白藜芦醇诱导人乳腺癌MDA-MB231细胞凋亡及自噬

目的探讨白藜芦醇(resveratrol,Res)诱导人乳腺癌MDA-MB231细胞凋亡及自噬蛋白表达的作用与机制。方法以人乳腺癌MDA-MB231细胞为研究对象,MTT法检测Res(0、1、5、10、20、50、100、200 mg·L~(-1))抑制MDA-MB231细胞增殖情况; Res(0、5、20、60 mg·L~(-1))处理MDA-MB231细胞,划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力,Annexin V/PI双染法检测细胞早期凋亡率,免疫荧光法检测细胞LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ的表达;Res(0、20、60 mg·L~(-1))处理MDA-MB231细胞,蛋白免疫印迹法检测细胞中自噬相关蛋白p62及Beclin-1的表达。结果Res在体外可明显抑制MDA-MB231细胞增殖,且呈浓度依赖关系。随着Res浓度的增高,乳腺癌细胞迁移能力较对照组分别下降了(8. 7±1. 1)%、(16. 5±2. 9)%和(32. 2±3. 6)%。流式细胞仪检测结果表明,早期凋亡细胞数增加;激光共聚焦检查显示,细胞质中LC3Ⅰ/Ⅱ绿色荧光增加;蛋白免疫印迹法检测出MDA-MB231细胞p62蛋白表达下降,Beclin-1蛋白表达升高。结论 Res可抑制人乳腺癌MDA-MB231细胞增殖,其机制可能与Res诱导细胞凋亡和自噬有关。     

Tamoxifen and epigallocatechin gallate are synergistically cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells

High concentrations of specific catechins [epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), epigallocatechin (EGC) and epicatechin gallate (ECG)] inhibit the proliferation of many different cancer cell lines. The aim of this work was to determine if low concentrations of catechins with and without 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) co-treatment would cause significant cytotoxicity in estrogen receptor-positive (ERalpha+) and -negative (ERalpha-) human breast cancer cells. Therefore, MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231 and HS578T cells were incubated with EGCG, EGC or ECG (5-25 microM) individually and in combination with 4-OHT for 7 days. Cell number was determined by the sulforhodamine B cell proliferation assay. As single agents, none of the catechins were cytotoxic to T47D cells, while only EGCG (20 microM) elicited cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. Additionally, no benefit was gained by combination treatment with 4-OHT. ERalpha- human breast cancer cells were more susceptible as all three catechins were significantly cytotoxic to HS578T cells at concentrations of 10 microM. In this cell line, combination with 4-OHT did not increase cytotoxicity. However, the most striking results were produced in MDA-MB-231 cells. In this cell line, EGCG (25 microM) produced a greater cytotoxic effect than 4-OHT (1 microM) and the combination of the two resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity. In conclusion, low concentrations of catechins are cytotoxic to ERalpha- human breast cancer cells, and the combination of EGCG and 4-OHT elicits synergistic cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells.     

Proline analogue of melphalan as a prodrug susceptible to the action of prolidase in breast cancer MDA-MB 231 cells

Proline analogue of melphalan (Mel-pro) was synthesized as a prodrug susceptible to the action of ubiquitously distributed, cytosolic imidodipeptidase-prolidase [E.C.3.4.13.9]. Conjugation of melphalan (Mel) with proline (Pro) through imido-bond resulted in formation of a good substrate for prolidase. Cytosolic location of prolidase in neoplastic cell suggests that proline analogue of melphalan (Mel-pro) may serve as a prolidase convertible prodrug. We have compared several aspects of pharmacologic actions of Mel and Mel-pro in estrogen-independent breast cancer MDA-MB 231 cells. It has been found that Mel-pro is more effectively transported into the MDA-MB 231 cells, evokes higher cytotoxicity, similar inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis, lower inhibitory effect on collagen biosynthesis and reduces IGF-I receptor and MAPkinase expression in MDA-MB 231 cells, compared to Mel. The results suggest that targeting of prolidase as a Mel-pro-converting enzyme may serve as a potential strategy in pharmacotherapy of breast cancer.     

Evaluation of chemopreventive and cytotoxic effect of lemon seed extracts on human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells

Extracts from lemon seed were investigated for the radical scavenging activity and apoptotic effects in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells and non-malignant breast (MCF-12F) cells for the first time. Defatted seed powder was successively extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), acetone, methanol (MeOH), and MeOH:water (80:20). The chemical constituents were identified and quantified by LC-MS and HPLC analysis, respectively. The highest radical scavenging activity of 62.2% and 91.3% was exhibited by MeOH:water (80:20) at 833μg/mL in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS(+)), respectively. In addition, the MeOH:water (80:20) extract showed the highest (29.1%, P<0.01) inhibition of MCF-7 cells in MTT assay. Treatment of the MeOH:water (80:20) extract induced DNA fragmentation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Increased levels of Bax and cytosolic cytochrome C and decreased levels of Bcl2 were also observed in MeOH:water (80:20) treated MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, the MeOH:water (80:20) extract from lemon seed has potent antioxidant activity and induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, leading to the inhibition of proliferation. These results suggest that aglycones and glucosides of the limonoids and flavonoid present in MeOH:water (80:20) extract may potentially serve as a chemopreventive agent for breast cancer.     

三氧化二砷及顺铂对乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用

目的 了解三氧化二砷(As2O3)、顺铂(DDP)单独及联合应用对人乳腺癌裸鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用. 方法 建立裸鼠人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞移植瘤动物模型,成瘤后动物随机分为4组,每组4只:(1)阴性对照组,(2)As2O3组,(3)DDP组,(4)As2O3 DDP组.疗程结束后,观察3 d,处死裸鼠.治疗期间观察并记录各组裸鼠移植瘤的生长情况及肿瘤体积和裸鼠体重的变化,计算肿瘤生长抑制率,用流式细胞仪法、透射电镜观察体内瘤体的细胞凋亡情况. 结果 As2O3组、DDP组和As2O3 DDP组治疗后肿瘤体积减少,与对照组相比,差异均有显著性(P＜0.01);与As2O3及DDP组单独用药组比较,As2O3 DDP联合用药组肿瘤体积明显减少(P＜0.01),抑瘤率明显增高(P＜0.01);而阴性对照组肿瘤体积增加.各组裸鼠体重无明显变化.As2O3 DDP联合用药组细胞凋亡率为36.9%,明显高于其他2组,差异有显著性(P＜0.01). 结论 As2O3与DDP联合用药比2药单独应用抑制肿瘤生长的作用更强,二者具有协同抗癌作用.     

Micro PET/CT显像评价裸鼠MDA-MB231乳腺癌乏氧与增殖状态的研究

目的 探讨18F-FMISO、18F-FDG micro PET/CT显像评价裸鼠MDA-MB231乳腺癌移植瘤中肿瘤乏氧与增殖状态的可行性。方法 16只裸鼠MDA-MB231乳腺癌移植瘤模型先后进行18F-FDG及18F-FMISO PET/CT显像并采集肿瘤最大标准化摄取值[SUVmax （FDG）、SUVmax （FMISO）],所有模型显像结束后立即处死,取肿瘤组织行HIF-1α及Ki67免疫组织化学染色,将SUVmax值与HIF-1α、Ki67的表达水平进行相关性分析。结果 18F-FMISO平均SUVmax值1.69,18F-FDG平均SUVmax值5.80。SUVmax （FMISO）与HIF-1α、Ki67的表达均呈正相关性（r=0.74、0.52,P<0.05）。SUVmax （FDG）与Ki67的表达呈正相关性（r=0.86,P<0.05）,与HIF-1α表达无相关性。HIF-1α与Ki67蛋白的表达呈正相关性（r=0.60,P<0.05）。结论 18F-FMISO PET/CT显像可同时对活体肿瘤进行乏氧及增殖的可视化监测,18F-FDG可提供有效的肿瘤增殖显像,但不能作为有效的肿瘤乏氧显像剂。     

Inhibitory effect of an isopropanolic extract of black cohosh on the invasiveness of MDA-mB 231 human breast cancer cells

BACKGROUND: The isopropanolic extract of black cohosh (iCR)b has recently been reported to exert antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects on estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7, as well as estrogen receptor-negative MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells. To broaden observations, the anti-invasive effects of iCR and its two major fractions triterpene glycosides (TTG) and cinnamic acid esters (CAE) were tested in highly invasive MDA-MB 231 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of drugs upon the invasive potential of MDA-MB231 cells was studied in BD Biocoat Matrigel invasion chambers over a period of 24 h. RESULTS: The suppression of invasion reached 51.8% at 77.4 microg/ml of iCR, an extract concentration where 89% of MDA-MB231 cells were viable. TTG and CAE reduced cell invasion by 34% and 25.5%, respectively, at a dose of 5 microg/ml. The motility of cells was only moderately reduced. CONCLUSION: In this study iCR was found to suppress tumor cell invasion without affecting cell viability. This result together with the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effect of iCR suggest its use as a secure agent in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy with additional chemopreventive activity.     

Bufadienolides from the Bufo viridis toad venom exert cytotoxic effects on cancer cells by inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest

A series of bufadienolides were isolated from the Bufo viridis toad venom, and their cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines (HeLa, HT-29, MCF7) and a non-cancer cell line (L-O2) were explored using the MTT assay in vitro. All of nine compounds exhibited cytotoxic activities against the three cancer cell lines, with compound D4 exhibiting potent cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells and was better than positive control. Herein, we further evaluated the effect of compound D4 on HeLa cells. The results revealed that compound D4 has excellent cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells by inhibiting cell colony formation and migration, promoting cell apoptosis, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and arresting of HeLa cells in S and G2/M phases. These findings encourage further work on the chemistry and bioactivity of the Bufo viridis toad venom.     

Novel 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives exert potent anti‐cervical cancer effects by modulating Bax,Bcl2 and Caspases expression

This study aimed to develop novel 1,3,5‐triazine derivatives as potent anti‐cervical cancer agents. The compounds were synthesized in short steps with an excellent yield and characterized via various spectroscopic and analytical methods. A structure–activity relationship study suggested that electron‐withdrawing substituents showed greater anticancer activity than electron‐donating groups. Compound 7p (p‐fluoro) showed the highest activity against cervical cancer cells. In a nude mouse xenograft model inoculated with HeLa cells, 7p showed dose‐dependent inhibition of cervical tumour growth. Histopathological examination of excised tumour‐bearing tissues showed that 7p improved the microstructure in a dose‐dependent manner. Compound 7p also increased the proportions of HeLa cells in G0/G1 and S‐phase and significantly decreased that of G2/M‐phase. The effects of 7p on C‐caspase‐3, C‐caspase‐9, Bcl‐2 and Bax expression in HeLa cells were also determined.     

硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖对C_3H小鼠乳腺癌移植瘤的抑制作用及其机制

目的观察硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖(HSPG)对C3H小鼠乳腺癌移植瘤的抑制作用及其机制。方法建立肿瘤模型并随机分为5组:生理盐水组、HSPG组(5、10、50mg.kg-1)及阳性对照组,各组动物自模型建立d2开始腹腔注射给药治疗22d并观察记录肿瘤体积。d24处死动物,称量肿瘤重量,计算胸腺指数及脾指数,使用原位凋亡检测法(TUNEL)检测HSPG对肿瘤细胞凋亡的影响,免疫组化检测血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达。结果HSPG可明显抑制肿瘤生长,而不降低胸腺指数和脾指数。TUNEL结果HSPG组肿瘤组织中出现大量蓝黑色凋亡细胞,且明显多于生理盐水组,HSPG组肿瘤组织的VEGF的表达明显降低。结论HSPG对C3H小鼠移植性乳腺癌生长具有明显的抑制作用,其机制可能与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡及抑制VEGF表达有关。     

Antitumor effects of berberine against EGFR,ERK1/2, P38 and AKT in MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells using molecular modelling and in vitro study

Background

Berberine is an alkaloid plant-based DNA intercalator that affects gene regulation, particularly expression of oncogenic and tumor suppressor proteins. The effects of berberine on different signaling proteins remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to identify the effects of berberine against key oncogenic proteins in breast cancer cells.

三七总皂苷调控巨噬细胞对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231侵袭迁移影响

目的:探讨三七总皂苷(Panax notoginseng saponins, PNS)通过调控巨噬细胞对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231侵袭迁移的影响。方法:培养MDA-MB-231和Raw264.7细胞,给予不同浓度PNS,采用MTT与流式细胞术(Flow Cytometry, FCM)分别检测不同浓度PNS对MDA-MB-231与巨噬细胞Raw264.7增殖与凋亡的影响;划痕实验检测不同浓度PNS处理的Raw264.7细胞的条件培养基对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231迁移的影响;Transwell实验检测不同浓度PNS与巨噬细胞共同作用对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231侵袭的影响;ELISA与流式细胞术检测不同浓度PNS对巨噬细胞相关细胞因子分泌及蛋白表达的影响。结果:PNS可以剂量依赖性地抑制MDA-MB-231与Raw264.7细胞的增殖,高浓度PNS溶液可以显著增加细胞凋亡;低浓度(20,50μg·mL^-1)PNS巨噬细胞条件培养基可以抑制MDA-MB-231的迁移;低浓度(20,50μg·mL^-1)PNS与巨噬细胞共培养可以明显抑制MD...     

黄连碱对人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞周期和增殖的作用及其机制

目的 探讨黄连碱对人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB231细胞周期和增殖的作用及相关机制.方法 MTT法和瑞-姬氏染色法分别检测黄连碱对MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布,RT-PCR检测细胞周期相关基因包括细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶4(CDK4)、CDK6、p21及p27mRNA的表达变化.结果 黄连碱可明显抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖;黄连碱处理细胞后G0/G1期细胞比例减少,而S期和G2/M期细胞比例增高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);黄连碱可上调p21 mRNA的表达、下调CDK4 mRNA和CDK6 mRNA的表达(P＜0.01),而对p27 mRNA水平无显著影响.结论 黄连碱在体外能通过诱导S期及G2/M期周期阻滞来抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖;其机制可能与p21mRNA表达上调导致CDK4 mRNA及CDK6 mRNA减少有关.     

环九肽与人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞特异性结合的研究

目的探讨99Tc^m标记分子探针与人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞的特异结合及生物分布。方法：Westernblot分析MDA-MB-231细胞和正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A IL-11受体（IL-11R）蛋白的表达;荧光检测99Tc^m-DTPA-c（CG-RRAGGSC）与乳腺癌细胞的特异性结合及结合位点。18只荷瘤裸鼠随机分为6组（挖-3）,经尾静脉注入0．74MBq（0．1mL）分子探针,不同时间测量其在荷瘤鼠体内生物分布。结果：West-ernblot检测MDA-M13-231细胞IL-11R是MCF-10A细胞的6．7倍;荧光染色证实99Tc^m-DTPA-c（CGRRAGGSC）-FITC特异结合在MDA-MB-231细胞的胞质和胞膜中;乳腺癌细胞IL-11R结合分子探针具饱和性;分子探针在荷瘤鼠体内迅速、持续聚集在瘤体内,4h达峰值（17．63±1．73）％ID／g,其他脏器分布极少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：MDA-MB-231细胞呈IL-11R高表达,与环九肽具有高亲和力,99Tc^m标记环九肽放射性分子探针体内外能与之靶向特异结合。     

Naphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione disrupts Janus kinase-2 and induces apoptosis in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells

Naphtho[1,2-b]furan-4,5-dione (NFD), prepared from 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and chloroacetaldehyde in an efficient one-pot reaction, exhibits an anti-carcinogenic effect. NFD-induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, as indicated by the accumulation of sub-G1 population, externalization of phosphatidylserine, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) with subsequent release of cytochrome c, and activation of both capase-9 and caspase-3. This correlated with up-regulation in Bax and Bad, and down-regulation of various anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Bcl-X_L, Mcl-1, and survivin in NFD-treated cells. In the analysis of signal transduction pathway, NFD suppressed the phosphorylation of JAK2 in MDA-MB-231 cells without altering the expression of JAK2 protein. Activation of STAT3, Src, and PI3K/Akt were also inhibited by NFD. Moreover, the JAK2 inhibitor AG490 blocked JAK2, STAT3, Src, PI3K, and Akt activation, whereas both Src inhibitor PP2 and PI3K inhibitor wortmannin did not affect JAK2 activation. This suggests that STAT3, Src, and PI3K/Akt are downstream molecules of the JAK2 signaling pathway. AG490 treatment also mimics the cytotoxic effects of NFD. Taken together, these results indicate that NFD disrupts JAK2 pathway and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells.     

Genotoxic,cytotoxic, and apoptotic effects of Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. on breast cancer cells

The aim of this study is to determine the chemical composition, and evaluate the genotoxic, and anti‐growth potency of the methanol extracts of lichen species Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. (HPE). Anti‐growth effect was tested in two different human breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231) by the MTT and ATP viability assays and apoptosis was assayed by the caspase‐cleaved cytokeratin 18 (M30‐antigen). Genotoxic activity of HPE was studied using chromosome aberration and micronuclei tests in human lymphocytes culture in vitro. The chemical composition of H. physodes was analyzed by using direct thermal desorption method coupled with comprehensive gas chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry (GCXGC‐TOF/MS). Our results indicate that HPE has an anti‐growth effect at relatively lower concentrations, while relatively higher concentrations are required for genotoxic activity. HPE, therefore, seems to represent a therapeutic potential and poses new challenges for medicinal chemistry. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 804–813, 2014.     

Curcumin-induced antitumor effects on triple-negative breast cancer patient-derived xenograft tumor mice through inhibiting salt-induced kinase-3 protein

This study demonstrated for the first time that curcumin effectively inhibits the growth of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors by inhibiting the expression of salt-induced kinase-3 (SIK3) protein in patient-derived xenografted tumor mice (TNBC-PDX). For TNBC patients, chemotherapy is the only option for postoperative adjuvant treatment. In this study, we detected the SIK3 mRNA expression in paired-breast cancer tissues by qPCR analysis. The results revealed that SIK3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues when compared to the normal adjacent tissues (73.25 times, n = 183). Thus, it is proposed for the first time that the antitumor effect induced by curcumin by targeting SIK3 can be used as a novel strategy for the therapy of TNBC tumors. In vitro mechanism studies have shown that curcumin (>25 μM) inhibits the SIK3-mediated cyclin D upregulation, thereby inhibiting the G1/S cell cycle and arresting TNBC (MDA-MB-231) cancer cell growth. The SIK3 overexpression was associated with increased mesenchymal markers (i.e., Vimentin, α-SMA, MMP3, and Twist) during epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our results demonstrated that curcumin inhibits the SIK3-mediated EMT, effectively attenuating the tumor migration. For clinical indications, dietary nutrients (such as curcumin) as an adjuvant to chemotherapy should be helpful to TNBC patients because the current trend is to shrink the tumor with preoperative chemotherapy and then perform surgery. In addition, from the perspective of chemoprevention, curcumin has excellent clinical application value.     

Antimetastatic effects of Eclipta prostrata extract on oral cancer cells

Eclipta prostrata, a traditional Chinese medication, has been used for the treatment of several diseases. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of Eclipta prostrata extracts (EPE) on human oral cancer cell metastasis remains unclear. We thus examined the effects of EPE on metastasis promoting proteins in oral cancer. Our results revealed that the EPE attenuated SCC‐9, HSC‐3, and TW2.6 cell migration and invasiveness by reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 enzyme activities. In addition, Western blot analysis revealed that EPE significantly reduced the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) but not those of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 and p38. In conclusion, we found that EPE could inhibit oral cancer metastasis through the inhibition of MMP‐2 expression. Therefore, EPE may be used to prevent the metastasis of oral cancer, and has the potential to be applied to cancer treatment.     

瑞香素对三阴性乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的抑制作用及其机制研究

目的 探讨瑞香素对三阴性乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的增殖、迁移及侵袭的抑制作用及其潜在机制。方法 体外培养MDA-MB-231细胞,随机分为对照组和瑞香素10,20,40 μg·mL^–1组。以MTT法检测细胞的增殖情况;通过克隆形成试验检测各组MDA-MB-231细胞克隆形成情况;划痕试验及Transwell观测细胞迁移和侵袭情况;Western blotting检测Vimentin、MMP9、Cyclin D1、CDK4蛋白表达量。结果 与对照组相比,瑞香素组（10,20,40 μg·mL^–1）显著抑制细胞增殖（P<0.05或P<0.01）;瑞香素组（10,20,40 μg·mL^–1）可以抑制人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的克隆形成（P<0.01）;瑞香素组（20,40 μg·mL^–1）细胞的迁移能力和侵袭能力显著下降（P<0.01）;瑞香素组（20,40 μg·mL^–1）细胞Vimentin、MMP9、Cyclin D1、CDK4蛋白表达量显著降低（P<0.01）。结论 瑞香素可以抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力,其作用机制可能与下调Vimentin、MMP9、Cyclin D1、CDK4的表达有关。     

延龄草总皂苷抑制乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231转移的作用及机制研究

目的观察延龄草总皂苷对乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231侵袭与迁移的影响及相关机制。方法培养乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231,加入延龄草总皂苷(1.5、3 mg·L~(-1))24 h后,采用细胞侵袭实验、划痕实验观察延龄草总皂苷对MDA-MB-231细胞侵袭与迁移的影响,以Western blot方法检测细胞中MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白的表达。结果延龄草总皂苷能够有效地抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭与迁移,降低MMP-2与MMP-9的蛋白表达并呈现浓度依赖性。结论延龄草总皂苷能够有效地抑制乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231侵袭与迁移,其可能机制与降低MMP-2、MMP-9的表达水平有关。