Cardiac troponin: a new serum marker of myocardial injury in sepsis

Objective: Echocardiogram-derived left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is usually utilized to evaluate left ventricular function, including that of septic patients. However, LVEF is greatly influenced by afterload. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that troponin I, a serum marker of myocardial injury, may be able to detect left ventricular involvement by the septic process, being at least as sensitive an indicator of left ventricular dysfunction as LVEF in these patients.¶Design: Comparison of echocardiogram-derived LVEF with serum levels of troponin I in ten critically ill septic patients.¶Setting: General intensive care unit in a tertiary care private hospital.¶Patients: Ten critically ill septic patients with no previous documented heart disease.¶Measurements and results: Patients were simultaneously submitted to a two-dimensional echocardiogram and troponin I determinations. LVEFs and troponin I levels were analyzed in a two-by-two table in order to validate troponin I as a new biochemical marker of myocardial injury in sepsis. All the patients whose LVEF was < 0.5 had elevated troponin I levels (kappa = 0.61, p = 0.035).¶Conclusions: Identification of myocardial dysfunction in septic patients has been a challenging task. Troponin I, a serum marker of myocardial injury, may be of great help in the recognition of myocardial involvement by sepsis in a noninvasive and readily available way.     

危重病患者心肌肌钙蛋白I测定的临床意义

目的 探讨危重病患者隐匿性心肌损伤的发生率以及心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)在评价危重病患者预后中的作用。方法 通过检测159例危重病患者血清cTnI的水平,利用回顾性双盲的单中心研究方法,分析危重病(呼吸衰竭、脑血管意外、心力衰竭等)患者cTnI与心肌损伤、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间和死亡率的关系。结果 在159例危重病患者中有34例(21.4％)患者存在cTnI的升高,但34例患者中只有9例(26.5％)被诊断存在心肌梗死,有25例患者并未发现有明显的心肌损伤。cTnI升高患者的死亡率远远高于cTnI未升高的患者(41.2％vs 16.0％),机械通气的发生率(58.8％vs 23.2％)和持续时间(7.9 vs 3.1 d)也大大增加,ICU住院时间也明显延长(10.8 vs 4.3 d)。结论cTnI水平的升高表明危重病患者中并发心肌损伤和功能失调的发生率很高,特别是许多心电图正常的隐匿性心肌损伤。cTnI作为心肌损伤的特异性标志物,在评价危重病患者的预后中也发挥重要作用。特别cTnI水平升高患者的死亡率、心肌损伤、机械通气的发生率、ICU住院时间等方面都明显增加。     

血清心肌肌钙蛋白对心肌损伤的临床诊断价值

目的　探讨定量分析肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)对心肌损伤程度评价的临床意义。方法　对80例心肌梗死患[急性心肌梗死(AMI)50例、陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)30例]、100例心脏手术患、60例非心脏手术患和20例健康人进行了血清cTnT、cTnI、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK—MB)和肌酸激酶(CK)检测。结果　(1)血清cTnT、cTnI、CK—MB和CK检测心肌损伤的敏感度和特异性分别为cTnT(72.4％，100.0％)、cTnI(81.8％，100.0％)，CK—MB(54.6％，87.5％)和CK(64.8％，62.2％)。(2)AMI和心脏手术组cTnT、cTnI、CK—MB和CK四项指标浓度均显高于正常对照组(P＜0.01)。(3)急性心肌梗死组、心脏手术组3h内cTnT和cTnI阳性检出率分别为(50％，56％)和(44％，45％)，明显高于CK—MB(24％，22％)和CK(20％，28％)；急性心肌梗死组、心脏手术组5d后cTnT和cTnI阳性检出率为(70％，66％)和(66％，61％)，而CK—MB仅为(4％，6％)，CK仅为(8％，10％)。结论　血清cTnT、cTnI能确切反映急性心肌梗死、心脏手术等心肌损伤程度，具有较宽的诊断窗口时间，是心肌损伤较敏感和特异的血清标志物。     

两种血液净化方式对重度急性有机磷中毒患者心肌损伤疗效的比较

目的：比较单独血液灌流与血液灌流联合连续性静脉-静脉血液滤过（序贯血液净化）对重度急性有机磷中毒患者心肌损伤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2013年12月收入北京朝阳医院急诊重症监护病房的重度急性有机磷中毒伴心肌损伤的患者80例,接入院时间分为两组：单独血液灌流组（2004年1月至2008年12月期间的患者, n＝41）和序贯血液净化组（2009年1月至2013年12月期间的患者, n＝39）。比较两组患者平均血胆碱酯酶活性恢复时间、平均昏迷时间、阿托品人均用量以及平均住院天数,血液净化对重度急性有机磷中毒患者心肌损伤的疗效,包括入院第1、2、3、5、7天心肌肌钙蛋白I的变化和入院24 h内与血液净化治疗结束后24 h内左心室射血分数的变化。结果序贯血液净化组患者平均血胆碱酯酶活性恢复时间、平均昏迷时间、阿托品人均用量及平均住院时间均显著少于单独血液灌流组患者[（87.6±8.8） h vs．（113.8±13.3） h;（57.3±11.7） h vs．（100.5±10.8） h;（284.5±61.4） mg vs．（476.6±93.1） mg;（10.2±2.3） d vs．（14.6±3.9） d,均P＜0.01];序贯血液净化组患者的入院第2、3、5和7天心肌肌钙蛋白I以及血液净化治疗结束后24 h内左心室射血分数均显著低于单独血液灌流组（均P＜0.05）。结论序贯性血液净化对重度急性有机磷中毒患者心肌损伤的疗效优于单独血液灌流,可作为存在心肌损伤的重度急性有机磷中毒患者的首选血液净化方式。     

心肌损伤标志物联合检测在急性心肌梗死早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨心肌损伤标志物血清缺血修饰蛋白(IMA)、肌红蛋白(Mb)和正常对照组肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)联合检测在急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期诊断中的临床应用价值。 方法选择2015年1月至2017年12月于高唐县人民医院急诊科、心内科就诊且确诊为AMI的115例患者作为研究组,50例健康体检者作为正常对照组,测定研究组患者入院0.5 h、6 h、12 h后及正常对照组血清IMA、Mb和cTnI水平,并进行统计学分析,比较血清IMA、Mb和cTnI对AMI早期诊断的敏感度、特异度、准确度。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)比较各指标在AMI早期诊断中的价值。 结果在患者入院0.5 h、6 h、12 h后,研究组血清IMA水平[(128.35±13.53)U/ml,(104.27±11.64)U/ml,(84.73±6.97)U/ml]、Mb水平[(161.83±15.64)μg/L,(311.44±40.92)μg/L,(470.45±46.81)μg/L],cTnI水平[(0.31±0.05)μg/L,(12.56±2.73)μg/L,(74.84±6.37)μg/L],与对照组血清IMA、Mb和cTnI水平[(32.34±3.57)U/ml,(51.47±8.53)μg/L,(0.27±0.03)μg/L]比较,均差异有统计学意义(F＝65.42,52.21,67.46;均P<0.01)。在患者入院12 h后,IMA、Mb和cTnI诊断AMI的敏感度分别为80.58%、86.65%、59.63%,特异度分别为45.14%、34.57%、88.32%,准确度分别为72.81%、75.48%、89.56%;IMA＋Mb＋cTnI联合检测的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为74.34%、91.56%、92.69%。IMA、Mb、cTnI单项检测及IMA＋Mb＋cTnI联合检测诊断AMI的ROC曲线AUC分别为0.618,0.582,0.822,0.914,IMA＋Mb＋cTnI的AUC最大,具有较高的诊断效能,优于IMA、Mb和cTnI单项检测。 结论心肌损伤标志物IMA、Mb和cTnI的联合检测,可为AMI的早期诊断提供更好的参考依据,对早期排除和确定诊断AMI有重要的临床应用价值。     

三种心肌损伤标志物对急性心肌梗死的诊断效率评价

目的 探讨心肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）、肌红蛋白（Myo）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）单项和联合检测诊断急性心肌梗死（AMI）的敏感性和特异性。方法 分别采取患者发病后2、4、8小时静脉血,采用美国BECKMAN公司180SE ACCESS微粒子全自动化学发光分析仪及配套试剂,24h全天候开机,在1h内完成3项指标的检测。结果 在发病后2小时,只有Myo的敏感性达到45．36％。发病后4小时,Myo、cTnⅠ和CK-MB敏感性分别为89．81％、48．46％和53．92％。cTnⅠ＋Myo和cTnⅠ＋CK-MB的特异性分别为83．89％和85．27％。发病后8小时,cTnⅠ、Myo和CK-MB敏感性均达到100．00％,特异性从高到低依次为cTnⅠ＋Myo＋CK-MB（100．00％）〉cTnⅠ＋CK-MB〉cTnⅠ＋Myo〉Myo＋CK-MB〉cTnⅠ〉CK-MB〉Myo（76．35％）。结论 cTnⅠ、Myo、CK-MB单项和多项联合检测能很好地诊断AMI,但不同时间段各项指标的敏感性和特异性差别较大,临床应连续采血检测才能提高诊断率和制定最佳治疗方案。     

血液透析灌流抢救92例重度有机磷中毒临床疗效研究

目的 探讨血液透析灌流(HDP)治疗重度有机磷农药中毒的临床疗效。方法 184例重度有机磷中毒患者随机分为HDP组和对照组。HDP组在综合治疗的基础上,同时予以HDP治疗。通过观察阿托品用量、清醒时间、病死率、胆碱酯酶活力(ChE)4项指标来判断HDP的疗效。结果 HDP组病死率4.35％,明显低于对照组19.56％(P<0.01)。HDP组的阿托品用量及清醒时间均低于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗7天后HDP组的ChE明显高于对照组(P相似文献   

Release kinetics of serum cardiac troponin i in ischemic myocardial injury

Objectives: The study was undertaken to evaluate the release kinetics of cardiac troponin I (c-cTn-I) in ischemic myocardial injury.

Design and Methods: The reference range for cTn-I was established by determination of cTn-I in sera and plasma obtained from 622 healthy volunteers (Group 1). cTn-I was compared to: (a) Creatine kinase (CK) MB mass and myoglobin in 12 patients with severe skeletal muscle damage (Group 2); (b) CK-MB activity in 48 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) receiving intravenous thrombolysis (Group 3) (in this group, an additional 43 patients with MI were analyzed separately to characterize cTn-I patterns in thrombolyzed and nonthrombolyzed populations); and in 44 patients with unstable angina (Group 4).

Results: In Groups 1 and 2, no positive results (0.1 μg/L) were obtained. In Group 3, the time-courses of cTn-I were mostly monophasic in form. A pathologic increase occurred earlier in cTn-I than in CK-MB activity (p = 0.0002); the period with increased cTn-I was longer (p = 0.001), the overall sensitivity of cTn-I (93.9%) was higher than that of CK-MB activity (p = 0.00001). cTn-I was more sensitive at admission (p = 0.0004). In additional patients, the cTn-I peak occurred and cTn-I disappeared significantly later in nonthrombolyzed than in the thrombolyzed group. In Group 4, positive tests results were detected in 45% of patients for cTn-I, 16% for CK-MB activity, and 32% for CK-MB mass.

Conclusions: The cTn-I assay appears to be ideally suited for the detection of ischemic myocardial injury in complex clinical situations because of its high specificity; cTn-I indicates myocardial tissue damage in patients with unstable angina and is superior to CK-MB activity and mass in this respect.     

急性敌敌畏中毒大鼠的早期心肌损伤

目的 研究急性敌敌畏(dichlorvos,DDVP)中毒导致的早期心肌损伤表现.方法 Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠24只,随机(随机数字法)分成对照组和中毒组两组,每组12只.采用右侧颈动脉置管术动态监测有创血流动力学指标;测定血清肌钙蛋白T(cardiac troponin T,CTnT)和心房利钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平;观察心肌组织病理学改变.结果 ①中毒组自身前后对照:中毒1 h内,心率(heart rate,HR)和室内压上升段最大变化率(maximum ascending rates of left ventricular pressure,+dp/dtmax)均有显著下降;室内压下降段最大变化率(maximum descending rates of left ventricular pressure,-dp/dtmax),左室舒张末压(1eft ventricular end diastolic pressure,LVEDP)有显著升高(P＜0.01).其中均以7 min时改变最显著.②中毒组与对照组比,血清CTnT值显著升高(P＜0.01),血清BNP值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).③中毒组心肌HE染色存在病理学损害.结论 急性有机磷中毒(acute organophosphorus pesticides poisoning,AOPP)其早期可导致大鼠心肌损伤,血流动力学紊乱,心功能受抑.CTnT可作为早期评价AOPP心肌损伤的指标,而BNP在AOPP诊治中的意义不大.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the myocardial injury in the early stage of acute dichlorvos poisoning in rats. Method A total of 24 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly (random number) divided into control group(n = 12) and poisoning group(n = 12). Hemodynamic variables were monitored by using an arterial cannula inserted into right arteria carotis communis. Serum levels of cardiac troponin T(CTnT) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured. Myocardial tissue was observed with HE stain under microscope. Results The rats of poisoning group showed that the heart rate (HR) and maximum ascending rates of left ventricular pressure(+ dp/dtmax)were significant decreased in an hour after poisoning (P ＜0.01). The maximum descending rates of left ventricular pressure(-dp/dtmax)and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP)were markedly increased (P＜0. 01) and reached peak in 7 minutes in the poisoning group. Compared with the control group, cardiac troponin T obviously changed in rats poisoned with dichlorvos in the first hour. BNP was not affected after poisoning(P ＞ 0. 05). Myocardial damage was found in the poisoning rats.Conclusions Myocardial injury and heart failure occurred in the early stage of acute organophosphorus pesticides poisoning(AOPP) in rats. CTnT could play a major role in AOPP while BNP might not be involved in.     

有机磷中毒家兔脑干损伤的病理机制探讨

目的　探讨有机磷 (OP)中毒家兔脑干损伤的病理机制。方法 :2 4只青紫蓝家兔分 4组 :敌百虫 (1 0LD ,1 1 1 2 0mg/Kg)组 ,久效磷 (1 0LD ,2 2 2 4mg/Kg)组 ,甲基对硫磷 (1 0LD ,74 1 0mg/kg)组和正常对照组 ,每组 6只。中毒 6、 2 4h各取脑干组织用于组织病理学观察及制备组织匀浆。用酶抑制法测脑干组织游离有机磷毒质 (FOP)含量 ,用放射免疫法测组织中肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF -α)、白细胞介素 1 β (IL 1 β)及血栓素B2 (TXB2 )含量。结果　中毒后 6、 2 4h脑干组织出现严重的病理损伤 ,可见脑干组织水肿、出血 ,神经细胞变性坏死 ,形成鬼影细胞 ,并见神经纤维脱髓鞘改变。同时 3种OP在脑干组织中可检出不同浓度的FOP。中毒后 6h ,脑干TXB2 含量高于正常 (t =3 984 3,P <0 0 1 ) ,2 4h与 6h比较差异有显著性 (t =2 5 4 32 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;TNF α、IL 1 β在各时相与正常比较差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　重度有机磷中毒可致动物脑干组织出现严重的病理损伤 ,除中毒酶机制以外 ,FOP和TXA2 在脑干损伤中具有重要作用     

Quality specifications for biochemical markers of myocardial injury

BACKGROUND: The current approach to the diagnosis and monitoring of myocardial damage, recognizes to biochemical markers, and in particular to troponins, a key role being well demonstrated that all elevated values were associated with a worsened prognosis. In 2001, the IFCC Committee on Standardization of Markers of Cardiac Damage published guidelines addressing the quality specifications for troponin assays in order to guarantee an analytical performance satisfying medical requirements and to standardize the quality of commercial methods. We describe how the application of quality specifications may be useful in daily practice, in order to provide advice to clinicians in the investigations of complex clinical cases of patients suffering from myocardial damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples from three patients (cases 1-3) admitted to the hospital with symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease, showing high troponin I (cTnI) values not correlated with clinical condition, were investigated in order to verify the accuracy of the laboratory data. The standard of quality specifications related to assay specificity, imprecision and interferences were evaluated using different platforms for cTnI assays, carrying out imprecision profile and specific studies on more common interferents in immunoassays. RESULTS: The obtained results allow us to demonstrate two cases of false-positive cTnI values attributable to a macrocomplex between a modified "in vivo" cTnI and immunoglobulin G (case 1) and to a presence of heterophilic antibodies affecting the RxL Dimension procedure (case 3). Instead, the accuracy of data obtained in case 2 was evidenced by the imprecision profile obtained in our laboratory and by the comparison of results between different laboratories using same platform. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of standardization as well as the wide differences in the development of each assay give rise to major concerns regarding cTnI determinations. The laboratory must therefore check the compliance between the analytical characteristics of the method utilised against recommended quality specifications for a reliable understanding of the frequency of false-positive results as well as other serious analytical errors.     

心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ与肌酸激酶同工酶在儿童心肌损害诊断中的比较

目的:了解各病理状况对心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的影响,并比较其诊断价值。方法:对4组儿童进行血清cTnI、CK-MB测定。A组为健康儿童54例;B组为一般状况可的非心血管疾病患儿53例;C组为病情稳定的先天性心脏病患儿12例;D组为急性心肌炎患儿14例。结果:A组cTnI值均<0.25"g/mL,各年龄组之间差异无显著性,CK-MB升高1例(1.9%)。A、B、C组cTnI值之间差异无显著性。B组cTnI升高1例(1.9%),CK-MB升高9例(16.9%);C组cTnI均不升高,CK-MB升高1例(8.3%);D组cTnI升高11例(78.6%),平均值较A组显著增高(P<0.01)。结论:cTnI可用来诊断儿童心肌损害,无心血管系统受累的患儿cTnI值不升高,心血管系统以外的疾病可影响CK-MB值。     

52例有机磷农药急性中毒并发急性肺水肿分析

目的 探讨有机磷农药急性中毒并发急性肺水肿的机理、临床特点、影像学特征及治疗方法。方法 分析1994年1月-1998年12月间,经抢救和治疗的52例有机磷农药急性中毒并发急性肺水肿患的症状、胸部X线摄片、诊断及治疗结果的临床资料。结果 52例患中44例（84.6%),治愈好转出院,死亡8例（15.4%),其中死于肺水肿致呼吸衰竭3例（5.8%)。结论 急性有机磷农药中毒并发急性肺水肿临床特点和X线表现早期表现不明显,易被中毒的其它全身表现所掩盖。在治疗措施上,既要针对肺水肿的临床表现,又要考虑到原发疾病的病因治疗。     

Increasing cardiac troponin-I level as a cardiac injury index correlates with in-hospital mortality and biofactors in severe hospitalised COVID-19 patients

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 raised in 2019 (COVID-19) affects the lung tissue and other organs, specifically the heart.MethodsThe current study evaluated 120 hospitalised patients with severe COVID-19 between March 2021 and February 2022. Patients' demographics, vital signs, electrocardiogram abnormalities, clinical laboratory tests, including troponin I (TPI), mortality, and discharge type, were recorded.ResultsAmong the 120 hospitalised patients with severe COVID-19, 54 (45.0%) patients were male, with an average age of 63.2 ± 1.4. Many patients have chronic comorbidities, including hypertension (51.6%), diabetes mellitus (34.1%), and ischemic heart disease (17.5%). The in-hospital and six months after the discharge mortality were 45.8% and 21.5%, respectively. Cardiac injury was observed in 14 (11.7%) patients with a mean TPI level of 8.386 ± 17.89 μg/L, and patients with cardiac injury had higher mortality than those without cardiac injury (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the cardiac injury was meaningfully correlated with age (ρ = 0.182, P = 0.019), history of ischemic heart disease (ρ = 0.176, P = 0.05), hospitalisation result and mortality (ρ = 0.261, P = 0.004), inpatient in ICU (ρ = 0.219, P = 0.016), and serum levels of urea (ρ = 0.244, P = 0.008) and creatinine (ρ = 0.197, P = 0.033). Additionally, the discharge results were significantly correlated with oxygen saturation with (ρ = ?0.23, P = 0.02) and without (ρ = ?0.3, P = 0.001) oxygen therapy, D-dimer (ρ = 0.328, P = 0.019), LDH (ρ = 0.308, P = 0.003), urea (ρ = 0.2, P = 0.03), and creatinine (ρ = 0.17, P = 0.06) levels.ConclusionElevated TPI levels are associated with increased mortality in severe COVID-19 patients. Therefore, TPI may be a beneficial biofactor for early diagnosis of cardiac injury and preventing a high mortality rate.     

重症有机磷中毒尿路感染的护理研究

目的 探讨ICU内急性重症有机磷农药中毒患者在抢救治疗时合并尿路感染的病原学特点与护理措施。方法 对ICU内的68例急性重症有机磷农药中毒留置导尿的患者,在治疗48h后,采取中段尿作细菌培养、定量分析及药敏试验,细菌学资料作统计学分析。结果 采取中段尿作细菌培养68例次,22次细菌培养阳性。分离菌株9种、24株细菌。主要以革兰阴性杆菌为主,18株占75％,革兰阳性球菌6株占25％。这些细菌具有多耐药性和较高的耐药率。结论 ICU内急性再症有机磷农药中毒留置导尿的患者易并发尿路感染。应进行病原微生物学监测,加强临床观察和护理措施,减少医源性感染,提高ICU内急性重症有机磷农药中毒的抢救成功率。     

Comparison of diagnostic performance of cardiac troponin I on the IMMULITE system with other automated troponin I assays in minor myocardial damage

An analytical and clinical evaluation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) on the IMMULITE system is presented. The assay results were compared with those of the Stratus II and the Dimension RxL-HM.A between-run imprecision CV&lt;20% was found at a cTnI concentration of 0.23 µ g/L (functional limit of detection). On the basis of a reference study including 215 patients without ischemic heart disease (97.5th percentile: 0.294 µ g/L) and 36 patients clinically classified as having stable angina pectoris (&lt;0.22 µ g/L) a preliminary cutoff level of 0.3 µ g/L was defined. Assay linearity, sample stability, influence of sample material and method comparison studies were performed. In patients with Duchenne's disease, chronic hemodialysis treatment, pulmonary embolism, coronary artery bypass surgery and minimally cardiacsurgery thecTnI results ofthe IMMULITE agreed better with the Dimension RxL-HM than with theStratus II data.Of142 samples from patients with unstable angina 67 samples were classified as cTnI positive with the IMMULITE, 76 with the Dimension RxL-HM, and 62 with the Stratus II. In conclusion, the new assay is sensitive for the determination of cTnI and easy to perform within 45min.     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者内皮微粒与心肌损伤的关系

目的 观察ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者外周血内皮微粒(CD31 +/CD42b-)的水平,探讨CD31 +/CD42b-内皮微粒与传统心肌损伤指标的相关性.方法 随机选取2010年1月至2010年12月经冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病患者44例,其中稳定性心绞痛(SAP)患者22例,ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者22例;同期门诊体检健康的对照组22例进行前瞻性观察研究.应用流式细胞仪检测入院时外周血CD31+/CD42b-内皮微粒的水平,应用生化分析仪检测肌酸激酶(CK)及其同工酶(CK-MB),高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等;用化学发光仪检测肌钙蛋白I(cTnl).STEMI组每4h检测心肌损伤标志物直至入院后48 h.分析入院时血CD31 +/CD42b-内皮微粒与心肌损伤标志物峰值的关系.结果 STEMI患者外周血CD31+/CD42b-内皮微粒的水平显著高于SAP组、正常对照组(P＜0.01),且SAP组与健康对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).STEMI患者心肌损伤标志物(CK,CK-MB,cTnI和hs-CRP)与循环血CD31 +/CD42b -的Spearman相关性分析结果分别为:r=0.489,P=0.021;r=0.501,P=0.018;r =0.491,P=0.02;r =0.612,P=0.002.结论 外周血CD31+/CD42b-内皮微粒的水平有可能成为预测STEMI患者心肌损伤的指标.     

COPD and asthma therapeutics for supportive treatment in organophosphate poisoning

Context: Nerve agents like sarin or VX have repeatedly been used in military conflicts or homicidal attacks, as seen in Syria or Malaysia 2017. Together with pesticides, nerve agents assort as organophosphorus compounds (OP), which inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. To counteract subsequent fatal symptoms due to acetylcholine (ACh) accumulation, oximes plus atropine are administered, a regimen that lacks efficacy in several cases of OP poisoning. New therapeutics are in development, but still need evaluation before clinical employment. Supportive treatment with already approved drugs presents an alternative, whereby compounds from COPD and asthma therapy are likely options. A recent pilot study by Chowdhury et al. included β2-agonist salbutamol in the treatment of OP-pesticide poisoned patients, yielding ambiguous results concerning the addition. Here, we provide experimental data for further investigations regarding the value of these drugs in OP poisoning.

Methods: By video-microscopy, changes in airway area were analyzed in VX-poisoned rat precision cut lung slices (PCLS) after ACh-induced airway contraction and subsequent application of selected anticholinergics/β2-agonists.

Results: Glycopyrrolate and ipratropium efficiently antagonized an ACh-induced airway contraction in VX-poisoned PCLS (EC₅₀ glycopyrrolate 15.8?nmol/L, EC₅₀ ipratropium 2.3?nmol/L). β2-agonists formoterol and salbutamol had only negligible effects when solely applied in the same setting. However, combination of formoterol or salbutamol with low dosed glycopyrrolate or atropine led to an additive effect compared to the sole application [50.6?±?8.8% airway area increase after 10?nmol/L formoterol +1?nmol/L atropine versus 11.7?±?9.2% (10?nmol/L formoterol) or 8.6?±?5.9% (1?nmol/L atropine)].

Discussion: We showed antagonizing effects of anticholinergics and β2-agonists on ACh-induced airway contractions in VX-poisoned PCLS, thus providing experimental data to support a prospective comprehensive clinical study.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that COPD and asthma therapeutics could be a valuable addition to the treatment of OP poisoning.