Adhesion between glass fiber posts and resin cement: evaluation of bond strength after various pre-treatments

Purpose. To evaluate surface roughness and bond strength of glass fiber posts to a resin cement after various surface treatments. Materials and methods. Sixty individually formed glass fiber posts with a diameter of 1.5 mm and a length of 20 mm were used for this study. They were randomly assigned to six groups of pre-treatment (n = 10/group): Group C, untreated (control); Group SB, sandblasted; Group SC, silica coated; Group HF, hydrofluoric acid-etched; Group N, Nd:YAG laser irradiated; Group E, Er:YAG laser irradiated. Surface roughness of the posts was measured before and after pre-treatment. The posts were then bonded to resin cement and tensile bond strengths were determined in a universal testing machine. For statistical analysis, two-way ANOVA and post-hoc comparison tests (α = 0.05) were performed. Results. The highest bond strength value was observed in group HF, followed by group SC. There was a statistically significant difference in bond strength between group C and groups HF, SC and E (p < 0.001, p = 0.002 and p = 0.041, respectively). Posts of group SB and group N showed the highest surface roughness. Conclusions. The findings of the present study reveal that hydrofluoric acid-etching, silica coating and Er:YAG laser irradiation provided a significant increase in bond strength between glass fiber posts and resin cement.     

Evaluation of the surface roughness of zirconia ceramics after different surface treatments

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different mechanical surface treatments of pre-sintered zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) in an attempt to improve its bonding potential. Materials and methods. One hundred and twenty IPS e-max ZirCAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) pre-sintered zirconia blocks (7 mm diameter, 3 mm height) received six different surface treatments (n = 20): Group C was untreated (control); Group E was Er:YAG laser irradiated; Group N was Nd:YAG laser irradiated; Group SB was sandblasted, Group SN was sandblasted and Nd:YAG laser irradiated; and Group SE was sandblasted and Er:YAG laser irradiated. After the surface treatments, the average surface roughness (Ra, µm) of each specimen was determined with a profilometer, then all the specimens were sintered. The surface roughness values were analysed through one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Changes in the morphological characteristics of ZrO₂ were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results. Sintered sandblasted, Er:YAG laser treatment, sandblasted + Er:YAG laser and sandblasted + Nd:YAG laser irradiation resulted in a rougher surface than the other treatments. Conclusion. Nd:YAG laser irradiation alone was not effective in altering the zirconia surface morphology.     

Effects of dentin surface treatments including Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with different intensities on the push-out bond strength of the glass fiber posts to root dentin

Abstract

Objective. Intra-canal post systems are commonly used to restore root-filled teeth. Bond strengths of the posts can be affected by various surface treatments of the post or the dentin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dentin surface treatments including erbium-chromium; yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser irradiation with different intensities on the push-out bond strength of the glass fiber posts to root dentin. Materials and methods. Forty single-rooted human maxillary incisors were filled and post spaces were prepared. After these procedures, the specimens were divided randomly into four groups according to the dentin surface treatments, as follows: (i) untreated surface (control), (ii) 1W Er,Cr:YSGG laser application, (iii) 2W Er,Cr:YSGG laser application and (iv) 3W Er,Cr:YSGG laser application. Then the posts were cemented into the root canals using dual-cured resin cement. Bonded specimens were cut into 1-mm-thick slices and push-out tests were performed using a universal testing device. All specimens were loaded until fracture and the failure modes were evaluated with a stereomicroscope at 32× magnification. Representative specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, Tukey and Wilcoxon tests. Results. The bond strength values ranged from 3.22–4.68 MPa. There were no statistically significant differences among the groups, regardless of the different levels. The coronal and middle levels of the post space had significantly higher bond strength values compared with the apical level (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with different intensities did not increase the bond strength of the fiber posts to the root canal dentin walls.     

不同频率铒激光对氧化锆陶瓷粘接性能的影响

目的: 评价不同频率铒钇铝石榴石（erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet,Er:YAG）激光对氧化锆陶瓷粘接性能的影响。方法: 制作3 mm×3 mm×2 mm的钇稳定四方多晶氧化锆（yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals,Y-TZP）试件,随机分为6组,即空白对照组（C组）、喷砂组（SB组）和Er:YAG激光蚀刻组（A1-A4组）,频率分别为5、10、15和20 Hz,IPS e.max Press压铸陶瓷为B组,记录各组扫描电镜图像。将陶瓷试件粘接到牙试件上,37 ℃恒温水浴,保存24 h后进行剪切实验,随后在体视显微镜下观察各个试件的断裂模式。采用SPSS 26.0软件包对实验数据进行统计学分析。结果: 扫描电镜显示,不同频率的Er:YAG激光照射Y-TZP陶瓷后,与C组相比,Y-TZP陶瓷表面变得粗糙。剪切实验结果显示,B组剪切强度值最高,为（13.15±2.97） MPa;其次为SB组[（7.78±0.97） MPa]和A2组[（7.13±0.75） MPa],SB组与A2组相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。断裂模式结果显示,C组断裂模式以Y-TZP陶瓷与树脂粘接剂界面断裂为主,A1-A4组和SB组断裂模式大多为Y-TZP陶瓷与树脂粘接剂界面断裂,少部分为混合断裂和树脂粘接剂内聚断裂,B组断裂模式全部为混合断裂。结论: 10 Hz Er:YAG激光照射Y-TZP陶瓷可替代110 μm直径的Al₂O₃颗粒喷砂,用于Y-TZP陶瓷的表面改性,增加了Y-TZP陶瓷与树脂粘接剂的粘接强度。     

Effects of different surface pre-treatments on the bond strength of adhesive resin cement to quartz fiber post

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical and chemical surface treatment methods on the bond strength of resin cement to fiber post. Materials and methods. The roots of 36 maxillary central incisor teeth were mounted in auto polymerized acrylic resin blocks (10 × 15 mm) and the root canals were enlarged with the drills of post system (2.1 mm width, 12 mm length). Thirty-six fiber posts were randomly assigned to one of the following surface conditioning methods: silane coupling agent, methylene chloride etching, 24% hydrogen peroxide etching, air abrasion with 50 µm Al₂O₃, 1–3 µm synthetic diamond particles and silica coating with 30 µm SiO_x. Fiber posts were cemented to the root canals with adhesive resin cement (Panavia F 2.0). Three slices of 1.5 mm thick were obtained from each root. Push-out tests were performed with a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests (α = 0.05). The effect of the surface treatments were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and surface roughness were evaluated with a profilometer. Results. Surface pre-treatment methods affected the bond strength (p < 0.05). The highest bond strengths were obtained by air abrasion with synthetic diamond particles, the lowest bond strength were obtained by etching with methylene chloride (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Mechanical surface pre-treatment methods showed higher bond strength values than chemical methods. Synthetic diamond particles may be an alternative method to increase resin cement bonding on the quartz fiber post surfaces.     

The Effect of Laser Treatment on Bonding Between Zirconia Ceramic Surface and Resin Cement

Abstract

Objective. The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effects of different surface treatments and laser irradiation on the shear bond strength of resin cement to zirconia-based ceramic. Material and methods. Forty zirconia core specimens (10-mm diameter, 2-mm thickness) were produced and embedded in the centers of autopolymerizing acrylic resin blocks. Subsequently, specimens were randomly divided into four groups, each containing 10 specimens, for different surface treatment methods. The details of the groups are as follows: Group C, no treatment applied (control); Group SB, bonding surfaces of ceramic disks were airborne particle-abraded with 110-μm alumina oxide particles; Group HF, bonding surfaces of ceramic disks were etched with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid; and Group L, bonding surfaces of ceramic disks were irradiated by a CO₂ laser. A total of 40 composite resin disks were fabricated and cemented with an adhesive resin cement to the specimen surfaces. A universal test machine was used for the shear bond strength test at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Results. The highest shear bond strength values were obtained with Group L (20.99 ± 3.77 MPa) and the lowest values with Group C (13.39 ± 3.10 MPa). Although there was no significant difference between Groups C, HF and SB (P > 0.05), Group L showed a significant difference from all other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion. All surface treatment methods improved the bond strength between resin cement and the zirconium oxide ceramic surface. CO₂ laser etching may represent an effective method for conditioning zirconia surfaces, enhancing micromechanical retention and improving the bond strength of resin cement on zirconia ceramic.     

Influence of laser irradiation on the push-out bond strength between a glass fiber post and root dentin

Statement of problem

A major issue related to the failure of endodontically treated teeth restored with an intraradicular post is gradual debonding of the glass fiber post, resin cement, and dentin.

Er:YAG激光预处理对牙本质-全瓷粘结剪切强度影响的体外研究

目的研究Er:YAG激光预处理牙本质对牙本质与全瓷粘结剪切强度的影响,以期为Er:YAG激光在临床的应用提供参考。方法选择新鲜拔除的完整第三磨牙80颗,根据表面处理方法不同随机分为5组,每组颊面标记为ABCDE,舌面标记为abcde。A/a:Er:YAG激光光照+Optibond Versa/Adper Easy One组;B/b:Er:YAG激光光照+35%磷酸酸蚀+Optibond Solo Plus/Adper Single Bond 2组;C/c:Er:YAG光照能量密度15.73 J/cm~2/31.46 J/cm~2组;D/d:Optibond Versa/Adper Easy One粘结剂组;E/e:35%磷酸酸蚀+Optibond Solo Plus/Adper Single Bond 2组。计算机设计制作牙制作直径3 mm厚2 mm IPS e.max PressⅡ瓷块,常规粘结后制作剪切试件并测剪切粘结强度,电子显微镜下观察断裂类型。SPSS20.0统计学分析软件分别对实验数据进行单因素方差分析和χ~2检验,对实验数据进行两两比较。结果 Er:YAG激光光照与全酸蚀粘结剂联合组剪切强度(23.01±4.41/25.37±3.96)MPa,显著高于其他组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论不同厂家的全酸蚀粘结剂联合Er:YAG激光预处理牙面均能够有效提高牙本质与全瓷的粘接强度。     

Influence of Different Surface Pretreatments of Zirconium Dioxide Reinforced Lithium Disilicate Ceramics on the Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cement

AimTo analyze the influence of different surface pretreatments of zirconium dioxide reinforced lithium disilicate ceramics on the shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement.Materials and methodsEighty-four zirconium reinforced lithium disilicate disc Vita suprinity (Vita Zahnfabrick, Bad Säckingen, Germany) 14x12x2 mm specimens were fabricated according to the manufacturer''s recommendations. The specimens were embedded in acrylic resin blocks and randomly divided in seven groups (n=12/each) accorrding to the treatment: Group 1- 10% hydrofluoric acid; Group 2- silane; Group 3- hydrofluoric and silane; Group 4- sandblasting with silane; Group 5- Er: YAG laser+ silane; Group 6- Nd: YAG laser + silane; and the control group, in which the specimens were not treated. Round shape composite discs (Filtek Bulk fill, 3M ESPE, St.Paul, Minnesota, USA) with 3.5 mm diameter, were made for shear bond strength testing, and then cemented to the ceramic sample surface using composite cement (RelyX U200 Automix, 3M ESPE, Neuss, Germany). After cementing the composite disc on the sample, the samples were subjected to shear bond strength test of 10 N with a “stress rate” of 1 MPa / s. To determine the nature of the fracture (adhesive, cohesive or adhesive-cohesive), the broken samples were examined under a stereomicroscope. The ANOVA test and the Tukey test were used to compare the values ​​of the bond strength characteristics between different types of materials. All tests were performed with a significance level of α = 0.05.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the shear bond strength of self-adhesive cement to dental lithium-disilicate ceramics reinforced with zirconium dioxide after different preparation protocols (p<0, 05). The treatment of lithium disilicate ceramics reinforced with zirconium dioxide by silanization, sandblasting + silanization, Nd: YAG + silanization resulted in significantly higher bond strength compared to the control group. There was statistically higher bond strength of self-adhesive cement after pretreatment of lithium disilicate ceramics Nd: YAG + silanization compared to Er: YAG + silanization (p <0.05). Adhesive fracture dominated in the control group, sandblasting + silanization group, and in the laser groups, while mixed fracture dominated in other groups.ConclusionUnder the limitations of this study, the Nd:YAG irradiation with silanization could be used as pretreatment for providing greater shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement to zirconium reinforced lithium disilicate.     

Effect of different surface treatments on the shear and microtensile bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement to dentin

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and shear bond strength (SBS) of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to dentin. Materials and methods. Fifty-two extracted human molars were flattened to obtain dentin surfaces. For SBS assessment 40 teeth were divided into four groups according to their surface treatments (acid etching, Er:YAG laser QSP mode, Er:YAG laser MSP mode and control-SiC) (n = 10). A plastic cylinder was placed over the differently treated dentin surfaces and RMGIC was placed into the rings and polymerized. Twelve teeth were used for the μTBS test. The treated dentin surfaces described above were restored with 4 mm high RMGIC and light cured; then, the specimens were sectioned into serial sticks (n = 15) and μTBS and SBS were tested for failure in a testing machine with a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (α = 0.05). Results. Acid etching showed significantly higher SBS than the other groups (p < 0.05). Er:YAG QSP and MSP-treated groups showed higher SBS values than the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Er:YAG MSP showed the highest μTBS value followed by acid etching, whereas the control group exhibited the lowest value (p < 0.05) and the differences between the control group and Er:YAG QSP were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The application of Er:YAG MSP mode and acid etching to dentin can be used for improving the bond strength of RMGIC.     

激光表面处理对树脂粘接剂与Y-TZP陶瓷冠粘接强度的影响

目的：为评估不同的表面处理方式对树脂粘接剂和Y-TZP粘接强度的影响。方法：制作直径10mm,厚度0.7mm的盘状Y-TZP氧化锆试件60个,并在其表面上饰瓷,Vita VM9饰面瓷的厚度为1.5mm。所有试样分为6组,对照组不进行任何处理;涂层组-烧结前进行化学硅烷涂层（30-μm SiO2）;打磨组-烧结前使用50-μm Al2O3进行空气打磨;激光组-Er：YAG激光组,Nd：YAG激光组,CO2激光组。试样制作完成后将复合树脂粘接到陶瓷上。应用万能试验机测量全瓷修复体与树脂的平均剪切粘接强度（MPa）。使用one-wayANOVA对表面处理方法的影响进行统计学分析,通过Tukey HSD检验进行多重比较（α=0.05）。结果：各组的平均剪切粘接强度（MPa）分别：对照组=14.3±0.8;涂层组=14.9±0.9;打磨组=20.6±1.0;Er：YAG激光组=26.1±1.5;Nd：YAG激光组=27.2±1.3;CO2激光组=26.6±1.2。不同的表面处理方法对复合树脂与全瓷修复体的剪切粘接强度的影响六组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。激光组、打磨组与对照组间差异有统计学意义,涂层组与对照组间差异无统计学意义。结论：硅烷涂层处理不能提高复合树脂与Y-TZP间的剪切粘接强度。空气打磨和激光照射能提高复合树脂与Y-TZP间的剪切粘接强度。     

Bond strength of fiber posts after the application of erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment and gaseous ozone to the root canal

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of antibacterial agents (erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet [Er:YAG] laser or gaseous ozone) intended to disinfect root canals on bond strengths of fiber posts compared with canals that were finally irrigated using chlorhexidine (CHX). One hundred forty-four human anterior teeth were divided into three groups (n = 48); root canal instrumentation was performed, and antimicrobial pretreatment was conducted as follows: control group: CHX, group 2: Er:YAG laser, and group 3: gaseous ozone. In all groups, fiber posts were inserted using Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray, Osaka, Japan), Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), RelyX Unicem (3M Espe; Seefeld, Germany), or Ketac Cem (3M Espe) (n = 12 each). Push-out bond strengths to root canal dentin were affected by the type of luting agent but not by the antimicrobial pretreatment regimen. However, significant interactions between the luting agent and pretreatment could be observed, and adhesion of the self-adhesive resin cement RelyX Unicem was significantly reduced after using gaseous ozone.     

An In Vitro Evaluation of Effect of Ionizing Radiotherapy on Push-out Strength of Fiber Posts under Cyclic Loading

Ionizing radiotherapy has a deleterious effect on all vital cells and thus might affect the collagen fibril network of dentin and formation of hybrid layer of composite resins. The present study evaluated the effect of ionizing x-ray radiotherapy on push-out bond strength of fiber posts. Sixty mandibular premolar roots were divided into 4 groups: group I, control group with no irradiation, restored with a quartz fiber post system with cyclic loading; group II, samples were exposed to 60 Gy radiation dosage and than restored; group III, samples were restored and then irradiated; and group IV, samples were restored during irradiation. A push-out bond strength test was done. Radiotherapy significantly reduced the push-out bond strength of fiber posts. Patients undergoing ionizing radiotherapy might have a less than ideal prognosis of fiber posts luted with dual cure resin cement with total etch bonding system, if restorations are done after radiotherapy.     

Er:YAG激光不同能量预处理对自粘结树脂水门汀剪切粘结强度的影响

目的探讨Er:YAG激光不同能量预处理对自粘结树脂水门汀剪切粘结强度的影响。方法按照纳入标准收集人离体磨牙70颗,根据对牙本质表面Er:YAG激光预处理能量的不同随机分为7组:A组(空白对照)、B组(50 m J,10 Hz)、C组(100 m J,10 Hz)、D组(150 m J,10 Hz)、E组(200 m J,10 Hz)、F组(250 m J,10 Hz)、G组(300 m J,10 Hz)。每组10颗牙中随机取2颗切取3 mm厚的牙本质片,按相应分组用不同激光能量预处理后扫描电镜观察;每组剩余8颗牙包埋后,制备一致标准牙本质表面,按相应分组要求预处理后,用自粘结树脂水门汀Rely XTMUnicem将其与Everest ZS氧化锆瓷片粘结,24 h后测试各组剪切粘结强度并进行统计学分析。结果扫描电镜观察显示Er:YAG激光预处理后牙本质表面形态改变明显,变得粗糙不平,牙本质小管开放,无玷污层,管周和管间牙本质脱矿,一定能量范围内呈现较好的粘结表面;剪切粘结强度结果显示Er:YAG激光预处理可增强自粘结树脂水门汀Rely XTMUnicem的剪切粘结强度(P<0.01);C、D、E组的剪切粘结强度与A组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论粘结强度与牙本质的粘结表面密切相关,合适能量下的Er:YAG激光预处理能获得较好的牙本质粘结表面,提高自粘结树脂与牙本质和氧化锆瓷的剪切粘结强度。     

Effects of different surface pre-treatments on the bond strength of adhesive resin cement to quartz fiber post

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical and chemical surface treatment methods on the bond strength of resin cement to fiber post. Materials and methods. The roots of 36 maxillary central incisor teeth were mounted in auto polymerized acrylic resin blocks (10 × 15 mm) and the root canals were enlarged with the drills of post system (2.1 mm width, 12 mm length). Thirty-six fiber posts were randomly assigned to one of the following surface conditioning methods: silane coupling agent, methylene chloride etching, 24% hydrogen peroxide etching, air abrasion with 50 μm Al(2)O(3), 1-3 μm synthetic diamond particles and silica coating with 30 μm SiO(x). Fiber posts were cemented to the root canals with adhesive resin cement (Panavia F 2.0). Three slices of 1.5 mm thick were obtained from each root. Push-out tests were performed with a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests (α = 0.05). The effect of the surface treatments were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and surface roughness were evaluated with a profilometer. Results. Surface pre-treatment methods affected the bond strength (p < 0.05). The highest bond strengths were obtained by air abrasion with synthetic diamond particles, the lowest bond strength were obtained by etching with methylene chloride (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Mechanical surface pre-treatment methods showed higher bond strength values than chemical methods. Synthetic diamond particles may be an alternative method to increase resin cement bonding on the quartz fiber post surfaces.     

不同参数激光处理根管对纤维桩粘结强度影响的实验研究

目的:研究不同参数Er:YAG激光处理根管壁牙本质对纤维桩粘结强度的影响,为激光临床应用提供参考。方法:收集60颗人类上颌中切牙,根据不同处理方法随机分为5组;空白对照组;3 W-50 μs Er:YAG激光组;3 W-100 μs Er:YAG 激光组;4.5 W-50 μs Er:YAG激光组;4.5 W-100 μs Er:YAG激光组,每组12颗。离体牙根管预备,充填,桩道预备后,Bisco树脂加强型纤维桩通过RelyX^TM Unicem粘结树脂水门汀粘固于根管内。流水状态下慢速锯将纤维桩外周平行片切,再垂直粘结面片于试件1 mm、4 mm、7 mm处切成三段1.0 mm×1.0 mm的长方形柱状试件,进行微拉伸强度测试。不同根管处理方法与牙根不同区域微拉伸强度均数采用两因素方差分析(α=0.05)。电镜下进行断裂类型分析,组件不同类型断裂率采用χ²检验(α=0.05)。 结果:3 W10-100 μs Er:YAG组拉伸强度值最高(5.55±0.97) MPa,与对照组(4.06±1.22) MPa相比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05) 。根管上部和中部粘结强度高于根管下部,差异有显著性(P＜0.05)。结论:Er:YAG激光处理牙本质表面对其与纤维桩粘结强度的影响与激光功率大小和脉冲持续时间有关,3 W-100 μs Er:YAG激光处理表面可以显著增强纤维桩与根管牙本质的粘结强度。     

UV irradiation improves the bond strength of resin cement to fiber posts

The purpose is to evaluate the effect of UV irradiation on the bond strength between epoxy-based glass fiber posts and resin cement. Twelve epoxy-based glass fiber posts were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (Cont.): No surface treatment. Group 2 (Low-UV): UV irradiation was conducted from a distance of 10 cm for 10 min. Group 3 (High-UV): UV irradiation was conducted from a distance of 1 cm for 3 min. A resin cement (CLEARFIL SA LUTING) was used for the post cementation to form resin slabs which contained fiber posts in the center. Microtensile bond strengths were tested and the mean bond strengths (MPa) were 18.81 for Cont. group, 23.65 for Low-UV group, 34.75 for High-UV group. UV irradiation had a significant effect on the bond strength (p<0.05). UV irradiation demonstrates its capability to improve the bond strength between epoxy-based glass fiber posts and resin cement.     

不同表面处理对氧化锆陶瓷与牙本质粘接强度的影响

目的 比较喷砂、激光等不同机械处理对氧化锆陶瓷与牙本质粘接强度的影响.方法 制备4 mm×4 mm×6 mm尺寸的长方体瓷块80件,按空白对照及喷砂、Er:YAG激光、Nd:YAG激光、飞秒激光等不同表面处理方式随机分成5组(A～E组,n=16).使用扫描电镜观察表面形貌,轮廓仪测量粗糙度.用树脂粘接剂将瓷块与制备好的...     

Effectiveness of an Er:YAG laser in etching the enamel surface for orthodontic bracket retention

The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of an Er:YAG laser in etching the enamel surface for orthodontic treatment. Bovine incisors were either acid-etched or laser-treated. An orthodontic bracket was attached on each treated surface using one-step dentin adhesive and self-curing resin. Tensile bond strength was then evaluated. In addition, the surface morphology of specimens treated with phosphoric acid/laser and self-etching primer, as well as the cross-section of enamel-primer-resin interfaces, were observed. One-Up Bond F-treated specimens after Er:YAG laser ablation showed statistically similar tensile bond strength (9.9 +/- 1.3 MPa) to that of phosphoric acid-etched specimens (11.8 +/- 1.7 MPa). Surface roughness and thickness of the enamel-primer-resin interfaces did not much affect the tensile bond strength of the tested specimens. In conclusion, Er:YAG laser ablation achieved clinically acceptable level of tensile bond strength when used with One-Up Bond F.     

The effect of fusion sputtering surface treatment on microshear bond strength of zirconia and MDP-containing resin cement

PurposeThe aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of fusion sputtering surface treatment on the microshear bond strength of zirconia and self-adhesive MDP-containing resin cement.MaterialsThirty-six zirconia discs received one of the following treatments: fusion sputtering, airborne particle abrasion with 50-μm aluminum oxide particles, while as-sintered specimens served as a control. Four treated zirconia samples from each group were examined using 3D laser scanning microscope to assess the surface roughness and scanning electron microscope to study the surface topography. The specimens of each group were bonded to composite micro discs using MDP-containing self-adhesive resin cement (Panavia SA cement plus). The specimens were thermocycled for 5000 cycles between 5 and 55 °C. Microshear bond strength test was performed using universal testing machine until bonding failure. Failure modes and fracture surfaces was evaluated using scanning electron microscope.ResultsThe fusion sputtering surface treatment significantly influenced zirconia-resin bond strength (p < 0.001). The highest mean microshear bond strength value was observed in fusion sputtering treatment (23.18 ± 4.38). The lowest value was observed in as-sintered zirconia surfaces (7.23 ± 6.26).SignificanceFusion sputtering surface treatment enhanced the microshear bond strength of zirconia and resin cement.