2型糖尿病住院患者非酒精性脂肪性肝病与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的：探讨2型糖尿病住院患者非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法：入选141例2型糖尿病住院患者,根据B超检查结果分为NAFLD组和无NAFLD组,均接受双颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,测定其内中膜厚度（IMT）,观察有无斑块形成及管腔狭窄。结果：2型糖尿病合并NAFLD组颈动脉IMT增厚32例（占32.32%）,斑块形成51例（占51.51%）,管腔狭窄11例（占11.11%）;2型糖尿病无NAFLD组颈动脉IMT增厚12例（占28.57%）,斑块形成8例（占19.04%）,管腔狭窄0例,两组比较,差异有显著性（均P＆lt;0.01）。结论：2型糖尿病住院患者NAFLD与颈动脉粥样硬化关系密切,对已知2型糖尿病合并NAFLD患者尽早行多部位血管超声检查有重要意义。     

Mean platelet volume and its relationship with carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract

Background. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Mean platelet volume (MPV), a determinant of platelet activation, is an emerging risk factor for atherothrombosis.

Aims. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of MPV in subjects with NAFLD having no confounding factors for atherosclerosis such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. In addition, the possible relationship between MPV and carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT), a well known marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, was also studied.

Methods. MPV and CIMT levels were measured in 60 biopsy-proven NAFLD subjects and 54 healthy controls. Age and sex were similar between two groups.

Results. Body mass index and waist circumference levels were higher in the NAFLD group when compared to the controls. There were no differences between the two groups regarding LDL cholesterol levels, whereas HDL cholesterol levels were lower in the NAFLD group. MPV and CIMT levels were not different between the two groups. According to the correlation analyses, CIMT levels were positively correlated to age in patients with NAFLD. However, no significant correlation was found between MPV and CIMT levels.

Conclusions. The results of this study do not show any difference in MPV levels between subjects with NAFLD and controls. These finding suggests that in the absence of other metabolic risk factors, MPV might not be involved in the mechanism(s) of increased cardiovascular risk in NAFLD.     

Mean platelet volume and its relationship with carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Mean platelet volume (MPV), a determinant of platelet activation, is an emerging risk factor for atherothrombosis.

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of MPV in subjects with NAFLD having no confounding factors for atherosclerosis such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. In addition, the possible relationship between MPV and carotid artery intima media thickness (CIMT), a well known marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, was also studied.

Methods

MPV and CIMT levels were measured in 60 biopsy-proven NAFLD subjects and 54 healthy controls. Age and sex were similar between two groups.

Results

Body mass index and waist circumference levels were higher in the NAFLD group when compared to the controls. There were no differences between the two groups regarding LDL cholesterol levels, whereas HDL cholesterol levels were lower in the NAFLD group. MPV and CIMT levels were not different between the two groups. According to the correlation analyses, CIMT levels were positively correlated to age in patients with NAFLD. However, no significant correlation was found between MPV and CIMT levels.

Conclusions

The results of this study do not show any difference in MPV levels between subjects with NAFLD and controls. These finding suggests that in the absence of other metabolic risk factors, MPV might not be involved in the mechanism(s) of increased cardiovascular risk in NAFLD.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法采用病例对照研究的方法,选取疑诊冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病并拟行冠状动脉造影术的患者为研究对象,其中59例诊断为非酒精脂肪性肝病（Non—alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）的患者为病例组,另外4l例非NAFLD的患者为对照组。采用冠脉造影诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病,并评估冠状动脉粥样硬化的严重度,同时检测体重、身高等一般资料以及转氨酶、血脂、血糖等生化指标。结果NAFLD患者冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的患病率高于对照组。同时,NAFLD患者的冠状动脉粥样硬化严重度评分（Gensini积分）也高于对照组。结论NAFLD与冠状动脉粥样硬化具有密切关系。     

高尿酸血症与非酒精性脂肪性肝病及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系研究

目的探讨高尿酸血症（HUA）与非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）及颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）的关系。方法统计2806例健康体检人群NAFLD、HUA的检出率。根据肝脏超声检查结果将入选对象分为NAFLD组和非脂肪肝组,观察两组的血尿酸水平及CAS情况,NAFLD组中不同尿酸水平患者颈动脉内膜情况。结果NAFLD检出率为30.54%（857/2806）,HUA检出率为28.62%（803/2806）,两者男、女性检出率比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。30岁后各年龄段高尿酸水平人群的NAFLD检出率均明显高于正常尿酸人群（均P＜0.05）。NAFLD组HUA检出率（42.82%）、颈动脉内膜斑块检出率（20.19%）、颈动脉内膜增厚检出率（18.32%）均明显高于非脂肪肝组（22.37%、11.39%、13.03%）（均P＜0.05）,而NAFLD组中HUA者的颈动脉斑块检出率（24.25%）、颈动脉内膜增厚检出率（22.07%）均高于正常尿酸者（17.14%、15.51%）（均P＜0.05）。相关性分析显示,尿酸与BMI、SBP、DBP、TG、TC、LDL-C、ALT、AST及GGT均呈正相关（均P＜0.05）,与HDL-C呈负相关（P＜0.05）,尿酸为NAFLD的相关危险因素。结论HUA与NAFLD密切相关,两者与CAS可能存在相关性。     

Treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common and may progress to cirrhosis and its complications. The pathogenesis of steatosis and cellular injury is thought to be related mostly to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Therefore, management entails identification and treatment of metabolic risk factors, improving insulin sensitivity, and increasing antioxidant defences in the liver. Weight loss and exercise improve insulin sensitivity. Bariatric surgery may improve liver histology in patients with morbid obesity. Insulin sensitising drugs showed promise in pilot trials as have a number of hepatoprotective agents. Further randomised, well controlled trials are required to determine the efficacy of these drugs.     

Non-invasive tests of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

For the detection of steatosis, quantitative ultrasound imaging techniques have achieved great progress in past years. Magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction is currently the most accurate test to detect hepatic steatosis. Some blood biomarkers correlate with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, but the accuracy is modest. Regarding liver fibrosis, liver stiffness measurement by transient elastography (TE) has high accuracy and is widely used across the world. Magnetic resonance elasto...     

Primary non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in hypertensive patients

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver disease affecting 15–25% of the general population.

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD and the relationship between insulin sensitivity and NAFLD in grade III high and very high cardiovascular additional risk essential hypertensive patients according to the circadian blood pressure (BP) rhythm.

Method

This four-year prospective study was conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine at Cluj-Napoca’s Diagnosis and Treatment Centre in Romania. The study included grade III essential hypertensive patients. Hypertensive patients were divided into four groups according to the diurnal index (DI) from ABPM monitoring: dipper (D), non-dipper (ND), reverse-dipper (RD), and extreme-dipper (ED). All hypertensive patients underwent 24 ABPM, blood tests and abdominal ultrasonography for the diagnosis of fatty liver disease.

Results

Thirty-five hypertensive patients were included in the study, with 31.42% ND, 11.43% RD, 8.57% ED and 48.57% D. The prevalence of NAFLD was significantly higher in ND, RD and ED when compared to D. When compared to the dipper group of hypertensive patients a statistically significantly higher level of plasma insulin was observed: in non-dipper [86.3±17.9pmol/l vs. 62.2±203pmol/l, p<0.05], in reverse dipper [88.3±18.6pmol/l vs. 62.2±20.3pmol/l] and in extreme-dippers [86.7±16.88pmol/l vs. 62.2±20.3 pmol/l, p<0.05].

Conclusion

The altered dipping status (ND, RD, ED) of hypertension associated with a higher insulin resistance could be the pathogenetic link between the NAFLD and altered blood pressure status. Altered BP status could be a marker of NAFLD in hypertensive patients.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病机制的研究进展

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是指与过量饮酒无关的临床综合征,主要病理改变包括肝细胞弥漫性脂肪变性和脂肪堆积。NAFLD动物模型表现出显著的肝脏微循环障碍,关于其形成机制,被广为接受的为“二次打击”学说。该学说认为肥胖、胰岛素抵抗等因素作为“第一次打击”,导致肝脏中脂质堆积,形成单纯性脂肪肝,增加了“第二次打击”造成的肝脏损伤的易感性,这些因素包括炎症、枯否细胞功能障碍、氧化应激、线粒体障碍、脂肪因子调节紊乱等,导致非酒精性脂肪性肝炎甚至纤维化等更严重疾病的发生。     

非酒精性脂肪肝的发病机制和治疗

为进一步认识非酒精性脂肪肝（non—alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）的发病机制,寻求NAFLD临床最佳疗效依据,本文作者对近年来NAFLD的发病机制及治疗进行了归纳和分析整理,发现NAFLD与诸多因素有关,其中最为重要的是活性氧簇（reactive oxygen species,ROS）的产生,在两次打击中,以胰岛素抵抗为基础,Ros为中心环节,并在一系列相关因素如瘦素抵抗、caspase－3、Fas及其配体、外周血自然杀伤T细胞、环氧合酶2、代谢性核受体、肝细胞铁沉积、铁蛋白、结合珠蛋白、视黄醇结合蛋白4、肠道菌群失调、线粒体功能失调以及内质网压力的作用下,共同促进了NAFLD的进展。针对发病机制,临床治疗除常规改善胰岛素抵抗,抗氧化,改善脂质代谢外,还可采用核代谢配体或激活剂、铁螯合剂以及中医辨证论治方法。     

非酒精性脂肪肝的现代研究进展

非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)又被称为非酒精性脂肪肝(Non-alcoholic fatty liver),是一种多病因引起的以肝脏细胞内脂类物质异常蓄积为主要特征的临床病理综合征.近年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,其发病率也逐年升高.因此,NAFLD逐渐受到人们的重视.本文就NAFLD在流行病学特点、发病机制、临床治疗中的研究进展进行综述.     

内质网应激与非酒精性脂肪性肝病

经典的非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的发病机制是“二次打击”学说,但已不能完全解释由肝细胞脂质堆积发展为脂肪性肝炎、肝纤维化等NAFLD进程.近年来提出的“多次打击”学说强调了内质网应激(ERS)在NAFLD发生发展中的重要作用.内质网是细胞内蛋白质、脂质合成的主要场所,内质网功能失衡会引发ERS,造成肝脂质代谢紊乱和肝细胞凋亡,最终导致NAFLD的发生发展.本文综述了ERS及其与非酒精性肝脂质堆积、脂肪性肝炎和肝细胞凋亡的相关性研究进展.     

非酒精性脂肪肝与冠心病的相关性研究

目的探讨非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）与冠心病的相关性。方法采用回顾性横断面研究方法分析经腹部B超证实有或无脂肪肝且行冠脉造影检查的患者761例,探讨NAFLD人群中冠心病发病情况及NAFLD与冠心病的关系。结果对入选人群进行年龄分层后分析显示,30岁以上人群冠心病、高血压病、糖尿病发病率随年龄增加而增加,NAFLD发病率随年龄增加而降低。NAFLD组冠心病发病平均年龄较对照组提前。但Logistic回归分析显示,NAFLD与冠心病无明显相关,与年龄、体质量指数、三酰甘油、尿酸等显著相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论30岁以上人群中NAFLD的发病率随年龄增加而降低;合并NAFLD人群的冠心病发病年龄前移;但未发现NAFLD与冠心痛有明显相关性。     

非酒精性脂肪肝与动脉粥样硬化危险因素相关性调查

目的探讨新疆油田职工非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）患病率及其与动脉粥样硬化危险因素的相关性。方法选择2010年12月～2011年12月在明周石油医院进行职工体检者705人,询问病史、吸烟史等,监测血压,测量身高、体重,行腹部超声及血脂、血糖、肝肾功能等生化检查,将其分为NAFLD组及对照组,进行组间对比分析。结果705名入选者,检出NAFLD286例,检卅率为40．6％。NAFLD组患者血三酰甘油、胆固醇水平高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。NAFLD组合并高血压、糖尿病和糖耐量异常、超重、吸烟者的比例分别为34．3％、30．4％、39．2％、36．3％;对照组为15．5％、10．3％、12．4％、18．6％,两组差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。结论新疆油田职工NAFLD的患病率高于一般人群;NAFLD与动脉硬化有关。     

非酒精性脂肪肝病研究进展

非酒精性脂肪肝病(NAFLD)和非酒精性脂肪肝炎(NASH)的发生与肥胖、2型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗(IR)、脂代谢异常等有关。肝脏脂联素活性降低、脂联素受体-Ⅱ表达减少以及瘦素抵抗导致NAFLD。肝脏IR、反应氧族(ROS)产生增多以及抗氧化防御机制受损是NASH发生的中心环节。TNF-α、IL-6水平升高诱导IR和肝纤维化发生。减轻体重是预防肥胖者发生NAFLD的基本措施,细胞保护剂、抗氧化剂和降脂药物对NASH有一定治疗作用,噻唑脘二酮类(如罗格列酮)的临床治疗研究已取得可喜的疗效。今后有待进一步研制肝毒性小的能减轻肝脏脂肪蓄积和纤维化的药物。     

Spectrum of histological features in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an Important entity globally, including in India and other Asian countries. Morphological evaluation of a liver biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis, staging and possibly management of this disease. However, the spectrum of changes in the liver, their evolution, Interrelationships and implications are incompletely understood. We aimed to study the spectrum of histological abnormalities in NAFLD. METHODS: The study material was drawn from a pool of 80 liver biopsies diagnosed in our laboratory as NAFLD, 67 retrieved retrospectively from our records and 13 obtained prospectively with complete clinical data. After comprehensive histological assessment, a detailed analysis was done of 32 of those categorized as definitive NAFLD on the basis of a dependable history of no alcohol Intake and seronegativity for hepatitis virus B and C Infections. RESULTS: Fatty change was preferentially seen in acinar zones 2 and 3, more so in the former. Steatotic cells varied in size; some large ones were non-spherical. Steatosis alone was present in more than a quarter of the cases and steatosis along with inflammation was present in half. The magnitude of steatosis correlated with inflammation, while both these seemed to correlate with hepatocyte Injury and fibrosis. CONCLUSION: A proportion of patients with NAFLD show only hepatic steatosis. An Increasing grade of steatosis is associated with greater Inflammation, hepatocyte injury and acinar fibrosis. Preferential involvement of acinar zone 2 by steatosis, the morphology of the steatotic cells, and nature and location of inflammation are important in the diagnosis of NAFLD and its differentiation from other causes of fatty liver.     

非酒精性脂肪肝一例报道

将甲状腺功能减退视为非酒精性脂肪肝的致病因素。 非酒精性脂肪肝是常见慢性肝病,患病比例逐年上升（有报道为人群的30％～40％）,是肝功能异常的常见原因。非酒精性脂肪肝可引起一系列组织学改变,包括单纯的肝细胞脂肪变性和肝细胞脂肪坏死,伴有不同程度的肝细胞纤维化,可促进肝病的进展和并发症（肝功能衰竭和肝脏肿瘤）的发生。     

对非酒精性脂肪肝患者生活方式干预的效果评价

目的 评估生活方式干预对非酒精性脂肪肝患者的治疗效果。方法 对105名非酒精性脂肪肝患者实施生活方式干预,包括健康教育、饮食干预与运动干预。根据超声诊断标准,将脂肪肝分为轻、中、重度3组,其中轻度组64人,中度组35人,重度组6人,并采用氯化酶法检测患者的血脂指标包括甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）,12个月后复查超声及血脂指标,对其效果进行分析评估。结果 干预后,轻度组中有40人消除脂肪肝（P＜0.01）;中度组中有28人转变成轻度脂肪肝,有3人消除脂肪肝（P＜0.01）;重度脂肪肝中有3人转变成中度脂肪肝（P＜0.05）;干预后TG 、TC、 LDL较干预前降低（P＜0.05）。结论 对非酒精性脂肪肝患者进行生活方式干预,可降低脂肪肝的发病率,提高脂肪肝的逆转率。