中药中农药残留检测方法研究

目的 探讨中药中农药残留的检测方法.方法 分析当前中药中农药残留现状,对中药中农药残留检测前处理技术及检测方法进行阐述分析.结果 色谱法、免疫分析法、联用法在中药中农药残留检测方面均具有不同的优缺点.结论 不同的检测方法给中药中农药残留的快速检测提供了有力的参考.     

中药中外源性有害残留物监控的现状与建议

目的分析中药中以重金属及有害元素、黄曲霉毒素、农药残留为代表的外源性污染现状,提出安全性控制建议。方法分析了近年来中药材中外源性有害残留物危害种类、相关药害事件及样品普查情况。结果提出现阶段影响中药安全性的最主要外源性污染物为重金属和真菌毒素残留,农药残留则应区别对待,有机氯及部分有机磷类农残应重点监控。结论《中国药典》等国家药品标准应进一步提高完善检测技术,并在更广泛的基础上制订科学、可行的限量标准。     

《中国药典》2020年版外源性有害物质标准现状及制定思路

《中国药典》一直以来十分关注中药外源性有害物质的污染情况,并且不断加深相关品种的质量标准研究.《中国药典》自2000年版起制定了部分品种的重金属及有害元素、农药残留的限量标准,并逐步增加品种数目及控制指标,至《中国药典》2020年版提出针对所有植物类药材及饮片的33种禁用农药残留限量要求,进一步全方位加强中药安全性质量...     

近30年中药农药残留研究状况与探讨

该文通过对近30年关于中药残留农药的检测方法、残留农药种类、含残留农药中药品种研究的248篇期刊文献进行了统计和分析,结果显示对中药农残的研究日趋深入,但研究的中药品种有待扩大。该文对中药农药残留的监测、国家药品标准韵制定及中药农残的研究方向提供了依据和参考。     

川白芷药材中有机磷类农药残留量的测定

目的 制定川白芷药材中有机磷类农药最大残留的限量标准(MRLs).方法采用乙酸乙酯冰浴超声提取,SPE活性炭固相萃取柱净化除杂质,GC - NPD法检测药材中有机磷类农药的残留量.结果建议将川白芷药材中有机磷类农药的最大残留限量规定为:敌敌畏0.2μg·g-1、乙酰甲胺磷0.5μg·g-1、乐果0.2 μg·g-1、马...     

山东道地药材瓜蒌中无机元素及农药残留量的检测

目的 检测山东道地药材瓜蒌中无机元素和农药残留量.方法 用原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法测定无机元素,以气相色谱法测定农药残留量.结果 与结论 6个栽培品种15个瓜萎样本的重金属和农药残留均符合国内外的相关标准,并拟订了瓜蒌药材中有害物质的限量.     

三七、枸杞、金银花——农药残留何时了

新闻回顾： 7月1日,国际环保组织绿色和平发布《药中药：海外市场中药材农药残留检测报告》称,对美国、加拿大和英国等七个国家的市场上产自中国的中药材产品进行了抽样检测,发现样品中含有多种农药残留,甚至包括世界卫生组织归类为高毒或剧毒的农药,其中大部分样品农药残留含量超出欧盟限量规定。     

中药有害残留物限量制定原则及其影响因素

人体长期过量摄入残留农药、重金属和生物毒素可能对身体健康造成损害。因此,中药材和其制剂质量标准中有害残留物的最大限量制定是构成标准的重要组成部分。本文通过查阅大量国外研究报道的有关农药残留、重金属和黄曲霉毒素的毒理学相关实验数据和国内外药品标准,分析有关标准中有害残留物理论最大限量计算方法,模拟计算其最大限量理论值,并将其与中外药品标准中已有最大限量标准进行比较,分析影响限量确定的因素,阐明了标准中有害残留物最大限量制定方法和原则。     

当归、党参、黄芪和甘草中农药多组分残留检测技术的研究进展

近年来,中药中农药残留污染问题引起广泛关注.甘肃省是中国中药材的主产区之一,中药材的出口贸易快速增长,但是,近年来农药残留物超标问题阻碍了中药产品进入国际市场,严重影响了中药产业的发展.针对甘肃省大宗道地药材当归、党参、甘草和黄芪,本文综述了 2009-2019年农药残留检测方法和国内标准的差距,并提出针对中药中农药多...     

中药配方颗粒中农药残留控制现状与策略

中药配方颗粒是传统中药饮片的传承与发展。农药残留是中药饮片质量安全的主要危害因子之一,也是主要风险来源。因此,以中药饮片为原料制备的中药配方颗粒,同样存在农药残留风险。目前,《中国药典》（2020年版）收载了药材、饮片中部分农药残留的检测方法,使部分禁用农药监督抽检有标可依,而中药配方颗粒由于样品基质的差异,虽能参照《中国药典》中的检测方法,但专属性不强。因此,亟需对中药配方颗粒中农药残留的检测方法进行探索性研究,评估其风险等级,制定专属性标准。本文分析了中药配方颗粒中农药残留控制现状与面临挑战,并提出应对策略,以期为中药配方颗粒中农药残留控制提供一定参考。     

A fast screening method for multi-residue pesticide analysis of TCM herbs using liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flightmass spectrometry

OBJECTIVE Identification of pesticide residues in TCM herbs is important for drug safety and public health.However,it is very challenging for the development of an instrument-based multi-residue pesticide analysis method for theherbalproducts due to their complex matrix.This study aims to develop a rapid method for the high-throughput detection of pesticide residues in TCM herbal products using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupoletime of flight(LC-QTOF)mass spectrometry.METHODS In this study,we attempt to investigate possible pesticide residues in TCM herbal products which are commonly available in Singapore and to consolidate a comprehensive pesticide database for more than 250 regulated pesticides in FDA Regulations.We also attempt to perform non-targeted and targeted screenings of pesticide residues in herbal products by searching our database.RESULTS The developed LC-QTOF method demonstrates have high mass accuracy,resolution and selectivity,which makes it a very suitable tool for monitoring both target and non-target pesticides with a limit of detection at the low ppb level.Moreover,the LC-QTOF technology permits to retain all spectral data in a single run.It may avoid many difficulties related to matrix effects and will save much manpower.CONCLUSIONThis means that a variety of TCM herbs can be easily detected by this method for the presence or absence of pesticide residues that must conform to government regulations.     

中药中二氧化硫残留的检测方法与最大残留限量分析

为了正确认识和解决中药中二氧化硫残留超标问题,对亚硫酸盐类的应用、安全性、检测方法和最大残留限量进行了综述和分析。同时对200多种共计2 000余批次中药材和饮片进行了残留量测定,结果表明总体合格率为74.24%(以150 mg.kg-1为最大残留限量),一些品种超标问题严重,亟待加强对硫磺熏蒸的规范和二氧化硫残留量的监督检验。     

Safety issues and new rapid detection methods in traditional Chinese medicinal materials

The safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a major strategic issue that involves human health. With the continuous improvement in disease prevention and treatment, the export of TCM and its related products has increased dramatically in China. However, the frequent safety issues of Chinese medicine have become the ‘bottleneck’ impeding the modernization of TCM. It was proved that mycotoxins seriously affect TCM safety; the pesticide residues of TCM are a key problem in TCM international trade; adulterants have also been detected, which is related to market circulation. These three factors have greatly affected TCM safety. In this study, fast, highly effective, economically-feasible and accurate detection methods concerning TCM safety issues were reviewed, especially on the authenticity, mycotoxins and pesticide residues of medicinal materials.Key Words: Traditional Chinese medicine, Safety issue, Rapid detection, Mycotoxins, Pesticide residues, Authentication, 2D DNA barcodes, TraceabilityAbbreviations: AA, aristolochic acid, Afs, aflatoxins; DON, deoxynivalenol, GICA, gold immunochromatographic assay; LOD, limit of detection, OTA, ochratoxin A; PAs, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; SSCP, single-strand conformation polymorphism, ZEN, zearalenone     

加味逍遥片及其处方中药材的农药多残留研究

目的:以加味逍遥片及其处方中的6种药材,2种提取物作为研究对象,对其中231种农药残留情况进行检测,为加味逍遥片中农药残留情况研究及限度制定提供参考依据.方法:以《欧洲药典》规定的植物药中农药检测指标结合我国农药实际使用调研,共筛选出231个农药品种作为本方法的检测对象.对前处理方式进行考察和优化,针对加味逍遥片生产过...     

不同检测样品对孕妇及胎儿农药接触情况评价的影响

随着农药越来越广泛的应用,其对人类特别是通过孕妇暴露而间接对胎儿发育造成的影响,已引起社会的广泛关注、是目前公共卫生领域研究的热点问题之一。准确地检测孕妇体内以及胎儿体内的农药残留量,以便尽可能早的启动干预措施预防和加强对孕妇和胎儿的保护就显得越来越重要了,但是选用何种样本的检测结果作为一种可靠的、标准的判断指标,到目前为止,无论在国际上还是在国内,都还没有一个较为统一的观点。这里就近几年来国内、外有关孕妇及胎儿的农药检测的样本的选择及其保存做了一个概括性的介绍,并通过检测结果评价了每种样本各自的优缺点。     

GC-MS/MS法同时测定三七片和三七胶囊中24种农药残留量

目的建立同时测定三七片和三七胶囊中24种农药残留量的分析方法。方法样品经丙酮超声提取后用固相分散法(PSA和C18)净化,采用GC-MS/MS法进行测定。结果方法回收率在70%~119%之间,RSD值均低于15%,符合农药多残留测定要求。农药检测限均不高于0.01mg·kg~(-1)。结论该方法简单、快速、灵敏、重复性好,可用于三七片和三七胶囊中24种农药残留量的测定。     

Comparison of pesticide exposure from consumption of domestic and imported fruits and vegetables

Estimates of daily dietary human exposure to 18 common pesticides found in fruits and vegetables were developed from residue data obtained from the 2003 US Food and Drug Administration’s Regulatory Monitoring Program using probabilistic dietary exposure modeling. The differences between the exposures from domestic versus imported fruit and vegetable residues were compared. Of the 15 pesticides for which quantifiable residues were detected from both domestic and imported fruit and vegetable samples, domestic exposures were significantly higher for 11 pesticides while imported exposures were higher for the remaining four. The five pesticides showing the highest exposures all demonstrated greater domestic exposures than imported exposures. The mean daily exposure estimate for one pesticide, methamidophos, was above the reference dose for domestic fruits and vegetables while slightly below the reference dose for imported fruits and vegetables. Exposures to the other 17 pesticides were well below the established reference doses for domestic and imported fruits and vegetables. Exposure from pesticides in domestic foods exceeds exposure from imported foods and demonstrates that probabilistic modeling of dietary exposure provides more useful information concerning the relative risks of domestic and imported foods than that obtained from the traditional comparisons of residue detection frequency and violation rates.     

常用中药饮片中二氧化硫残留量的测定

目的：测定10种每种8个批次共80个批次常用中药饮片中二氧化硫残留量,其中有8个品种为药典委员会拟定公示的重点监测品种,二氧化硫残留限度为400 mg/kg。方法：采用《中华人民共和国药典》（2010年版）收载的酸蒸馏碘滴定法。结果：8种共18个批次中药饮片中均有二氧化硫残留量超出公示拟定的限量,其中党参和当归的二氧化硫残留量不合格率超过50%。结论：中药饮片中二氧化硫残留量过高现象普遍,应在加大监管力度的同时,寻找去硫方法,探索更安全的防霉防腐新方法。     

中药陈药研究现状及思路探讨

目的:为中药陈药理论研究提供借鉴和思路。方法:挖掘本草文献,梳理现代研究文献,分析中药陈药应用历史和特色,明确研究现状和存在问题,并提出研究思路。结果:中药陈药应用历史悠久,国内学者对其应用进行了研究,但仍存在陈药的必要性、原理、时限等不明确以及研究方法不恰当等问题;其研究应该在固定并注意陈化条件下,引入过程论思想,采用"自始至终(从新品到陈品)"的研究思路。结论:中药陈药应用是中医临床一大特色,应深入研究陈化过程,为中药陈用理论的现代研究奠定基础。