A lignan complex isolated from flaxseed does not affect plasma lipid concentrations or antioxidant capacity in healthy postmenopausal women

A lignan complex rich in the plant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) was isolated from flaxseed. SDG is metabolized by the colonic microflora to the mammalian lignans enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), and was hypothesized to reduce plasma lipid concentrations and improve antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a lignan complex, providing 500 mg/d of SDG, on serum concentration and urinary excretion of ENL, plasma lipids, serum lipoprotein oxidation resistance, and markers of antioxidant capacity. Healthy postmenopausal women (n = 22) completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Women consumed daily a low-fat muffin, with or without a lignan complex, for 6 wk, separated by a 6-wk washout period. Serum ENL concentration, urinary ENL excretion, plasma concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triacylglycerol (TAG), serum lipoprotein oxidation lag time, plasma Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were measured at the beginning and end of each intervention period. ENL concentrations in serum (P < 0.001) and ENL urinary excretion (P < 0.001) were significantly higher after the lignan complex intervention period compared with placebo. Plasma concentrations of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TAG, lipoprotein oxidation lag time, TEAC and FRAP were not affected. Daily consumption for 6 wk of a low-fat muffin enriched with a lignan complex significantly increased serum ENL concentrations and urinary ENL excretion in healthy postmenopausal women, but had no effect on plasma lipid concentrations, serum lipoprotein oxidation resistance, or plasma antioxidant capacity.     

Effect of sesame seed on lipid profile and redox status in hyperlipidemic patients

Pre-clinical studies suggest that sesame and its lignans induce beneficial changes in risk factors related to cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to investigate the effects of sesame on reducing serum lipids and enhancing antioxidant capacity in 38 hyperlipidemic patients who were divided into two groups randomly. For all individuals along the 60 days of study period, the same drug treatments were considered. Intervention group patients were supposed to eat 40?g white sesame seeds daily, and instead of these calories, 240?kcal was removed from their diet. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. We assessed lipid profile and oxidative stress indicators such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) before and after the intervention. Significant differences among and between the groups were determined by independent t-test and paired sample t-test using 13th version of statistical package for the social sciences. The results showed that the diet with sesame significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and TC/HDL-C ratio. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) decreased while the activities of GPX and SOD were increased. There were no significant changes in anthropometric indexes such as weight and BMI after consumption of sesame. The results suggested that sesame seed supplementation decreased serum TC, LDL-C and lipid peroxidation, and increased antioxidant status in hyperlipidemic patients.     

Consumption of soymilk lowers atherogenic lipid fraction in healthy individuals

The effect of soy-based products on lipid profile has not been well established. Whereas some investigators have reported that soy is hypocholesterolemic, others could only demonstrate this in hypercholesterolemic subjects, while a few have not found any marked association between soy and cholesterol levels. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the effect of soymilk on lipid and lipoprotein profile of normocholesterolemic, apparently healthy Nigerian Africans. Five hundred milliliters of soymilk preparation was consumed daily by 42 apparently healthy young to middle-aged subjects for a period of 21 days. Forty-two other volunteers with similar characteristics, who did not drink the soymilk over this time frame, were randomly selected as controls. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were determined twice by standard spectrophotometric methods (at the initial visit and after 3 weeks). Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated from the TC, TG, and HDL-C concentrations. After 21 days, regulated soymilk consumption significantly reduced mean plasma TC by 11% and LDL-C by 25% (P?相似文献   

Daily consumption of apple,pear and orange juice differently affects plasma lipids and antioxidant capacity of smoking and non-smoking adults

Abstract

Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between a fruit and vegetable-rich diet and cardiovascular diseases; this beneficial effect of fruits and vegetables is probably due to the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals. In contrast, cigarette smoking is a high risk factor for lung and heart diseases, associated with chronic oxidative stress. In the present study, the effect of the consumption of a pear, an apple and 200 ml orange juice, during 26 days, on total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid profile of chronic smokers and non-smoking healthy adults was analyzed. Fruit consumption increased TAC in non-smokers, but not in smokers. In non-smokers, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased significantly; while in smokers, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased. We may conclude fruit/juice supplementation showed different effects, depending on the smoking habit: in non-smokers it increased TAC and cholesterol; in smokers it reduced cholesterol, whithout inducing a TAC increase.     

Effect of consumption of tomato juice enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the lipid profile, antioxidant biomarker status, and cardiovascular disease risk in healthy women

Purpose

We compared the effects of consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-enriched tomato juice versus plain tomato juice on the serum lipid profile and levels of biomarkers related to antioxidant status and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in women.

Methods

Eighteen healthy women participated in a 2-week intervention trial involving the daily intake of 500?mL of n-3 PUFA-enriched juice (n?=?11) or plain tomato juice (n?=?7). Each serving of enriched juice provided 250?mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexanoic acid (DHA). Both juices provided natural antioxidant compounds such as phenolics (181?mg) and lycopene (26.5?mg).

Results

Intervention with the enriched juice had no effect on the lipid profile, and serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol (total, LDL, and HDL) remained unchanged. The serum antioxidant status improved following juice intake, as revealed by an increase in total antioxidant capacity and a slight decrease in lipid peroxidation. The serum levels of homocysteine, a cardiovascular risk factor, decreased following n-3 PUFA-enriched juice consumption. A decrease in vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) levels was also noted after intake of either plain or enriched tomato juice, whereas intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) levels only decreased following intake of the enriched juice.

Conclusions

Overall, stronger positive amelioration of CVD risk factors was observed following the intake of n-3 PUFA-enriched juice than after plain tomato juice consumption, which suggested a possible synergistic action between n-3 PUFAs and tomato antioxidants.     

Effect of sesame seed on lipid profile and redox status in hyperlipidemic patients

Pre-clinical studies suggest that sesame and its lignans induce beneficial changes in risk factors related to cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to investigate the effects of sesame on reducing serum lipids and enhancing antioxidant capacity in 38 hyperlipidemic patients who were divided into two groups randomly. For all individuals along the 60 days of study period, the same drug treatments were considered. Intervention group patients were supposed to eat 40 g white sesame seeds daily, and instead of these calories, 240 kcal was removed from their diet. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. We assessed lipid profile and oxidative stress indicators such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) before and after the intervention. Significant differences among and between the groups were determined by independent t-test and paired sample t-test using 13th version of statistical package for the social sciences. The results showed that the diet with sesame significantly decreased the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and TC/HDL-C ratio. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) decreased while the activities of GPX and SOD were increased. There were no significant changes in anthropometric indexes such as weight and BMI after consumption of sesame. The results suggested that sesame seed supplementation decreased serum TC, LDL-C and lipid peroxidation, and increased antioxidant status in hyperlipidemic patients.     

Safety and Efficacy of N-SORB®, a Proprietary KD120 MEC Metabolically Activated Enzyme Formulation: A Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Study

Abstract

Background: Enzymes are crucial for all aspects of metabolic function. Digestive enzymes from natural sources have been credited with beneficial effects in the digestion and absorption of food. N-SORB is a novel KD120 multienzyme complex (MEC) of metabolically activated enzymes composed of proteases, amylases, lipases, alpha-galactosidase, and glucoamylase from natural sources. These enzymes are encapsulated in a SK713 SLP (non-GMO soy lecithin phospholipid) absorption technology (Prodosome^®).

Objective: This randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled investigation assessed the safety and efficacy of N-SORB KD120 MEC in healthy male and female volunteers on various parameters of the blood, immunity, body composition, physical health, and quality of life following a 90-day intervention.

Methods: Forty-six male and female (mean age: 25.8?±?12.1?years) healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either N-SORB (1?mL, twice daily) or placebo for 90 consecutive days. Complete blood count, as well as blood glucose, liver enzymes, and lipid profile were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Serum cytokine levels were determined by using a Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 8-plex assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Whole body composition analysis was performed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to determine body fat mass, lean mass, and android and gynoid fat. Body weight, blood pressure, and physical health were assessed. Changes in quality of life were examined using the World Health Organization Quality of Life–abbreviated version and sleep quality was assessed using the 24-item Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Adverse events were monitored before, during, and after completion of the study.

Results: Of the 46 subjects enrolled, a total of 40 subjects successfully completed the study. Compared to placebo, changes in blood cell counts including hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, platelets, and lymphocytes provide evidence of some improvement. Quality of life (QOL) parameters showed a small but significant improvement in the N-SORB group. A significant increase was observed in aspartate aminotransferase level in the placebo group at the end of 90?days of treatment; however, no increase was observed in the N-SORB group. No significant changes in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and lipid profile were observed between the placebo and treatment groups before and following intervention. No adverse effects were reported.

Conclusions: This randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study demonstrates that short-term intervention with N-SORB improves the QOL and PSQI in healthy volunteers and did not significantly alter cardiometabolic parameters, lipid profile, or body composition.     

Horse meat consumption affects iron status,lipid profile and fatty acid composition of red blood cells in healthy volunteers

This study investigated the effect of moderate consumption of horse meat on iron status, lipid profile and fatty acid composition of red blood cells in healthy male volunteers. Fifty-two subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of 26 subjects each: a test group consuming two portions of 175 g/week of horse meat, and a control group that abstained from eating horse meat during the 90 days trial. Before and after 90 days, blood samples were collected for analysis. Horse meat consumption significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced serum levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( ? 6.2% and ? 9.1%, respectively) and transferrin ( ? 4.6%). Total n ? 3, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids n ? 3 and docosahexeanoic acid content in erythrocytes increased (p ≤ 0.05) by about 7.8%, 8% and 11%, respectively. In conclusion, the regular consumption of horse meat may contribute to the dietary intake of n ? 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and may improve lipid profile and iron status in healthy subjects.     

Fruit and vegetables and cardiovascular risk profile: a diet controlled intervention study

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of fruit and vegetables consumption on markers of risk for cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: Randomised, diet controlled, parallel study. SUBJECTS: Forty-eight apparently healthy (40--60 y) volunteers with a low usual consumption of fruit and vegetables. Forty-seven of them completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: During 4 weeks 24 volunteers consumed a standardised meal, consisting of 500 g/day fruit and vegetables and 200 ml/day fruit juice ('high' group) and 23 volunteers consumed 100 g/day fruit and vegetables ('low' group) with an energy and fat controlled diet. RESULTS: Final total cholesterol was 0.2 (95% CI -0.5--0.03) mmol/l lower in the high group than in the low group (P>0.05). Final fibrinogen and systolic blood pressure were 0.1 (-0.1--0.4) g/l and 2.8 (-2.6--8.1) mmHg higher in the high group than in the low group (P>0.05), respectively. Also, other final serum lipid concentrations, diastolic blood pressure and other haemostatic factors did not differ between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: This was a small randomised well-controlled dietary intervention trial of short duration with a considerable contrast in fruit and vegetable consumption. No effects on serum lipids, blood pressure and haemostatic variables were observed.     

Effects of dietary strawberry powder on blood lipids and inflammatory markers in obese human subjects

Obesity is a strong risk factor for the development of CVD, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The overall goal of the present pilot study was to feed strawberries, in the form of freeze-dried powder, to obese subjects to determine whether dietary strawberries beneficially altered lipid profiles and reduced blood markers of inflammation compared with a control intervention. A total of twenty healthy subjects (thirteen females and seven males) aged between 20 and 50 years with a BMI between 30 and 40?kg/m2 completed the present 7-week double-blind, randomised, cross-over trial. Each subject received a prepared diet 7?d/week for 7 weeks consisting of approximately 35?% of energy from fat, 20?% protein, 45?% carbohydrate and 14?g fibre. Blood was collected on days 1 and 8 for baseline information. After the first week, subjects were randomly assigned to the strawberry powder (equivalent to four servings of frozen strawberries) or control (strawberry-flavoured) intervention for 3 weeks. For the remaining 3 weeks, subjects crossed over to the opposite intervention. Blood was collected again at the end of weeks 3, 4, 6 and 7. A comprehensive chemistry panel, lipid profile analyses and measurement of inflammatory mediators were performed for each blood draw. A 3-week dietary intervention with strawberry powder reduced plasma concentrations of cholesterol and small HDL-cholesterol particles, and increased LDL particle size in obese subjects (P?相似文献   

A role for fruit content in energy-restricted diets in improving antioxidant status in obese women during weight loss

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work was to estimate the ability of two hypocaloric diets with different fruit contents to improve antioxidant biomarkers related to lipid peroxidation in obese women. METHODS: Fifteen obese women (age 32 +/- 6 y, body mass index 34.9 +/- 2.9 kg/m2) were assigned to two different dietary treatments for 8 wk. The subjects received a hypocaloric diet (600 kcal/d restriction from the measured individual energy expenditure) containing 5% (n = 8) or 15% (n = 7) energy supplied by fructose from fruits. Anthropometric measurements, blood lipid profile, plasma oxidative markers, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated before and after the nutritional intervention in addition to some relations among them. RESULTS: No differences in weight loss were observed between diets (5% energy from fructose in the low fruit diet -6.9 +/- 2% versus 15% energy from fructose in the high fruit diet -6.6 +/- 2%; P = 0.781). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels significantly decreased (P = 0.048) in obese women who followed the high fruit diet, which was accompanied by a statistical (P = 0.046) diet-related decrease (-30%) in the ratio of MDA to antioxidant capacity. There was a positive association between MDA diet-related change and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.665, P = 0.003), with antioxidant capacity directly proportional to the fiber plus fructose content associated with fruit consumption (r = 0.697, P = 0.025). CONCLUSION: A fruit-enriched hypocaloric diet appears to be more effective against oxidative stress. Consumption of antioxidant substances contained in fruit could be a useful strategy in the design of hypocaloric diets that, with the weight reduction, could increase the improvement of cardiovascular risk factors related to obesity.     

Plasma antioxidant capacity of HIV-seropositive and healthy subjects during long-term ingestion of fruit juices or a fruit-vegetable-concentrate containing antioxidant polyphenols

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether antioxidant polyphenols from fruit juices or a fruit-vegetable-concentrate increase the plasma antioxidant capacity in HIV-infected and healthy subjects. DESIGN: Twenty-three HIV-seropositive and 18 seronegative adults were randomized to ingest either 1 l of fruit juice or 30 ml fruit-vegetable-concentrate per day over 16 weeks in addition to their normal Western diet. METHODS: Plasma antioxidant capacity was determined as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) at baseline, after 1 and 16 weeks of intervention, and after a 6 week washout. RESULTS: There was no difference in plasma antioxidant capacity between HIV-infected and healthy subjects at baseline (P=0.1). After 16 weeks of intervention TEAC increased in HIV-positive subjects with both types of polyphenol supplementation (juice, 1.38+/-0.07 to 1.42+/-0.04 mM, P=0.034; concentrate, 1.40+/-0.09 to 1.46+/-0.08 mM, P=0.025). TEAC was not altered by either type of supplementation in HIV-seronegative subjects. CONCLUSION: Plasma antioxidant capacity can be increased by long-term ingestion of polyphenols from fruit juices or fruit-vegetable-concentrate in HIV-seropositive but not in HIV-seronegative subjects. SPONSORSHIP: This study was supported by a grant and Cellagon aurum from HG Berner GmbH, Altenholz, and fruit juices from Eckes Granini GmbH & Co. KG, Nieder-Olm.     

光合细菌对高脂家兔的血脂及抗氧化作用研究

目的:探讨光合细菌对高脂家兔的血脂与增强抗氧化能力的影响。方法:在采用高脂饲料建立高脂家兔模型的同时给予光合细菌。以螺旋藻为阳性对照,设立空白对照、高脂对照,观察光合细菌对家兔血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量、脂质参数H/L和AI的影响以及对家兔血中SOD活性、GSH、LPO含量和肝脏中GSH含量的作用。结果:光合细菌能显著降低高脂家兔血清TC、TG、LDL-C含量,改善H/L及AI两个脂质参数;并可显著增强高脂家兔血中SOD活性,对血及肝脏中GSH含量有明显的提高作用,同时显著降低血中LPO含量,且优于螺旋藻。结论:光合细菌对高脂家兔具有调脂及增强抗氧化能力的作用。     

Effect of orange juice and beverage with phytosterols on cytokines and PAI-1 activity

Background & aims

Inflammation is pivotal in all phases of atherosclerosis. Dietary options which lower inflammatory biomarkers would be an attractive strategy to reduce risk from cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Indeed, fruit and vegetable intake or fruit juice consumption is associated with health and wellness. However, there is a paucity of data examining the effect of orange juice on biomarkers of inflammation in healthy volunteers. We have previously conducted the first placebo-controlled randomized studies examining the effect of sterol fortified orange juice or sterol fortified reduced calorie orange juice beverage supplementation (2 g sterols/day) compared to Placebo OJ or Placebo OJBev, and showed significant benefits on the lipid profile as well as significant reduction in hsCRP, the prototypic marker of inflammation and a cardiovascular risk marker. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of orange juice (OJ) or OJ beverage (Bev) alone and fortified with plant sterols (1g/240 ml juice or beverage twice a day) on pro-inflammatory cytokines and PAI-1, a marker of impaired fibrinolysis in healthy human volunteers.

Methods

In the first study, 72 healthy human volunteers received Placebo OJ or Sterol OJ and in the second study, 72 volunteers received OJBev or Sterol OJBev for 8 weeks and blood was drawn at baseline and following supplementation for 8 weeks. Biomarkers of Inflammation (IL-1b, IL-6, TNF, IL-8, IL-10) were assessed in serum using the BD Human Inflammatory Cytokine Cytometric Bead Array and PAI-1 activity was assessed in citrated plasma.

Results

OJ or OJBev alone failed to result in any significant effects on circulating cytokine levels or PAI-1 activity. There was a significant reduction in IL-1b with sterol fortified OJ (p < 0.05) compared to baseline. In addition, both sterol fortified OJ as well as sterol fortified OJBev resulted in significant reductions in serum IL-6 levels (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Thus, sterol fortified OJ and OJ Beverage are able to effectively lower biomarkers of inflammation in healthy human volunteers in addition to providing lipid profile benefits and may thus contribute to decreasing cardiovascular risk.     

Lipid-altering effects of a dietary supplement tablet containing free plant sterols and stanols in men and women with primary hypercholesterolaemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial

This randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial assessed the lipid-altering efficacy of a dietary supplement (tablet form) providing 1.8?g/day free (non-esterified) plant sterols and stanols versus placebo for 6 weeks as part of a therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet in 32 men and women with primary hypercholesterolaemia. Mean?±?SE baseline (end of a 5-week TLC diet lead-in) lipid concentrations (mmol/l) were total cholesterol (TC), 5.88?±?0.08; non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), 4.71?±?0.09; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), 4.02?±?0.08; HDL-C, 1.17?±?0.06 and triglycerides (TGs), 1.51?±?0.12. Differences from control in responses (plant sterol/stanol?-?control) were significant (p?相似文献   

Systematic review of green tea epigallocatechin gallate in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of humans

We conducted a systematic review of the literature for the ability of green tea epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Study subjects were limited to healthy individuals and randomized, controlled trials on human serum lipid levels, especially LDL-C, conducted. A total of 17 trials (n?=?1356) met all of the inclusion criteria. According to weighted mean differences for changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI), 107–856?mg/d of EGCG for 4 to 14 weeks reduced LDL-C by ?9.29?mg/dl (95% CI, ?12.27 to ?6.31). Sub-analysis was performed to compare the EGCG lowering effect on LDL-C between non-obese and obese subjects, EGCG dose, baseline of LDL-C levels, or BMI. We concluded that consumption of green tea EGCG resulted in a significant reduction of LDL-C at any baseline level and any dose between 107 and 856?mg/d, and the effect size was slightly dependent on the baseline lipid level of the subjects.     

Improvement of LDL-C laboratory values achieved by participation in a cardiac or diabetes disease management program.

Poor lipid control is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes complications. Frequently, however, patients with these diseases do not achieve blood lipid levels recommended by current standards of care. A retrospective study of 67,244 members eligible for disease management (DM) was initiated to evaluate the ability of interventions to promote improvement in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) laboratory values for people with cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. The baseline trend in improving LDL-C values in the absence of DM was established. A two-year period prior to the start of the DM intervention was examined to measure the mean percent change in LDL-C values that was occurring in the population. The mean percent change observed for this pre-intervention group was then compared to the change in LDL-C values observed during the DM study period. A significant reduction in elevated LDL-C values (F-test; p < 0.0001) was observed for members who participated in the DM interventions, even when elevated LDL-C was defined as low as > or =70 mg/dL. Members with LDL-C values within threshold limits maintained these levels during the DM program. The significant reduction in elevated LDL-C values and maintenance of optimal values (< 100 mg/dL) was observed over the course of 3 years of participation in a DM program. A subset of the population also was examined to assess the impact of telephone intervention on reducing elevated LDL-C values. A significant relationship between receiving care calls and reduction in elevated LDL-C levels was observed; members who received calls achieved up to a 32.5% relative reduction in elevated LDL-C values compared to members who did not receive calls. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate the ability of DM interventions to assist a large, geographically diverse member population in reducing a clinical laboratory value.     

High intakes of vegetables,berries, and apples combined with a high intake of linoleic or oleic acid only slightly affect markers of lipid peroxidation and lipoprotein metabolism in healthy subjects

BACKGROUND: A high consumption of vegetables and fruit is associated with decreased risk of ischemic heart disease and several cancers. The pathophysiology of these diseases involves free radical mechanisms. Diet may either enhance or diminish oxidative stress in the body. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effects of high and low intakes of vegetables, berries, and apples on markers of lipid peroxidation and lipoprotein metabolism in subjects consuming diets high in linoleic or oleic acid. DESIGN: For 6 wk, healthy men and women (n = 77; aged 19-52 y) consumed 1 of 4 controlled isoenergetic diets rich in either linoleic acid (11% of energy) or oleic acid (12% of energy) and containing either 815 or 170 g vegetables, berries, and apples/10 MJ. Nineteen healthy volunteers served as control subjects. Several markers of dietary compliance (plasma fatty acids, vitamin C, carotenoids, and quercetin), lipid peroxidation [ex vivo LDL oxidation, plasma and LDL thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, paraoxonase (EC 3.1.8.1), and urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2)(alpha)], and lipoprotein metabolism (plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, and lipid transfer protein activities) were measured from samples collected before and at the end of the experimental period. RESULTS: Plasma fatty acid composition and antioxidant concentrations showed that compliance with the diets was good. However, there were no significant differences between the diets in the markers of lipid peroxidation and lipoprotein metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy volunteers with adequate vitamin intakes, 6-wk diets differing markedly in the amounts of linoleic and oleic acid and vegetables, berries, and apples did not differ in their effects on lipid peroxidation or lipoprotein metabolism.     

血清总胆固醇水平对大豆蛋白降血脂作用的影响

摘要：目的　探讨血清总胆固醇水平对大豆蛋白降血脂作用的影响。方法　招募单纯高脂血症志愿者９０人
［平均年龄（５１．６５±１０．７８）岁］,随机分为大豆分离蛋白组（狀＝４５）和酪蛋白组（狀＝４５）,在不改变饮食
及运动习惯的基础上,酪蛋白组每人每天补充２４ｇ酪蛋白,大豆分离蛋白组每人每天补充１８ｇ大豆分离蛋
白＋６ｇ酪蛋白混合物,共８周。试验前和试验结束时,测量身高、体质量、计算体质指数,测定血清脂质
水平。以研究对象干预前血清总胆固醇ＴＣ 水平的中位数６．７３ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ 作为分界点,分析干预前血清总胆
固醇（ＴＣ）水平低于或高于６．７３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ 的高脂血症者血清脂质的变化情况。结果　大豆分离蛋白组和酪
蛋白组血清ＴＣ＜６．７３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ 的研究对象干预前后血脂水平变化差异无统计学意义。大豆分离蛋白组血
清ＴＣ≥６．７３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ 的研究对象血清ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ Ｃ、ＡｐｏＢ 水平分别比干预前降低７．３％、１１．７％ 和６．４％
（犘＜０．０５）,ＴＣ∶ ＨＤＬ Ｃ,ＬＤＬ Ｃ∶ ＨＤＬ Ｃ,ＡｐｏＢ∶ ＡｐｏＡ１ 比值分别比干预前降低６．６％、９．５％ 和
１１．６％ （犘＜０．０５）。大豆分离蛋白组和酪蛋白组之间血脂水平差异无统计学意义。结论　高脂血症者血清
总胆固醇水平可影响大豆蛋白的降血脂作用,大豆蛋白对血清胆固醇水平较高的人效果较好。
关键词：血清总胆固醇水平;大豆蛋白;血脂
中图分类号：Ｒ１５１　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１４）０６ ０５９７ ０４     

Plasma homocysteine concentration is decreased by dietary intervention

High plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration is reported to be a risk factor for vascular diseases. We investigated the extent to which serum folate and plasma tHcy respond to a high intake of natural folate from food. Thirty-seven healthy females volunteered t o participate in a crossover dietary intervention. The study included a baseline period and two 5-week diet periods (low- and high-folate diets) with a 3-week washout in between. The low-folate diet contained one serving of both vegetables and fruit/d, while during the high-folate diet the subjects ate at least seven servings of vegetables, berries, and citrus fruit/d. Serum and erythrocyte (RBC) folate, serum vitamin B (12), and plasma tHcy concentrations were measured at the base-line and at the end of each diet period. The mean concentrations of serum and RBC folate were 11.0 (SD 3.0) nmol/l and 412 (SD 120) nmol/l at the end of the low-folate diet and 78 (95 % CI 62, 94) % and 14 (95 % CI 8, 20) % higher in response to the high-folate diet (P< 0.001). The serum concentration of vitamin B12 remained unchanged during the intervention. The mean plasma tHcy concentration was 8.0 pmol/ at the end of the low-folate diet and decreased by 13 (95% CI 9, 18) % in response to the high-folate diet (P<0.001). In conclusion, a diet high in fresh berries, citrus fruit, and vegetables effectively increases serum and RBC folate and decreases plasma homocysteine.