Service Learning in an Occupation-Based Curriculum: Student Commentary

Recent trends toward occupation-based practice and the move toward masters-level occupational therapy (OT) education has forced OT educators to reevaluate their programs to meet the needs of the contemporary health care environment. Service learning is one way to bridge the gap between theory and practice. The Master of Occupational Therapy (MOT) Program at Cleveland State University (CSU), in keeping with its focus on occupation, incorporates three service-learning components into its curriculum. This paper, written by a second-year MOT student at CSU, discusses two of these experiences in depth. The first, which took place at a homeless shelter, included both a didactic and “clinical” component, with an emphasis on community-based mental health OT services. The second, which included a training component and a structured program, involved co-leading after-school social-emotional learning groups for low-income urban youth. Both experiences served to expand the clinical skills and reasoning of the MOT students while introducing both the students and agencies to the role of OT in non-traditional community settings. Based on these experiences, the author highly recommends that all masters-level OT programs should, if they have not done so already, institute service learning as a core component of their curricula, in order to prepare their students for contemporary OT practice.     

Effects of an Occupation-Based Obesity Prevention Program for Children at Risk

ABSTRACT

Since the prevalence of obesity-related medical conditions in children and adolescents has increased over the past several years obesity prevention has become a vital need for our society and a focus of our professional practice. The primary aim of this pilot study was to increase children's experiences with physical activity and healthy foods to promote self-efficacy related to a healthy lifestyle. Using a pre- and posttest design, the Healthy Choices for Me program was evaluated for its efficacy. Intervention consisted of a 12-week after-school program implemented by occupational therapy students. Elementary-aged children from two lower social economic schools in an urban area participated in the program. Results demonstrated positive changes in food behavior, food self-efficacy, and vegetable consumption for the participants.     

The Occupation-Based Intervention of Bathing: Cases in Home Health Care

Abstract

Although bathing skills can be an indicator of long term placement, documentation of occupational therapists doing bathing as an occupation-based intervention is limited. Five clients were referred to a hospital-based home health agency with various diagnoses and at different levels of functioning. Each client was assessed at admission and discharge using the Outcomes and Assessment Information Set and the occupational therapists used the Activities of daily living (ADL) of bathing as the intervention based on client centered expressed needs. Findings reveal a statistically significant change in individuals pre- and post-assessment of bathing (Z?=?–2.032, p?=?.042) supporting occupation-based interventions, specifically bathing, should be further researched as a means of significantly improving the functional status of clients.     

Service Learning Can Make Occupation-Based Practice a Reality: A Single Case Study

ABSTRACT

Service learning is philosophically congruent with the objectives of progressive occupational therapy curricula. This article presents a case-based research study that examined the attributes and outcomes of a service-learning course that included Level I fieldwork. Analysis of the case study identified three themes: (a) the translation of theory to practice, (b) the value of contextual learning, and (c) the gestalt of occupational awareness. Service learning can be considered a pedagogical [2] model that promotes the synthesis of conceptual models to clinical practice. Furthermore, it enables students to develop a professional and personal philosophy of occupation earlier in their careers.     

2008-2009年乐山市麻疹强化免疫效益分析

目的通过研究麻疹强化免疫的投入和产出,分析强化免疫对控制麻疹的经济效益。方法通过测量麻疹强化免疫的成本、效果、效益,进行成本效果和成本效益分析。结果 2008-2009年乐山市麻疹强化免疫预测可减少发病755～1057例;可以产生2369190～3316866元的经济效益;成本效果分析,每投入3668.9元到2620.6元可减少1例麻疹患者;成本效益比=1∶0.86～1.20,中间值为1∶1.03。结论麻疹强化免疫经济上投入产出相当。     

2008年资阳市麻疹疫苗强化免疫活动分析

目的总结麻疹疫苗（MV）强化免疫经验,加速麻疹控制,如期实现消除麻疹目标。方法收集资阳市MV强化免疫报表数据,采用描述性方法对相关数据进行流行病学分析。结果本次MV强化免疫共计接种8月龄．14岁目标儿童663992人,报告接种率和快速评估接种率均〉95％;麻疹强化免疫后麻疹发病大幅下降。结论本次MV强化免疫达到了预期目的。     

盈亏平衡点在科室经济活动分析中的应用

结合案例,重．羔介绍了盈亏平衡点在科室经济活动中的应用过程,指出盈亏平衡点分析有利于科室经营管理,可广泛应用于经营风险评估、设备配置决策、预算编制等方面。     

肝硬化患者肠肌电活动分析

目的：检测肝硬化患者体表肠电图，观察肝硬化患者的肠肌电活动，探讨肠电图在肝硬化患者中的应用价值。方法：肝硬化患者65例，对照组30例，以WCDF－4B胃肠电分析仪记录体表肠电图，观察平均峰值幅度Ap,主频Fp，平均过零频率Fz及特异波形。结果：肝硬化组Fz\异常率及特异波形的出现率明显高于对照组，P＜0．01；两组的Ap,Fp无明显差别，P＞0．05，结论：肝硬化患者Fz明显高于对照组，出现肠肌电活动增多，功能紊乱的特征性波型即频繁小移行波和负载波，说明肝硬化患者肠电活动的兴奋性增高，不规则，且随着肝功能的受损程度的增加，肠肌电活动异常的发生率增加，肠电图检查是测定肠肌电活动的可靠方法，具有无创伤，无痛苦，简便，安全，稳定的特点。     

孕妇产前运动现状分析

目的：分析孕妇产前运动的现状,明确其影响因素,从而为孕期保健工作提供指导建议。方法以2012年3月－2012年11月间在武汉某医院妇幼保健科进行产前检查的所有孕妇作为研究对象进行现场调查,调查内容包括孕妇基本情况和产前运动情况。结果孕妇产前运动平均时间为1．34小时/周,其中自主运动、家务劳动、家庭照顾、工作类运动时间分别为0．48小时/周、0．36小时/周、0．16小时/周、0．23小时/周。不同特征孕妇各类运动时间所占比例不同,高文化程度、城市户籍的孕妇自主运动所占的比例较高,达到40％以上,农村户籍的孕妇家务劳动所占的比例较高,达到41％。结论我国孕妇产前运动时间不足,不同特征孕妇产前运动的种类和时间不同,有必要加强孕妇产前运动指导和健康教育。     

合肥地区HBV感染及其活动性的免疫学调查与分析

目的：调查本区域HBV感染血清模式的分布及病情活动状况特征。方法：调查我室2001年以来血清＂两对半＂检测标本,选取含盖了全部HBV感染模式血清426份,以荧光定量PCR法检测HBV-DNA;以速率法检测血清ALT及AST活性。以50份HBV阴性血清为对照。结果：HBV感染血清模式12种,其中常见阳性模式有6种：均伴有显著较高的HBV-DNA含量及复制水平（P〈0.05）,且血清ALT和AST活性异常增高（P〈0.05）,显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：本区域内HBV感染血清模式丰富,以6种模式较常见;既往感染而非＂乙肝＂标志的血清模式也可能伴随出现血清中HBV的复制和肝功能异常的＂乙肝＂实质现象,此应引起相关临床的重视。     

Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Elementary Schools: Analysis of Contextual Conditions

BACKGROUND: Little is known about children's leisure-time physical activity (PA) at school and how it is associated with contextual variables. The purpose of this study was to objectively assess children's voluntary PA during 3 daily periods and examine modifiable contextual factors. METHODS: We conducted SOPLAY (System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth) observations before school, during recess, and at lunchtime in 137 targeted activity areas in 13 elementary schools over 18 months. During observations, each child was coded as Sedentary, Walking, or Vigorous, and simultaneous entries were made for area characteristics (accessibility, usability, presence of supervision, loose equipment, and organized activities). Logistic regression analysis was used to test associations between PA and area characteristics. RESULTS: Assessors made 2349 area visits and observed 36,995 children. Boys had more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; 66.2 vs 60.0%, p < .001) and more vigorous PA (29.8 vs 24.6%; p < .001) than girls. Areas were typically accessible and usable, but provided organized activities infrequently (16.5%). Odds of engaging in MVPA were greater during lunch and recess than before school and in areas with play equipment (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Children accrued a substantial amount of voluntary PA during leisure time at school. Their PA would likely be increased if school playground equipment was more readily available and if supervisors were taught to provide active games and promote PA rather than suppress it.     

Critical Access Hospitals and Retail Activity: An Empirical Analysis in Oklahoma

Purpose: This paper takes an empirical approach to determining the effect that a critical access hospital (CAH) has on local retail activity. Previous research on the relationship between hospitals and economic development has primarily focused on single‐case, multiplier‐oriented analysis. However, as the efficacy of federal and state‐level rural health subsidies come under increasing scrutiny, more comprehensive investigations can provide support for continued funding. Methods: Data from 105 rural Oklahoma communities are used to explore whether the presence of a CAH impacts several measures of retail activity. The measures are: total retail sales, total number of retail establishments, and number of micro and small retail establishments. Ordinary least squares regression is used to evaluate the impact of a CAH after controlling for a host of other factors influencing retail activity such as local demographics, unemployment rates, and the presence of a Wal‐Mart. Findings: The presence of a CAH has a positive and significant influence on each measure of retail activity. The parameter estimates suggest that a CAH has a similar influence on rural retail sales as a Wal‐Mart, increasing total retail sales by approximately 28% over towns without a CAH. Other model results indicate that a CAH presence significantly increases the number of total retail establishments and the number of micro and small business establishments. Conclusions: The positive results provide additional evidence on the far‐reaching economic development impacts of CAHs. The results also emphasize the importance of continued support for these rural institutions, including federal and state subsidies.     

浙江省2所高校学生运动状况分析

目的了解高校学生运动状况,为高校学生运动行为干预提供依据。方法整群随机抽取浙江省2所高校学生533名进行Baecke体育运动习惯问卷调查。结果医科和工科高校学生的Baecke体育运动习惯问卷4项指数差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);本科生、硕士生和博士生的部分指数差异有统计学意义;男生锻炼指数与总运动指数均高于女生(P值均<0.01),男生的体育运动参加率(77.71%)显著高于女生(52.97%)(P<0.01),男、女生运动项目和运动目的差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论高校学生体育锻炼情况不容乐观,应有针对性地对重点人群进行运动行为干预。