰PAI－1、u—PAR含量[分别为（23．32±2t．64）、（0．766±0．272）μg／L和（17．23±9．40）、（0．700±0．271）μg／L]较对照组[（5．99±5．04）、（O．516±0．197）μg／L3均明显升高（P〈0．05）。而三组诱导痰u—PA、t-PA含量[分别为（O．287±0．235）、（7．68±3．46）μg／L,（0．251±0．276）、（9．88±4．68）μg／L,（0．239±0．322）、（10．35±7．47）μg／L]比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。缓解组诱导痰PAI-1与FEV1 % pred呈负相关（r=-0．756,P〈0．01）。缓解组诱导痰PAI-1与病程呈正相关（r=0．454,P〈0．05）。结论PAI-1、u-PAR参与了哮喘气道慢性炎性反应的病理生理过程。     

Initiation of a fibrinolytic system in hepatic resection: The roles of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

The factors related to the initiation of fibrinolysis, especially with regard to the tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were investigated in 15 patients who underwent hepatic resection, and the findings were compared between those with normal livers and those with diseased livers. It was found that tPA increased before hepatic division, whereas PAI-1 increased after hepatic division and reached a peak immediately following the operation. Plasminogen decreased during hepatectomy, reaching its lowest point on postoperative day 1, and increasing later. Decreased levels of both plasminogen and the ₂-plasmin inhibitor were considered to be partly due to plasmin formation in the blood. Patients with a diseased liver tended to have higher intraoperative values of euglobulin lysis activity and higher postoperative values of plasminogen activator, but significantly lower postoperative values of ₂-plasmin inhibitor than those with a normal liver. The results of this study suggest that activation of the fibrinolytic system occurs both during hepatectomy and in the early postoperative period, and that patients with a diseased liver are prone to develop hyperfibrinolysis during hepatectomy. Moreover, the increased levels of both tPA and PAI-1 can serve as one of the most sensitive markers for the vital reaction against surgical stress.     

Association of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetic nephropathy

Background: We investigated the relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 4G/5G insertion/deletion polymorphism and prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in Chinese patients. Methods: A total of 107 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly recruited in the study, and 102 healthy subjects were selected as Control. Patients were divided into three groups according to their urinary albumin–creatinine ratio (UACR). Group A (n?=?44), had patients without DN (serum creatinine <106?µmol/L and UACR <30?µg/mg); Group B (n?=?30), had patients with micro-albuminuria (UACR 30–299?µg/mg), and Group C (n?=?33), had patients with macro-albuminuria (UACR ≥300?µg/mg and creatinine <200?µmol/L). Plasma level of PAI-1 was measured by ELISA. PAI-1 polymorphism was determined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and DNA sequencing. Results: (1) The plasma PAI-1 levels of group A (60.39?±?17.01?ng/L), group B (68.76?±?17.81?ng/L) and group C and (68.63?±?18.30?ng/L) are higher than that of controls (46.26?±?26.04?ng/L); (2) Patients with genotype 4G/4G tended to exhibit higher PAI-1 level; (3) The distribution frequency of genotype 4G/4G in group C was significantly higher than in group A (42.4% vs. 28.7%, p?Conclusions: (1) Plasma PAI-1 level was elevated in Type 2 diabetic patients; (2) The level of plasma PAI-1 is closely related to PAI-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism and (3) PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism is associated with the development and progression of predominant proteinuria diabetes nephropathy.     

尿激酶及其受体对膀胱癌细胞系侵袭转移影响的体外研究

目的：探讨尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（uPA）及其受体（uPAR）与膀胱癌侵袭转移的关系。方法：对BIU-87、T24及EJ细胞系进行体外培养,夹心抗体ELISA法测定细胞培养上清及细胞溶解产物uPA含量,对培养细胞团块行uPAR免疫组化测定,并进行体外人工基底膜侵袭检测。结果：BIU-87、T24和EJ细胞培养上清uPA检测结果分别为（11．77&#177;3．65）ng／ml、（8．70&#177;2．45）ng／ml、（105．9&#177;8．60）ng／ml,EJ细胞培养上清uPA明显高于BIU87和T24细胞系（P〈0．001）。细胞溶解产物uPA结果分别为（1．15&#177;0．40）ng／ml、（0．78&#177;0．34）ng／ml、（1．92&#177;0．56）ng／ml,EJ细胞溶解产物uPA含量明显高于BIU-87、T24细胞溶解产物（P〈0．02,P〈0．01）。EJ细胞uPAR蛋白主要弥散于细胞质,着色强度与数量明显多于T24细胞（P〈0．01）,而BIU-87细胞基本无着色。EJ细胞具有浸润Matrigel的能力,BIU-87、T24无浸润Matrigel能力。结论：肿瘤细胞有uPA的分泌或来源并同时表达uPAR在体外即具备浸润能力,uPA系统在膀胱肿瘤的浸润转移过程中起重要作用。     

基质金属蛋白酶在糖尿病肾病作用中的研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病及糖尿病肾病患者血清基质金属蛋白酶水平的变化及其相关影响因素.方法 选取2型糖尿病患者94例,其中2型糖尿病无蛋白尿组患者37例;微量蛋白尿组(尿白蛋白/肌酐为30 ～ 300 mg/g)27例;显著蛋白尿组患者(尿白蛋白/肌酐＞300mg/g)30例.健康体检者32名作为对照组.所有检测对象于清晨空腹抽肘静脉血,应用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清基质金属蛋白酶2及血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1.结果 (1)微量蛋白尿组患者血清基质金属蛋白酶2水平为(4.3±4.1)μg/L,显著蛋白尿组患者为(4.6±4.1)μg/L,与正常对照组[2.8±0.4)μg/L]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(2)微量蛋白尿组患者血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1水平为(69±19)μg/L,显著蛋白尿组患者为(69±18)μg/L,与正常对照组[(52±30)μg/L]比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);(3)相关分析结果表明,血清基质金属蛋白酶2与血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1水平无相关(r =0.077,P=0.468);(4)在2型糖尿病患者中血清基质金属蛋白酶2水平与尿素氮、肌酐水平相关(r分别为0.370及0.468,P分别为0.00、0.000),血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1水平与空腹血糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、尿酸呈正相关(r分别为0.196、0.342、-0.167、0.203,P分别为0.004、0.000、0.016、0.003).结论 2型糖尿病合并蛋白尿患者血清基质金属蛋白酶2及血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1水平升高,是2型糖尿病患者合并肾病的危险因素.     

Effect of dextran on plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) during surgery

Dextran is known to increase the plasminogen activation rate in vitro and to decrease the α₂-antiplasmin activity.
We decided to explore the effect of dextran on plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) during surgical trauma.
Thirty-one patients undergoing elective surgery were given 500 ml of 6% dextran 70. Another nine patients serving as controls were given 500 ml of a glucose-electrolyte solution. The activities of t-PA and PAI-1during surgery were determined, as was the concentration of t-PA antigen.
PAI-1activity was decreased by 19% after infusion of 250 ml of dextran. After 500 ml, the activity was reduced by 22% (both P <0.05). The activity of t-PA was increased by 43% and 29% (both P <0.05) and the antigenic amount of t-PA was increased by 18% and 15% (both P <0.05) after infusion of 250 ml and 500 ml of dextran, respectively. No changes in these variables were observed in the control patients.
It is concluded that infusion of dextran promotes fibrinolysis by enhancing plasminogen activation in patients subjected to trauma. Since elevated levels of PAI-1prior to surgery are known to predispose to deep vein thrombosis, which may form already during the operation, the effect of dextran on PAI-1described here may explain its clot preventing properties.     

膀胱移行细胞癌Mta-1表达及与ER、u-PA/PAI-1、MVD的相关性研究

目的 研究膀胱移行细胞癌（BTCC）中转移相关基因（Mta-1）表达，分析其与BTCC临床分期、病理分级、转移及复发的关系，探求其可能的分子作用机制。方法 免疫组化方法检测42例BTCC组织Mta-1、雌激素受体（ER）、尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（u-PA）、Ⅰ型纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（PAI-1）的表达；CD34标记血管内皮细胞，计数肿瘤组织微血管密度（MVD）；分析Mta-1与BTCC的侵袭转移、血管生成及复发间的关系及Mta-1表达与ER、u-PA、PAI-1表达及MVD的相关性。结果 BTCC Mta-1蛋白表达阳性率为73．8％（31／42），正常膀胱组织无一例阳性表达，P〈0．01；Mta-1蛋白表达阳性率随BTCC临床分期及病理分级的升高而增加，肿瘤复发组（100．0％，15／15）高于无复发组（59．3％，16／27），肿瘤转移组（100．0％，14，／14）高于无转移组（60．7％，17／28）（P〈0．05）。BTCC组织中ER表达阳性率随肿瘤临床分期和组织学分级的升高而降低；有转移者14例均无表达（0．0％），28例未转移者中13例有表达（53．6％）（P〈0．05）；复发组15例中仅1例表达（6．7％），未复发组27例中12例表达（44．4％）（P〈0．05）。BTCC中ER与Mta-1蛋白表达呈负相关（r=-0．739，P〈0．01）。BTCC组织和正常膀胱组织中u-PA表达阳性率分别为59．5％（25／42）和16．7％（2／12），BTCC组明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。BTCC中u-PA蛋白表达与Mta-1蛋白表达呈正相关（r=0．875），而与PAI-1蛋白表达呈负相关（r=-0．535）。PAI-1表达阳性率对照组（50．0％，6／12）明显高于BTCC组（19．0％，8／42）（P〈0．05）。PAI-1蛋白表达与Mta-1蛋白表达呈负相关（r=-0．706）。BTCC中MVD与Mta-1蛋白表达呈正相关（r=0．683）。结论 Mta-1在BTCC中高度表达，并随肿瘤临床分期和病理分级的升高而增加，与肿瘤的转移及复发密切相关。Mta-1参与BTCC的侵袭、转移，可能与上调u-PA蛋白、下调PAI-1蛋白的表达，促进血管生成有关。Mta-1在BTCC侵袭和转移中的作用亦与ER的负调节机制有关。     

Low expression of HIV genes in podocytes accelerates the progression of diabetic kidney disease in mice

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Association of a low ankle brachial index with progression to end-stage kidney disease in patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease

IntroductionsThe effect of a low ankle-brachial index (ABI) in patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease is not fully understood. This study investigates the prevalence of a low ABI in patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease, which was defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥300 mg/g and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 15–60 mL/min/1.73 m². Furthermore, the association between a low ABI and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) was determined.MethodsThis single-center, retrospective, cohort study included 529 patients with advanced-stage diabetic kidney disease who were stratified into groups according to the ABI: high (>1.3), normal (0.9–1.3), and low (<0.9). The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional analysis were used to examine the association between the ABI and ESKD.ResultsA total of 42.5% of patients with a low ABI progressed to ESKD. A low ABI was associated with a greater risk of ESKD (hazard ratio (HR): 1.073). After adjusting for traditional chronic kidney disease risk factors, a low ABI remained associated with a greater risk of ESKD (HR: 1.758; 95% confidence interval: 1.243–2.487; p = 0.001).ConclusionsThese results indicate that patients with a low ABI should be monitored carefully. Furthermore, preventive therapy should be considered to improve the long-term kidney survival of patients with residual kidney function.     

尿毒清颗粒对糖尿病大鼠肾脏炎症损伤的影响

目的探讨尿毒清颗粒对糖尿病大鼠肾脏炎症损伤的保护作用。方法选用链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型。实验分3组：正常对照组（N组）、糖尿病未干预组（D组）、尿毒清颗粒治疗组（Q组,2．6g·kg-1·d-1灌胃）,于第4、8周末检测血肌酐（SCr）、尿肌酐（Ucr）,计算肌酐清除率（Ccr）,检测血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）,光镜观察肾组织病理改变,免疫组织化学检测肾组织核因子xB（NF-kB）、单核细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）表达,检测肾皮质MCP-1mRNA表达。结果尿毒清颗粒可以提高糖尿病大鼠Ccr（P〈0．01）,改善肾脏病理损伤,减少血清hs-CRP、肾组织NF-kB、MCP-1表达（P〈0．1）5,P〈0．01）,对血清TNF-α、IL-6影响不显著。结论炎症反应参与糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤,尿毒清颗粒能降低血清及肾脏炎症介质表达,对糖尿病大鼠肾脏炎症损伤起保护作用。     

Leptin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels in children on chronic dialysis

Abstract

Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to compare the serum leptin and PAI-1 levels and evaluate their relationship in children on hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD). Method: Thirty-six patients on HD (mean age: 15.0?±?2.8 years), 19 patients on PD (mean age: 13.0?±?3.5 years) and 15 healthy subjects (mean age: 14.5?±?2.7 years) were included in the study. Laboratory investigations included blood count, biochemical parameters, serum iron, iron binding capacity, parathormone, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein (CRP), prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen, serum leptin and PAI-1 levels. Results: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in HD group than in control group when the effects of BMI and sex were controlled, while PD and control groups had similar leptin levels. PAI-1 levels were also significantly higher in HD group than in control group, while there was no statistically significant difference in PAI-1 levels of PD and control group. PAI-1 levels and leptin levels were significantly correlated, which was independent of the effect of BMI in both HD and PD groups when they are evaluated separately. Conclusion: Results of our study showed that HD patients had higher leptin and PAI-1 levels and leptin and PAI-1 levels were correlated significantly in both patient groups. The effect of elevated serum leptin and PAI-1 levels on the cardiovascular complications remains to be established.