经腹膜外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(附10例报告)

目的 探讨经腹膜外途径腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术（extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatcctomy,eLRP）的应用价值。方法 2005年4月-2006年1月前列腺癌10例。年龄62-78岁。平均68．5岁。病史2周～6年。患者均接受腹膜外途径腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术。结果 手术时间210～380min,平均245min。术中出血量500～1200mL,平均850mL。所有患者均于术后2周拔除导尿管,3例出现尿漏。3例术后出现轻度尿失禁。经辅助治疗后好转。随访1～10月。未见肿瘤复发,PSA0～0．08ng／mL。结论 eLRP是一种安全,有效的方法,值得临床推广。     

Comparison of the extraperitoneal and transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

The laparoscopic radical prostatectomy （LRP） is a developing technique for treatment of localizedprostate cancer, while the extraperitoneal approach has been highlighted recently.1 From May 2003 to April 2006, we performed laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by transperitoneal or extraperitoneal approaches in 31 patients with localized prostate cancer. Some parameters of these patients are compared in this article.     

Single plus one port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a report of 8 cases in one center

Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is considered the first treatment of choice for local prostate cancer due to its minimal invasion advantage. To further achieve the goal of minimal invasion, single port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy has been developed to minimize the complications associated with puncture tracks. The aim of this study was to illustrate the technique for single port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and evaluate its efficacy and safety. We reported 8 cases of radical prostatectomy with excellent early outcome carried out in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital from June 2009 to August 2009 using a home-made multiple instrument access port and adding an additional small incision at McBurney point.

     

开放和经腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术围手术期的临床差异分析

目的 探讨经腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术较开放性前列腺癌根治术围手术期的优点.方法 回顾分析2006年1月至2012年2月我科收治的75例前列腺癌患者的临床资料,对比开放性前列腺癌根治术与经腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术两组患者围术期的临床特征及并发症等.结果 经腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术组的患者术中出血量和总输血量以及住院时间显著低于开放性前列腺癌根治术组(P＜0.05).开放性前列腺癌根治术组与经腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术组的总并发症分别为38.7％和18.2％ (P ＜0.05),其中重度并发症分别为6.5％和4.5％(P＞0.05).结论 经腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术因创伤小,术中出血量和围手术期输血量显著减少,总并发症率显著减少,最终可能节约了医疗资源.     

Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

During the last 3 years, new laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) techniques have been used with satisfactory results similar to those of retropubic open surgery. In this article we describe our initial experiences with 19 consecutive LRPs performed between October 2000 and February 2003.     

Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

During the last 3 years, new laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) techniques have been used with satisfactory results similar to those of retropubic open surgery.1 In this article we describe our initial experiences with 19 consecutive LRPs performed between October 2000 and February 2003.     

前列腺穿刺术后短期内行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的应用研究

目的 探讨前列腺穿刺后不同间隔时间行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术对手术难度及手术效果的影响.方法 回顾性分析2012年5月至2015年8月期间于大连医科大学附属第二医院泌尿外科由同一术者完成腹膜外途径腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术患者48例,依据穿刺至手术的间隔时间分为A、B两组,A组25例患者为前列腺穿刺术后6周内行手术治疗,B组23例患者为6周后行手术治疗.评估患者手术时间、术中出血量、切缘阳性率、术后尿控情况及术后住院时间等指标.结果 所有患者均顺利接受腹膜外途径腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术,A组平均手术时间(160±63.5) rnin,B组平均手术时间(165±66.7) min,A组患者术中出血量为(180.2±96.3)mL,B组患者术中出血量为(190.5±102.1) mL,A组患者术后切缘阳性率为16.0％,B组患者术后切缘阳性率为17.4％,A组患者术后平均住院天数(9.5±3.6)d,B组患者术后平均住院天数(10.2 ±4.1)d,术后随访6个月,A、B两组各有2例患者不能自主控尿,尿失禁发生率分别为8.0％和8.7％,以上5项指标差异均无统计学意义.结论 前列腺穿刺后短期内行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术(6周内)不影响手术难度及手术效果.     

单一术者机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术术中指标影响因素分析

目的 探究行机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术（RALP）手术时间、术中出血量以及神经保留的影响因素。方法 收集2016年1月1日至2017年10月1日184例于海军军医大学（第二军医大学）长海医院泌尿外科由单一术者完成RALP的局部或局部进展性前列腺癌患者的手术资料及临床信息,分析患者年龄、前列腺体积、术后病理Gleason评分、盆腔淋巴结切除范围、穿刺方式等对手术时间、术中出血量和神经保留的影响。对手术时间和术中出血量的影响因素进行多因素线性回归分析,手术时间与前列腺体积的相关性采用线性相关分析,不同盆腔淋巴结切除范围的患者RALP手术时间的比较采用LSD-t检验。对RALP术中神经保留影响因素的分析采用多因素logistic回归分析。RALP术中未保留、保留单侧与保留双侧神经患者年龄的差异采用单因素方差分析,术后病理Gleason评分、盆腔淋巴结切除范围和穿刺方式的差异采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。结果 多因素线性回归分析结果显示前列腺体积和盆腔淋巴结切除范围是RALP手术时间的独立影响因素（P均<0.01）;前列腺体积与手术时间呈正相关（r=0.201,P=0.006）;盆腔淋巴结扩大切除患者的RALP手术时间长于闭孔切除者,且盆腔淋巴结闭孔切除者的手术时间长于未切除者（P均<0.01）;患者年龄、前列腺体积、术后病理Gleason评分、盆腔淋巴结切除范围、穿刺方式等对RALP术中出血量无明显影响（P>0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、术后病理Gleason评分、盆腔淋巴结切除范围和穿刺方式是RALP术中神经保留的独立影响因素（OR=0.949,95% CI：0.906~0.995,P=0.027;OR=0.742,95% CI：0.551~0.999,P=0.049;OR=0.540,95% CI：0.322~0.903,P=0.019;OR=0.457,95% CI：0.230~0.905,P=0.025）。RALP术中未保留、保留单侧和保留双侧神经的前列腺癌患者分别为108、20、56例,3组患者的年龄、术后病理Gleason评分、盆腔淋巴结切除范围和穿刺方式的差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。结论 前列腺体积大以及进行盆腔淋巴结切除的前列腺癌患者手术时间较长,年龄大、术后病理Gleason评分高、进行盆腔淋巴结切除以及经直肠穿刺不利于RALP术中神经保留。     

腹腔镜经腹途径前列腺癌根治术(附2例报告)

目的:探讨经腹膜外途径腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术治疗前列腺癌的临床疗效。方法:2006年9月我院收治2例前列腺癌患者,均接受腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术。结果:手术均顺利完成,手术时间480 min,术中出血量500 ml,所有患者均于术后4周拔除导尿管。结论:腹腔镜下经腹膜外前列腺癌根治术是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,术中视野清晰、止血可靠、创伤小、腹腔并发症少,患者住院时间短、恢复快,值得临床推广。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术与腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术术后疗效对比分析：倾向性评分匹配队列研究

目的：比较分析机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术（机器人手术）与腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术（腹腔镜手术）术后的疗效差异。方法：回顾性分析2017年1月至2022年12月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科接受机器人手术（253例）及腹腔镜手术（148例）术后患者的临床资料。通过倾向性评分进行1∶1匹配平衡2组基线特征后,比较2组患者发生术后切缘阳性、住院时间、住院费用的差异。结果：与腹腔镜手术相比,多因素logistic回归分析表明机器人手术切缘阳性危险比值比为1.17(OR=1.17,95%CI=0.61～2.25,P=0.640)。机器人组住院时间为13.5(10,17) d,腹腔镜手术组为13(10,18) d,组间差异无统计学意义（P=0.927）。机器人组患者住院总费用为72 695(65 479,78 623)元,腹腔镜手术组患者住院总费用为46 045(40 367,63 149)元,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。结论：在带来额外医疗费用的情况下,与腹腔镜手术相比,机器人手术在减少患者住院时间和术后切缘阳性发生率方面并不具有优势。     

改良前列腺尖部分离技术保留尿道周围结构对前列腺癌根治术后即刻尿控的影响

目的 探索改良前列腺尖部分离技术,保留完整尿道及周围结构对腹腔镜下前列腺根治性切除术后即刻尿控的影响。方法 选取2020年9月至2020年12月在首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院确诊的前列腺癌患者,由同一手术团队完成的连续10例改良的前列腺尖部分离技术腹腔镜下前列腺根治性切除病例,收集围手术期资料,评估手术并发症及早期即刻尿控。结果 患者平均年龄(68±9)岁,中位东部肿瘤协作组织(Eastern Cooperation Oncology Group,ECOG)评分为1分,中位最高前列腺特异抗原(prostate specific antigen, PSA)为15.05(7.05,31.00)ng/mL,临床分期cT2 8例、cT3 1例、cT4 1例。平均手术时间为(123±26)min,平均出血量约(63±28)mL。中位尿管留置时间为5(5,7)d,术后1周内拔除尿管后24 h内尿控完全恢复的患者9例。术后Clavien I级1例,90 d内无其他更高级并发症。患者病理分期pT2a 2例、pT2c 5例、pT3b 1例、pT4 2例,Gleason评分3+3 2例、4+3 5例、4+5/5+4 3例。本组10例患者尖部均有肿瘤,4例患者切缘阳性。结论 改良前列腺尖部分离技术保留尿道周围结构能够明显改善即刻尿控,然而可能会增加尖部肿瘤的切缘阳性率,需要进一步改进技术,并通过更大样本及更长的随访证实疗效。     

Single-port laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: initial experience and technical points to reduce its difficulties

Background  Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) approaches have been reported for treating various kidney and pelvic procedures, and are feasible and effective in selected patients. In this study, we aimed to present the initial experience and evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy performed through a single incision using a multichannel port.

Methods  Between July 2010 and April 2011, six patients diagnosed with early stage prostate cancer underwent LESS radical prostatectomy (RP) in our institute. A multichannel port was inserted transperitoneally through a 2-cm umbilical incision. Specially articulating and flexible laparoscopic were used. Some technical tricks and points were applied during the operation to overcome the drawbacks and reduce the difficulties of this approach. Two continuous urethrovesical sutures in both sides were performed to complete both lateral aspects of anastomosis. The two ends of the suture threads were fixed by double Lapro-Clips, instead of the difficult knot-tying.

Results  Total operative time was (265±43) minutes. Mean blood loss was (230±65) ml. All cases were completed successfully, without conversion to open surgery or adding additional abdomen ports. No patient required a blood transfusion and no intraoperative complications occurred. The Foley catheter was removed at the 14th day (range 12th–16th) after surgery. At the 12th week of follow-up, all patients had an undetectable prostate-specific antigen level. Two patients used 2 or 1 pad for continence daily; other patients had achieved good continence.

Conclusion  In selected cases, LESS-RP is feasible and effective; these technic points and the flexible-articulating instruments are helpful to reduce the operation difficulties.

     

达芬奇机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术

回顾性分析5例机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术( RARP)的临床资料及手术方法,5例患者均顺利完成手术,无1例中转传统腹腔镜或开放手术,术后病理均证实为前列腺癌,术后随访,尿失禁及性功能恢复中。 RARP 安全、有效、微创,既可增加手术精细度,又可减轻术者的手术疲劳,值得推广。     

Evaluating the oncologic outcomes in 152 patients undergoing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

Background  Although many midterm oncologic data have been reported for extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (ELRP) in western countries, few oncologic data of the extraperitoneal procedure was published in China. The aim of the study was to evaluate the oncologic outcomes of patients treated with ELRP in China.

Methods  From January 2005 to March 2010, a total of 152 consecutive patients diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer were included in this study and treated with ELRP. The patients were staged according to the TNM (tumor, nodes, metastases) system. Median and mean postoperative follow-up were 28.1 months and 27.0 months, respectively. The patients were retrospectively analyzed for progression-free survival.

Results  One hundred and twelve cases (73.7%) were postoperatively diagnosed as pT2 in, and 40 cases (26.3%) as pT3. Positive lymph nodes were shown in 5 patients (3.3%). Gleason score was <7 in 49 men (32.2%), 7 in 69 men (45.4%), and >7 in 34 men (22.4%). Positive surgical margins (PSM) were observed in 15 patients (9.9%), which included 32.0% of all pT3a cases and 46.7% of all pT3b cases, respectively. The overall prostate-specific antigen recurrence-free survival rate was 86% in all patients. The recurrence-free survival rates were 91.8% and 62.2% in pT2N0 patients and pT3N0 patients, respectively. Preoperative prostate-specific antigen, surgical margins, tumor stage, and lymph nodal status were identified as independent predictors of biochemical recurrence-free survival using multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.

Conclusions  ELRP is a precise, safe and effective procedure at this particular Chinese institution. The prognostic power of prostate-specific antigen relapse after ELRP is not identical to that described previously with transperitoneal or open retropubic approaches.

     

Laparoendoscopic single-site radical prostatectomy: technique and initial outcomes

Background  Laparoendoscopic single-site surgery radical prostatectomy (LESS-RP) is a challenging urological procedure and needs to be further evaluated. This study was undertaken to illustrate the safety and initial results of pure LESS-RP with conventional available instruments.

Methods  A prospective clinical database was established in September 2010 to assess the outcome following the introduction of LESS-RP at our institution. By June 2012, six procedures had been performed. The mean patient age was 74.7 (74.0–76.0) years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.8 (19.5–32.2) kg/m². The LESS-RP was preformed through an extra-peritoneal approach using single port access with QudaPort, 0° lens 5 mm flexible tip video-laparoscope and available conventional laparoscopic instruments. Parameters assessed were operative time, estimated blood loss, intra-operative complications, drainage time, postoperative pain score (visual analogue pain scale (VAPS), 0–10), pathological results, and postoperative prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels.

Results  LESS-RP was completed for all six cases without additional trocar placement or conversion to standard laparoscopic or open radical prostatectomy. The mean operative times were 252.5 (190.0–305.0) minutes, estimated blood loss was 300 (100–500 ml). There was no documentable intraoperative complication. The mean wound-drainage time was 5.2 (2.0–7.0) days, and the first postoperative day VAPS was 0.8 (0–3.0). Final pathological staging was pT2aN0M0 in four cases and pT2cN0M0 in two cases. Surgical margins were negative for all cases. The one-month post-operative PSA was less than 0.02 ng/ml in each case. All patients were continent without pad usage at 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusion  The technique of pure LESS-RP is feasible and early outcomes are acceptable.

     

腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术初步体会(附21例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的初步体会及其临床价值.方法:回顾性总结2006年5月至2010年6月,采用腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术21例.患者年龄60～78岁,中位年龄66.7岁.术前均病理证实为前列腺癌.7例采用经腹腔途经,14例采用经腹膜外途经.结果:20例手术获得成功,手术时间130～360min,平均270min.术中出血量150～900ml,平均390ml,5例患者术中输血.1例改开放手术.术后留置尿管时间14～22 d,平均18.6 d.无直肠损伤病例;4例发生漏尿,均经保守治疗后痊愈;1例真性尿失禁;1例切缘阳性(5.2%).术后随访2～39个月,平均15.6个月,未发现肿瘤局部复发和远处转移,血清前列腺特异抗原0～0.12μg/L.结论:腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术视野清楚、创伤小、恢复快,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

前列腺癌根治术后HMGB1表达的意义

目的调查HMGB1在人类前列腺癌细胞链中的表达及对前列腺癌根治术预后的影响。方法通过实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应检测前列腺癌细胞株DU-145、PC-3以及LNCaP和正常前列腺细胞株RWPE-1中HMGB1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。免疫组化法测定168例前列腺癌患者标本中的HM GB1蛋白表达水平。比较前列腺癌患者中HMGB1表达阳性和阴性组间的临床指标。探讨HMGB1蛋白的表达是否可以预测前列腺癌根治术后患者生化复发的危险性。结果三个前列腺癌细胞株DU-145、PC-3以及LNCaP与正常前列腺细胞株RWPE-1相比较,HM GB1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平都较高。前列腺癌根治术后患者的HM GB1蛋白表达阳性比率为60.1%（101/168）。标本中HMGB1蛋白表达阳性与患者的病理分期、Gleason评分、术前PSA和生化复发等因素相关。前列腺癌患者中HMGB1蛋白表达阳性相比于阴性其无生化复发生存时间较短（23.1 months vs.15.6 months）（P〈0.001）。HM GB1蛋白表达可以预测前列腺癌根治术后患者无生化复发的生存时间（hazard ratio=2.348,95%CI=1.373,6.361,P=0.001）。结论前列腺癌细胞株中HMGB1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平都较高,可能和前列腺癌的发病有关,可能作为一种新的瘤标预测前列腺癌根治术后生化复发的危险性。     

腹腔镜Sandwich法尿道及周围组织重建改善高风险组前列腺癌根治术后早期尿控的研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜Sandwich法尿道及周围组织重建技术对高风险组前列腺癌根治术后早期尿控的疗效。方法 纳入2011年1月至2015年9月于本院治疗的高风险前列腺癌患者71例,采用腹腔镜Sandwich法尿道及周围组织重建技术47例,采用单纯尿道吻合技术24例,对比两组患者年龄、体质量指数、前列腺体积、术前前列腺特异性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)、临床分期、手术时间、术后引流管拔除时间、术后尿管拔除时间、病理分期、Gleason评分、术后切缘阳性率、淋巴结阳性率及拔除尿管后第2、4、12、24、52周尿控恢复情况。结果 两组患者间年龄、体质量指数、前列腺体积、术前PSA、临床分期、病理分期、Gleason评分、术后切缘阳性率、淋巴结阳性率、术后引流管拔除时间的差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05);Sandwich法尿道及周围组织重建组手术时间长于对照组(P=0.024)、术后尿管拔除时间显著早于对照组(P <0.001),拔除尿管第12周尿控恢复显著优于对照组(P=0.023)。结论 腹腔镜Sandwich法尿道及周围组织重建技术安全可行,显著改善高风险组前列腺癌根治术后早期尿控。     

Evaluation of the Outcome of Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy by a Single Surgeon: Experience with an Initial 30 Cases

Objective: We carried out this study to clarify whether operative methods of laparoscopic prostatectomy (LRP) could become a standard therapy. The purpose was to evaluate the technical feasibility, oncologic effectiveness and perioperative and postoperative morbidity of LRP performed by a general urologist.Patients and Methods: Between June 2004 and May 2006, 30 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer consecutively underwent LRP by a single surgeon. Oncologic data were assessed by histopathological examination and by postoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.Results: Complete laparoscopic removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles was achieved in all 30 patients. The average operation time was 250.9 min (range, 168 to 394 min). The total positive surgical margin rate was 20.7% (6 of 29 cases), with a total PSA recurrence rate was 23.3% (7 of 30 cases), but the frequencies tended to be decreased in the later phase cases. Perioperative complications were encountered in 5 patients; four of these patients were in the initial 10 cases. Two of the 30 cases (6.7%) required a blood transfusion (first case and 11th case). There were three surgical complications, one ureter injury, one rectal injury and one sigmoid serosal injury. The catheter duration intervals were reduced in the later cases.Conclusions:From our experience with one surgeon, with whom perioperative complications were concentrated in the initial 10 cases, we conclude that LRP should be performed by experienced surgeons after intensive training.