In vivo effects of amtolmetin guacyl on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence systems in different models of gastrointestinal injury

1. The in vivo effects of the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) amtolmetin guacyl (AMG) on lipid peroxidation (LP) and on antioxidant enzyme and non-enzyme defence systems were investigated in models of stomach and colon damages, induced by other NSAIDs, by ethanol or by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). 2. Indomethacin increased LP, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Glu-6-P-DH) activities and decreased glutathione levels in gastric mucosa. Pretreatment with AMG normalized some of the parameters affected by indomethacin. 3. Treatment of rats with ethanol for 0.5 h led to a decrease in glutathione levels as well as activities of glutathione reductase and Glu-6-P-DH in gastric mucosa. AMG, administered 0.5 h before ethanol, limited the adverse actions of ethanol. 4. Amtolmetin guacyl failed to abolish the TNBS-induced changes in the followed-up parameters in colon mucosa and liver, but additional alterations (as with tolmetin) were not observed. 5. The beneficial profile of AMG in the various experimental models of free radical-induced damage investigated in this study suggests the possibility that this drug might possess antioxidant activity.     

The assessment of genotoxic effects of wastewater from a fertilizer factory

In this study we investigated cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects of different concentrations of wastewater from the phosphoric gypsum depot near the factory for fertilizing agents 'INA Petrokemija' (Kutina, Croatia). The Ames test was performed on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, in the presence of S9 mix, glutathione and buffer, respectively. Cytotoxicity was studied on human laryngeal carcinoma cells (HEp2) and human cervical cells (HeLa). The level of lipid peroxidation in these two cell lines was evaluated in parallel. To establish the levels of primary DNA damage, the alkaline comet assay was performed on treated human peripheral blood leukocytes. No mutagenic effects of phosphoric gypsum on Salmonella typhimurium strains in the presence of S9 mix, GSH or PBS were observed. However, strong cytotoxic effect was observed on both human cell lines when they were treated with different concentrations of wastewater. Lipid peroxidation was induced and increased by prolonged time of incubation, highlighting that the damage was not repaired, but increased with the time of incubation. The results of the alkaline comet assay indicate significant DNA damaging potential of wastewater for human leukocytes. Since phosphoric gypsum transport water in its present composition and acidity is highly toxic and acts as prooxidant, causing free radicals formation and DNA damage, urgent neutralization/purification of the wastewater to a level acceptable for disposal into the environment is mandatory.     

Estimate of antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in plasma of healthy subjects

Serum contains various antioxidant molecules that may provide important protection against free radical attack. The aim of this work was to assess the total antioxidant capacity of plasma and a marker of lipid per oxidation [(thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)] in plasma of healthy smoking and non-smoking young and elderly subjects. In addition, we investigated plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid. In in vitro experiments, the effects of exogenous compounds (ascorbic acid, uric acid, Trolox) on total ferric-reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) were also tested. We demonstrated that total antioxidant capacity of plasma obtained from healthy non-smoking young subjects was significantly higher than plasma antioxidant capacity of smoking elderly subjects. The concentration of TBARS in young non-smoking volunteers was lower than that in young smokers. The concentration of TBARS in elderly non-smoking volunteers was lower than in elderly smokers. Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid were significantly lower in elderly smoker than in elderly non-smokers of the same age. No difference in the plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid were found in 22-year-old smoking and non-smoking subjects. In vitro addition of ascorbic acid, uric acid, or Trolox to plasma samples significantly increased their total antioxidant capacity. Decrease of FRAP values and increase of TBARS concentrations is a significant physiologic condition of the aging process. Supplementation of antioxidants could be useful for the enhancement of antioxidant screen in plasma.     

艾纳香二氢黄酮对脂质过氧化及活性氧自由基的作用

目的研究5种艾纳香二氢黄酮化合物的抑制脂质过氧化及其对超氧阴离子自由基（O）、羟自由基（·OH）的清除作用。方法：不同浓度的艾纳香二氢黄酮化合物与大鼠组织匀浆或自由基发生系统共治后，比色法测定丙二醛、、·OH生成量。结果：10(－5)～10(－4)mol·L(-1)浓度下，5种艾纳香二氢黄酮类化合物，能够抑制大鼠组织匀浆自氧化及FeSO4／半胱氨酸激发的脂质过氧化，10(－6)～10(－5)mol·L(-1)浓度下能够清除黄嘌呤／黄嘌呤氧化酶系统产生的O，以及抗坏血酸／硫酸铜自由基系统产生的·OH。结论：艾纳香二氢黄酮具有较强的抗氧化作用。     

莲心碱对氧自由基和脂质过氧化的影响

莲心碱(Liensinine,LIE)为中药莲子心中提取的一种双苄基异喹啉类生物碱,研究报道其具有降压、抗心律失常等[1]心血管活性.自由基反应在心血管损伤中起着重要作用,为了进一步了解LIE的药理作用及机制,本文报道了LIE对氧自由基和脂质过氧化(LPO)的影响.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对实验性肝硬化大鼠肝纤维化与脂质过氧化的影响

目的:探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对肝硬化大鼠的作用及其影响肝纤维化与脂质过氧化损伤的机制。方法:雄性Wistar大鼠36只,随机分成正常组(7只)、模型组(14只)、NAC组(15只)。以10μL·kg~(-1)剂量二甲基亚硝胺(DMN)腹腔注射,每周连续3d,每日1次,共4 wk,诱导大鼠肝硬化模型。成模后,NAC组以NAC 0．1 g·kg~(-1)灌胃,每日1次,共4 wk;模型组给予等量生理盐水灌胃。HE染色与天狼猩红染色观察肝组织炎症与胶原沉积;水解法测定肝组织羟脯氨酸含量;生化法检查血清肝功能指标[丙氨酸转氧酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)、清蛋白(Alh)等],肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量;Western印迹法检测肝组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α- SMA)与热休克蛋白47(HSP47)表达。结果:治疗4 wk后,模型组大鼠死亡7只,NAC组死亡3只, NAC明显提高肝纤维化大鼠的生存率(P＜0．01)。与正常组相比,模型大鼠肝脏肝细胞变性、坏死明显,炎性细胞浸润,胶原沉积并形成假小叶;血清ALT、AST和TBil升高,AIb下降;肝组织羟脯氨酸与MDA含量升高,SOD活性下降(P＜0．01)。而NAC可显著减轻肝脏炎症、肝细胞坏死与肝组织胶原沉积,改善模型大鼠异常的肝功能指标,降低肝组织羟脯氧酸与MDA含量,提高SOD活性(P＜0．05,P＜0．01),抑制模型大鼠肝组织HSP47与α-SMA蛋白的表达(P＜0．01)。结论:N-乙酰半胱氨酸有良好的治疗肝硬化作用,其作用机制与促进肝纤维化逆转及抗肝脏脂质过氧化有关。     

Effect of fibrin glue on antioxidant defense mechanism,oxidative DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations

Abstract

Oxidative stress is involved in diverse biological phenomenon, and is caused by the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense system. 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the most critical biomarker in the estimation of ROS-induced DNA damage. This investigation focuses on the effect of fibrin glue on lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant enzymes and oxidative DNA damage (both in vitro and in vivo). The blood biochemical parameters of the implanted animals and in vitro chromosomal aberrations were also studied. Fibrin glue was applied on the calvarial defect made on the anesthetized rats for an observation period of 4, 12, 26 and 52 weeks. At the end of the observation period, animals were anesthetized; blood was collected for serum analysis and was sacrificed. Brain was collected for the detection of 8-OHdG using competitive ELISA and liver was collected for analyzing the antioxidant enzymes and LPO. The results of this study suggest that the effect of fibrin glue on rat brain (in vivo and in vitro) and mice liver (in vitro) did not make any significant influence on LPO and antioxidant defense system. Similarly, there was no change observed in the expression of 8-OHdG. Serum constituents of implanted rats were observed to be within the normal range. The normal karyotype obtained indicates that the physiological saline extract of fibrin glue does not induce any chromosomal anomalies. Hence, it was concluded that the fibrin glue material does not have any potential to produce oxidative stress, alterations in the C-8 position of guanine and chromosomal anomalies.     

In vivo effects of amtolmetin guacyl on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence systems. Comparison with non-selective and COX-2 selective NSAIDs

1. The in vivo effects of the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) amtolmetin guacyl, a pro-drug of the NSAID tolmetin, on lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels and activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) in rat gastric mucosa, colon mucosa and liver, were compared with the effects of non-selective (indomethacin, diclofenac) and COX-2 selective (celecoxib) NSAIDs. 2. Indomethacin treatment led to an increase in lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities and to a decrease in catalase activity and glutathione levels in gastric mucosa. In contrast, amtolmetin guacyl treatment was without effects in gastric and colon mucosa, or liver from control animals. Like amtolmetin guacyl, celecoxib had no effect on the lipid peroxidation, or on enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant defence systems in gastric mucosa. 3. It is suggested that the lack of pro-oxidant effects in vivo associated with amtolmetin guacyl treatment contribute improved gastric tolerability.     

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in patients during acute depressive episodes and in remission after fluoxetine treatment

Increasing numbers of studies indicate that free radicals and their derivatives play a role in some neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant status (TAS) in patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) as compared to healthy controls. Specifically,we wanted to estimate how fluoxetine influences antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation.Fifty MDD patients and thirty healthy controls participated in the study. Antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation levels were measured in erythrocytes, while TAS was measured in plasma. All measurements were taken during an acute depressive episode and then again during depression remission after a three-month fluoxetine treatment.During acute depressive episodes, patients had significantly higher activity levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase (CAT), as compared to healthy controls. Concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) were also significantly higher during depressive episodes. Activity levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) did not differ significantly between depressed patients and healthy control subjects. Moreover, the plasma total antioxidant status of the depressed patients was decreased in comparison to control subjects. After three months of fluoxetine treatment, the above parameters did not change significantly.Major depressive disorder is accompanied by disturbances in the balance between pro- and anti-oxidative processes; however, these disturbances do not improve in patients in remission after three months of fluoxetine therapy.     

Effects of cypermethrin, propetamphos, and combination involving cypermethrin and propetamphos on lipid peroxidation in mice

Insecticides are the chemicals widely used in agriculture, environmental health, human-and animal-health fields. Exposure to insecticides has been associated with many hazardous effects, including antioxidative metabolism. In the current study, the effect of cypermethrin (CYP), propetamphos (PRO) and their mixtures on oxidative stress in mice to understand the possible health effects to animals and human beings was investigated. In the present study, 245 male Albino mice weighing 35-40 g were used. The mice were divided into seven groups. The first group served as the control group. The second and third groups were administered CYP at doses of 5 mg/kg/bw and 10 mg/kg/bw, respectively, and the fourth and fifth groups were given PRO at doses of 2.5 mg/kg/bw and 5.0 mg/kg/bw, respectively. The sixth and seventh groups received combination regimens containing 5 mg/kg/bw CYP plus 2.5 mg/kg/bw PRO and 10 mg/kg/bw CYP plus 5 mg/kg/bw PRO, respectively, in feed for 60 days. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture on the 15th, 45th and 60th days. Serum nitric oxide (NO) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were measured. In conclusion, the alterations observed in the MDA and NO levels and SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities of the trial groups, demonstrate the administration of certain doses of CYP and PRO, either alone or combined, to mice for a period of 60 days to produce oxidative stress. The degree of oxidative stress was found to be related to the dose administered, the duration of exposure and the administration of the indicated compounds either alone or as a combination.     

Genotoxicity of dicrotophos, an organophosphorous pesticide, assessed with different assays in vitro

Dicrotophos is a systemic insecticide with a wide range of applications. We investigated the genotoxicity of dicrotophos using the Ames test, the chromosome aberration test in CHO-K1 cells, and the comet assay in the Hep G2 cells, while this chemicals' toxicity to both the cell lines was evaluated with the MTT assay. Results showed that dicrotophos did not show any cytotoxicity to CHO-K1 cells, whereas it was cytotoxic to HepG2 cells incubated for 24 h but not for 2 h. For genotoxicity of dicrotophos, a significant change in the numbers of bacterial reveratnts using Salmomella typhimurium TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA1535 as the tester strains, an increase in the frequencies of chromosome aberration in CHO-K1 cells, and an induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells were observed, indicating that dicrotophos was genotoxic in these three performed assays. From this study, we provide further evidence towards of genotoxic effects of dicrotophos.     

Influence of ferulic acid on nicotine-induced lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and inflammation in experimental rats as compared to N-acetylcysteine

We examined the effect of ferulic acid (FA), a naturally occurring phenolic compound on lipid peroxidation and endogenous antioxidant status, DNA damage and inflammation in nicotine-administered Wistar rats. The effect of FA against nicotine toxicity was compared with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant. Lung toxicity was induced by subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dose of 2.5mg/kg body weight (5 days a week, for 22 weeks) and FA and NAC were given simultaneously by intragastric intubation for 22 weeks. Seventy two Wistar rats were divided into six groups: (i) control, (ii) nicotine, (iii) nicotine+FA (iv), nicotine+NAC, (v) FA and (vi) NAC. At the end of the experimental period, cellular damage was assessed by measuring the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in plasma, which were significantly elevated in nicotine-administered rats when compared with control group. Enhanced lipid peroxidation (evaluated by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides) was accompanied by a significant decrease in the endogenous antioxidant status viz., superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione in circulation, lung and liver of nicotine-treated rats when compared with control group. DNA single strand breaks (evaluated by comet assay) and frequency of micronuclei were significantly increased in peripheral blood of nicotine-treated rats when compared with control. Our Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and NF-kappaB in lung and liver of nicotine-treated rats. FA and NAC co-treated rats showed a significant decrease in the activities of circulatory lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, the levels of lipid peroxidative markers (in circulation, lung and liver), DNA single stranded breaks (comet parameters), micronuclei frequency (in the whole blood) and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and Nf-kappaB (in lung and liver tissues), and significant increase in antioxidant status (in circulation, lung and liver). The protection of FA against nicotine-induced toxicity was merely equal to the effect of NAC. FA and NAC treatment alone did not produce any damage to control rats. Thus, we propose that FA exerts protective effect against nicotine toxicity by modulating the lipid peroxidation, inflammation, DNA damage and endogenous antioxidant status.     

Effect of size and shape on toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The multi-industrial applications of zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO NMs) lead to increasing exposure to humans. Though the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) toxicity had been evaluated previously, toxicity of other forms of ZnO nanomaterials has not been evaluated. In this study, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of four different types of ZnO NMs were evaluated using human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL). In addition, the effect of anti-oxidants on ZnO NMs induced toxicity was also evaluated. Our results suggest that, size and shape of the nanomaterials have profound effects on their toxicity. The NPs and nanorods (NRs) possessed higher level of oxidative potential and ROS generation capacity than microparticles (MPs) and microrods (MRs). In contrast, MPs and MRs possessed higher level of lipid peroxidation capacity. The smaller NPs are more genotoxic while larger MPs and MRs were more cytotoxic in nature. Treatment with vitamin C or Quercetin significantly reduces the genotoxicity associated with ZnO NMs. The influence of size and shape in mediating NMs toxicity should be taken into account and the possible supplementation of anti-oxidants might mitigate the toxicity.     

Phytochemical investigation and radical scavenging activities of Melia azedarach and its DNA protective effect in cultured lymphocytes

Abstract

Context: Melia azedarach Linn (Meliaceae) is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant which is native to India. It is traditionally used for the treatment of leprosy, inflammation, scrofula, anthelmintic, antilithic, diuretic, deobstruent and cardiac disorders.

Objective: To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of the ethanol leaf extract of Melia azedarach (MA) and its protective effect against H₂O₂-induced cellular damage in cultured lymphocytes.

Materials and methods: The dose-dependent study of MA (20, 40, 60, 80, 100?µg/ml) was used to study in vitro radical scavenging assays. The effective dose of MA (60?µg/ml) was further used to study the H₂O₂-induced DNA damage (comet assay and DNA fragmentation assay) in cultured lymphocytes.

Results: The ethanol extract of MA (20, 40, 60, 80, 100?µg/ml) exhibited a significant dose-dependent inhibition of in vitro radical scavenging assays and their corresponding IC₅₀ values as follows: hydroxyl radical (26.50?±?0.26?µg/ml), superoxide anion (30.00?±?0.32?µg/ml), nitric oxide radical (48.00?±?0.48?µg/ml), DPPH radical (30.55?±?0.32?µg/ml) and reducing power (22.00?±?0.22?µg/ml). The increase in the severity of DNA damage and TBARS was increased significantly (p?<?0.05) at 500?µM H₂O₂-treated cultured lymphocytes and RBC cellular membranes. The phytochemical screening studies identified 13 chemical constituents present in the leaf extract of MA.

Discussion and conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that MA offers protection against H₂O₂-induced cellular damage and it can be developed as an effective antioxidant during oxidative stress.     

胸腺和性激素对大鼠肝脏脂质过氧化的调节作用(英文)

本文应用成年去胸腺或去性腺Wistar大鼠研究了胸腺对肝脏脂质过氧化(LPO)的影响及其与性激素有关的中间途径,结果表明,雌性成年去胸腺(ATx)大鼠肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)含量增高,但雄性ATx大鼠肝脏MDA无明显变化;同时雌性ATx大鼠血浆雌二醇水平下降,雄性ATx大鼠血浆睾酮浓度降低,雌性大鼠卵巢切除术后肝脏MDA的变化与胸腺切除术后的变化相似,给予雌二醇可逆转去卵巢大鼠肝脏MDA的增高,在雄性大鼠中,无论是切除睾丸还是睾丸切除后补充睾酮对肝脏MDA均无明显影响,此外,给雌性ATx大鼠注射雌二醇可逆转其肝脏MDA的增高,这些结果提示胸腺在调节雌性大鼠肝脏抗氧化功能中起着重要作用,这种作用可能通过雌激素介导,因此我们设想在体内可能存在:胸腺-雌激素-肝脏通路”,它参与对肝脏抗氧化功能的调节。     

Effects of methiocarb on lipid peroxidation and glutathione level in rat tissues

Methiocarb is an N-methylcarbamate insecticide used worldwide in agriculture and health programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of methiocarb to induce lipid peroxidation (LPO) in tissues of male Wistar rats following single and repeated oral exposures. Animals were divided into six different groups, and methiocarb was administered by orally at doses 25, 10, and 2?mg/kg body weight for 1, 5, and 28 days, respectively. Liver, kidney, brain, and testis tissues were taken from the rats for the biochemical examinations. LPO and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in the tissues. LPO was significantly increased in liver, kidney, brain, and testis after 1-, 5-, and 28-day treatments of methiocarb. GSH levels were significantly increased in the 1-day period and significantly decreased in the 5- and 28-day periods in all tissues after methiocarb administration. It is concluded that methiocarb may induce LPO and produce disturbances on the GSH levels in liver, kidney, testis, and brain of rats. This suggests that methiocarb-induced toxicity may be associated with oxidative stress to cellular membranes. Further studies are required to better understand the role of oxidative stress on methiocarb-induced toxicity.     

异莲心碱对大鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化的影响

目的:研究异莲心碱(isoliensinine,IL)对大鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化的影响.方法:用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定异莲心碱对大鼠肝匀浆自氧化及Vit C-Fe2 系统诱导引起的脂质过氧化产物丙二醛的含量.结果:异莲心碱能显著抑制大鼠肝匀浆自氧化及Vit C-Fe2 系统诱导所产生MDA的含量,且呈现出一定的量效关系,达到50%抑制率所需药物浓度IC50分别为0.67 g·L-1和1.05 g·L-1.结论:异莲心碱具有显著的抗脂质过氧化作用.     

The impact of silica encapsulated cobalt zinc ferrite nanoparticles on DNA,lipids and proteins of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Nanomaterials are currently the subject of intense research due to their wide variety of potential applications in the biomedical, optical and electronic fields. We prepared and tested cobalt zinc ferrite nanoparticles (Co_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O_4+γ [CZF-NPs]) encapsulated by amorphous silica in order to find a safe contrast agent and magnetic label for tracking transplanted cells within an organism using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were labeled for 48?h with a low, medium or high dose of CZF-NPs (0.05; 0.11 or 0.55?mM); silica NPs (Si-NPs; 0.11?mM) served as a positive control. The internalization of NPs into cells was verified by transmission electron microscopy. Biological effects were analyzed at the end of exposure and after an additional 72?h of cell growth without NPs. Compared to untreated cells, Annexin V/Propidium Iodide labeling revealed no significant cytotoxicity for any group of treated cells and only a high dose of CZF-NPs slowed down cell proliferation and induced DNA damage, manifested as a significant increase of DNA-strand breaks and oxidized DNA bases. This was accompanied by high concentrations of 15-F_2t-isoprostane and carbonyl groups, demonstrating oxidative injury to lipids and proteins, respectively. No harmful effects were detected in cells exposed to the low dose of CZF-NPs. Nevertheless, the labeled cells still exhibited an adequate relaxation rate for MRI in repeated experiments and ICP-MS confirmed sufficient magnetic label concentrations inside the cells. The results suggest that the silica-coated CZF-NPs, when applied at a non-toxic dose, represent a promising contrast agent for cell labeling.     

琉璃苣油对脂质代谢和脂质过氧化的影响

在高脂饲料中加入６％的琉璃苣油饲喂Ｗｉｓｔａｒ♂大鼠３ｗｋ，其大鼠血清甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、ＴＣ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ增加值和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、高密度脂蛋白亚组分Ⅱ胆固醇（ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ）、ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ与高密度脂蛋白亚组分Ⅲ胆固醇ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ比值及卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶（ＬＣＡＴ）活性的下降显著低于单纯食猪油的高脂对照组，琉璃苣油组大鼠血清ＬＤＬ－Ｃ水平低于月见草油组。高脂摄入所致大鼠肝脂质和肝过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）水平增高，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性下降，琉璃苣油致肝脂质过氧化作用低于月见草油。     

Potential antioxidant activity of celecoxib and amtolmetin guacyl: in vitro studies

1. In vitro studies of the potential antioxidant activity of the selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib and the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug amtolmetin guacyl (AMG) were carried out. The study included experiments on the ability of these drugs to affect some indices of the oxidative stress [lipid peroxidation (LP), activity of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione (GSH) level] in rat stomach and colon mucosa and in liver. 2. Celecoxib and AMG did not change the activity of the enzymes GSH-peroxidase, oxidased glutathione (GSSG)-reductase and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase, as well as the GSH level in all tissue preparations. An increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and a tendency to a decreased Fe/ascorbic acid-induced LP in stomach and colon mucosa were found, but only in the presence of AMG. 3. In the liver, both celecoxib and AMG decreased spontaneous and Fe/ascorbic acid-induced LP. SOD activity was enhanced only in the presence of AMG. 4. Experiments aimed at studying celecoxib and AMG in free oxygen radical-generating systems were also carried out. AMG and tolmetin (the main metabolite of AMG) inhibited OH*-provoked deoxyribose degradation in a Fenton system. Celecoxib had no effect on free radicals when tested in the same system. 5. In conclusion, the results of the present in vitro studies suggest that AMG and celecoxib possess antioxidant and metal-chelating abilities, which might contribute to their beneficial effects.