Design: Data collected during one year prospective non-randomised study using hospital records.
Setting: Single tertiary care centre.
Subjects: 3 patients in one year period. 相似文献
Objectives: To determine: (1) If depressive symptoms predict mortality; (2) If there is a gradient in this effect; and (3) Which depressive factors predict mortality.
Population: In 1991–1992, 1751 community-dwelling older persons, sampled from a population-based registry, were interviewed.
Measures: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression (CES-D), age, gender, the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, self-rated health, and functional status.
Outcome measure: Time to death.
Analysis: Those scoring 16+ on the CES-D were considered depressed. To determine if a gradient was present, the CES-D was treated as a continuous variable. Four depressive factors from the CES-D (depressed affect, positive affect, somatic, and interpersonal) were analyzed. Cox regression models were constructed.
Results: The mortality in those with depressive symptoms was higher in those without depressive symptoms (Hazard Ratio of 1.71, p < 0.001, Log rank test). In multivariable models, this association was no longer significant after accounting for self-rated health and functional status. There was a gradient in risk of mortality across the range of the CES-D. Somatic factors, depressed affect, and positive affect were all associated with mortality in bivariate analyses, but not in multivariable models adjusting for functional status. Interpersonal factors were not associated with mortality.
Conclusions: Depressive symptoms predict mortality in older persons. 相似文献
Aims: The goal of the present study was to use the questionnaire in a doctoral study.
Methods: We studied all the instructions provided by the WHO.
Results: In the Danish version of the WHOQOL-BREF there is a discrepancy between the negatively phrased question 9 and both the syntax file and the verbal instructions for coding the data provided by the WHO.
Conclusions: This is a notification of possible error interpretations in projects that use the questionnaire. This could be corrected by manual correction in the coding process or by changing the negatively phrased question 9. 相似文献
Methods: Participants included 22 mothers with a young child with DS compared to 22 mothers of chronologically age-matched typically developing (TD) children using a cross-sectional design. The dyads participated in videotaped structured activities that were coded for responsive and directive behaviors.
Results: Results indicated that the mothers of children with DS used a more facilitative style with the older children while these behaviors decreased with older children with TD; one directive behavior, request for behavioral comply, increased with the older children with DS.
Conclusion: The mothers of children with DS adapted their parenting style to be facilitative of their children's linguistic development. 相似文献
Aims: To investigate potential mechanisms underlying semantic jargon.
Methods & Procedures: We describe a patient who presented with semantic jargon after a left thalamic hemorrhage that mainly affected the pulvinar, lateral posterior nucleus, centromedian nucleus, and reticular nucleus. She was followed for 8 years, during which the temporal changes in her linguistic and neuropsychological functions were investigated.
Outcomes & Results: The patient’s semantic jargon disappeared and selective attention improved in parallel. Word-finding deficits remained at the end of the observation period.
Conclusions: Our observations of this patient suggest that a thalamic lesion can cause attentional and linguistic dysfunction that does not activate an intended word and its images and, conversely, fails to inactivate non-relevant words and associated images, resulting in semantic jargon. 相似文献
Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcome in operated patient of posterior dynamic stabilization.
Design: Data were collected over 1 year in prospective, nonrandomized follow-up study using outcome scales.
Setting: Single surgeon, tertiary care centre in Mumbai, India.
Described here is the operative technique of posterior dynamic stabilization using CoFlexTM and clinical outcome of 67 consecutive patients using Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Score. 相似文献
Method The mothers completed the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Grandparents Functional Support Assessment, Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory.
Results Both groups were found to be similar in their perception of family cohesion and emotional support. However, mothers of adolescents with a developmental disability reported higher rates of both adaptability to change and personal growth. Moreover, associations were found between family cohesion and adaptability to change and support, and between adaptability to change and social support and personal growth.
Conclusion Druze mothers of adolescents with developmental disability reveal important information regarding positive coping strategies. 相似文献
Methods: Two pairs of siblings with FTDP-17 were longitudinally examined for agraphia in relation to language and cognitive deficits.
Results: All patients presented with dysexecutive agraphia. In addition, in the first pair of siblings one sibling demonstrated spatial agraphia with less pronounced allographic agraphia and the other sibling had aphasic agraphia. Aphasic agraphia was also present in one sibling from the second pair.
Conclusion: Agraphia associated with FTDP-17 is very heterogeneous. 相似文献
Methods: The exact pathophysiology is still not fully understood and occipital neuralgia often develops spontaneously. There are no specific guidelines for evaluation of patients with occipital neuralgia.
Result: Cervical spine, spinal cord and posterior neck muscle lesions can induce occipital neuralgia. Brain and spine imaging may be necessary in some cases, according to the nature of the headache or response to treatment.
Discussion: We report a case of cervical myelitis presenting as occipital neuralgia. 相似文献
Method The EPS was completed by 128 families enrolled in a support program for children with disability in childcare centres.
Results Confirmatory factor analysis failed to affirm the original factor structure of the EPS. Subsequent exploratory factor analysis suggested an alternative 3-factor structure (Comfort and Reciprocity, Autonomy, and Support). Internal consistency of these factors was acceptable to high.
Conclusions The EPS is a potentially useful instrument to evaluate service practices that may be related to family empowerment, but further examination of its psychometric characteristics is suggested. 相似文献
Methods: Recordings from 175 antipsychotic medication-monitoring appointments between veterans with psychiatric disorders and their prescribers were coded using the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) for communication behavioral patterns.
Results: The frequency of prescriber communication behaviors (i.e., facilitation, rapport, procedural, psychosocial, biomedical, and total utterances) did not reliably predict consumer satisfaction. The ratio of prescriber to consumer utterances did predict consumer satisfaction.
Conclusions: Consistent with client-centered care theory, antipsychotic medication consumers were more satisfied with their encounters when their prescriber did not dominate the conversation.
Practice implications: Therefore, one potential recommendation from these findings could be for medication prescribers to spend more of their time listening to, rather than speaking with, their SMI consumers. 相似文献
Method: A cross-sectional design was used. Caregivers had a family member with possible/probable AD, resided at home with the care recipient and provided the majority of care (N?=?82). The mail-administered assessment included the CAB-SR and other care recipient and caregiver measures.
Results: Preliminary CAB-SR reliability and validity were determined using reliability, factor analytic and correlational procedures.
Conclusion: This measure provides a preliminary assessment of caregiver skill in managing behavioral symptoms of AD and shows promise for use in research and clinical intervention settings. 相似文献
Material and methods: Clinically, it exhibits wide phenotypic variability. Presentation as isolated dystonia is exceptional.
Results: Here, the case of a woman with writers cramp without ataxia is presented as a paucisymptomatic manifestation of this disease.
Conclusions: This association has not been described to date and extends the clinical variability of the disease. 相似文献
Objectives: The objective of the study was to critically examine, through the lens of transcultural psychiatry, all the currently available epidemiological studies and needs assessments relevant to school-based mental health programmes in Nigeria.
Methods: The study was a systematic review of relevant studies available from MEDLINE, Science Direct, PsychInfo, Google Scholar, and AJOL databases.
Results: This review shows that there is an ongoing effort at documenting the burden of mental health problems and risks, resource needs, and the available resource and capacity for school-based mental health programmes in Nigeria. However, generally speaking these epidemiological data and needs assessments are significantly limited in epistemological philosophy and cultural contextualisation. This was evidenced by a preponderance of non-representative data, quantitative assessments, and decontextualised interpretation of results and conclusions.
Conclusions: Going forward, recommendations are offered for culturally-nuanced epidemiology and the direction is set for context-appropriate needs assessments for school-based mental health programmes in Nigeria. 相似文献
Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability, validity, and latent factor structure of an ethnographically-grounded assessment instrument for detecting common mental health complaints among rural Kenyan children and adolescents.
Methods: The Ndetei–Othieno–Kathuku Scale (NOK) was delivered to 2 282 children aged 10 to 18 years old. Exploratory factor analysis identified four latent factors. This structure was confirmed in subsequent confirmatory factor analyses. External validity was explored by investigating associations among NOK factors and Youth Self-Report DSM-oriented scales.
Results: Findings suggest the NOK possesses good internal reliability and a four-factor latent structure corresponding to depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, and a mixed factor. Significant associations ranging from small to medium effect sizes were noted between NOK factors and YSR DSM-oriented scales.
Conclusions: Exploratory findings suggest that the NOK possesses adequate psychometric properties among this population. This ethnographically-grounded instrument may be uniquely suited to screening for mental health complaints among Kenyan children and adolescents. 相似文献
Objectives: The effect of lactic acidosis on neurological development in the first year of life.
Materials and Methods: Our study included 50 newborns with perinatal hypoxia requiring oxygen therapy and 50 healthy newborns. pH, pCO2, pO2, base excess (BE) and lactates from arterialized capillary blood were determined in both groups of newborns, in the first and second hours after birth, and neurological development in the first year of life was estimated.
Results: pH, pCO2, pO2, BE and lactates differed significantly between the groups in the first and second hours after birth p < 0.01. Hypotonia was recorded in 20/50 cases and hypertonia was recorded in 10/50 cases in the first year of life.
Conclusion: Lactate concentration may be an indicator of neurological damage in neonates with perinatal hypoxia. 相似文献
Methods: We reviewed the literature pertaining to hand function and stereotypies in Rett syndrome and developed a toolkit for their assessment and treatment.
Results: There is little published information on management of hand function in Rett syndrome. We suggest assessment and treatment strategies based on available literature, clinical experience and grounded in theories of motor control and motor learning.
Conclusion: Additional studies are needed to determine the best treatments for hand function in Rett syndrome. Meanwhile, clinical needs can be addressed by supplementing the evidence base with an understanding of the complexities of Rett syndrome, clinical experience, environmental enrichment animal studies and theories of motor control and motor learning. 相似文献
Method Twelve mothers participated in focus groups, which were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used, then researchers examined for spontaneous reporting of DSM-5-defined traumatic stressors and trauma symptomatology.
Results Forty percent of mothers experienced traumatic stressors and trauma-related symptomatology. Sixty percent of mothers did not report traumatic stressors but reported trauma-related symptomatology regardless.
Conclusions The use of a traumatic stress framework to conceptualise some parenting experiences was supported. This finding has important implications for the development of interventions to prevent or reduce stress. 相似文献