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Karli E. Dill Rebecca L. Begalle Barnett S. Frank Steven M. Zinder Darin A. Padua 《Journal of Athletic Training》2014,49(6):723-732
Context:
Ankle-dorsiflexion (DF) range of motion (ROM) may influence movement variables that are known to affect anterior cruciate ligament loading, such as knee valgus and knee flexion. To our knowledge, researchers have not studied individuals with limited or normal ankle DF-ROM to investigate the relationship between those factors and the lower extremity movement patterns associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury.Objective:
To determine, using 2 different measurement techniques, whether knee- and ankle-joint kinematics differ between participants with limited and normal ankle DF-ROM.Design:
Cross-sectional study.Setting:
Sports medicine research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:
Forty physically active adults (20 with limited ankle DF-ROM, 20 with normal ankle DF-ROM).Main Outcome Measure(s):
Ankle DF-ROM was assessed using 2 techniques: (1) nonweight-bearing ankle DF-ROM with the knee straight, and (2) weight-bearing lunge (WBL). Knee flexion, knee valgus-varus, knee internal-external rotation, and ankle DF displacements were assessed during the overhead-squat, single-legged squat, and jump-landing tasks. Separate 1-way analyses of variance were performed to determine whether differences in knee- and ankle-joint kinematics existed between the normal and limited groups for each assessment.Results:
We observed no differences between the normal and limited groups when classifying groups based on nonweight-bearing passive-ankle DF-ROM. However, individuals with greater ankle DF-ROM during the WBL displayed greater knee-flexion and ankle-DF displacement and peak knee flexion during the overhead-squat and single-legged squat tasks. In addition, those individuals also demonstrated greater knee-varus displacement during the single-legged squat.Conclusions:
Greater ankle DF-ROM assessed during the WBL was associated with greater knee-flexion and ankle-DF displacement during both squatting tasks as well as greater knee-varus displacement during the single-legged squat. Assessment of ankle DF-ROM using the WBL provided important insight into compensatory movement patterns during squatting, whereas nonweight-bearing passive ankle DF-ROM did not. Improving ankle DF-ROM during the WBL may be an important intervention for altering high-risk movement patterns commonly associated with noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury.Key Words: knee flexion, knee valgus, knee varus, anterior cruciate ligament, squat, jump landingKey Points
- Nonweight-bearing ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion was not associated with changes in ankle or knee kinematics during the overhead-squat, single-legged squat, or jump-landing task.
- Greater ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion during the weight-bearing lunge resulted in greater sagittal-plane motion at the knee and ankle during the squatting tasks but not the jump landing.
- Compared with nonweight-bearing passive measures, ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion during the weight-bearing lunge may be a more sensitive measure for identifying those with high-risk movement patterns.
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《中国生物医学工程学报(英文版)》1997,(3)
1.IntroductionThekineticandkinematicsanalysisofthelower-limbsofable-bodiesisnotonlyanimportantpartofbiomechanics,butalsothefundamentalinvestigationonrehabilitationofthepeoplewithlowerlimbdisabilities,Inlastafewyears,aprototypeofintelligentlowerlimbprosthesishasbeendevelopedatTsinghuaUniversity.Inordertolettheintelligentprosthesisbesuitabletovariablewalkingspeed,itisnecessarytostudytheinfluenceofwalkingspeedonKneemoment.Inthispaper,thedisplacementsandtemporaldistancefactorsandgroundreactionfo… 相似文献
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M. E. Reid 《ISBT科学丛刊》2012,7(1):41-43
As of July 2010, 24 of the 30 blood group systems recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) are protein-based. These proteins are oriented within the red cell membrane as single pass membrane proteins, multi-pass proteins, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins, or adsorbed from the plasma. At the 2010 meeting of the ISBT working party on the red cell immunogenetics and blood group terminology, 14 ‘new’ high-incidence blood group antigens were ratified into 10 of the systems, one antigen was made obsolete, and a new collection was established. Early in 2012, two new protein-based blood group systems were established. Both are members of the ATP-binding cassette family of proteins. 相似文献
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《Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology》2013,42(3):557-565
We evaluated the ability of the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to (a) discriminate between youth with an anxiety disorder and youth without a disorder, (b) discriminate between youth with an anxiety disorder and youth with either externalizing disorders or affective disorders, and (c) measure treatment change. In addition, variables, including age and sex, were explored as possible moderators of instrument utility. A meta-analysis of 43 articles was conducted. A large effect size was found when the instruments were used to compare youth with an anxiety disorder to youth without a disorder. When comparing anxious youth to psychiatric control groups, the picture was mixed; the instruments were found to be useful when discriminating between youth with an anxiety disorder and youth with an externalizing disorder, but not between youth with an anxiety disorder and children and adolescents with an affective disorder. The RCMAS, STAIC, and CBCL were found to be moderately sensitive to treatment gains. 相似文献
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《The Knee》1999,6(2):95-101
There is a need for an accurate representation of arthroscopic knee findings on a diagram. The first time in the literature this Knee Diagram is generated, using three-dimensional projection of the four dissected cadaveric knees articular surfaces. Computer-aided design and drafting software is utilized to find the average dimensions of the four cadaveric knee surfaces. Mercator earth projection principle is applied in drawing the `latitude lines' on the femoral condyles at different degrees of knee flexion, corresponding to the anterior edge of the tibial articular surface as the reference point. This Knee Diagram using the tibial articular margin as a reference point, is not only useful for the accurate representation of the arthroscopic knee findings but also the most useful way to correlate the MRI findings of the femoral cartilage defect with the arthroscopic findings. Most useful of all are the reference latitude lines of the femoral condyles that remain a fixed landmark for that particular knee and thus helps to locate the same lesion at repeated arthroscopic evaluations, by different observers. A grid on the diagram helps to map the cartilage defect in millimetres. In this era of research on cartilage grafting, we think this Knee Diagram will be particularly useful to document and follow-up knee lesions in a more scientific way. 相似文献
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《Ultrastructural pathology》2013,37(5):243-248
Ribosome-lamella complexes (RLCs) are mainly observed in a variety of hematological disorders and occasionally in solid neoplasms and in nonneoplastic diseases. These intracytoplasmic organelles are held to arise from rough endoplasmic reticulum, but, in agreement with more recent literature data, their function is still unclear. Ultrastructural analysis of glomeruli from a patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis secondary to metabolic syndrome disclosed significant foot process loss and abundant cytoskeletal proteins in major podocyte processes; two of the latter also displayed RLCs. This is the second report of RLCs in human renal glomerulus. Their close association with cytoskeletal proteins and lysosomes suggests a relationship with abnormal protein biosynthesis. 相似文献
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Shaye Kivity Uriel Katz Natalie Daniel Udi Nussinovitch Neophytos Papageorgiou Yehuda Shoenfeld 《Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology》2010,38(2-3):201-269
Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) were first introduced in the middle of the twentieth century for the treatment of primary immunodeficiencies. In 1981, Paul Imbach noticed an improvement of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, in patients receiving IVIg for immunodeficiencies. This opened a new era for the treatment of autoimmune conditions with IVIg. Since then, IVIg has become an important treatment option in a wide spectrum of diseases, including autoimmune and acute inflammatory conditions, most of them off-label (not included in the US Food and Drug Administration recommendation). A panel of immunologists and internists with experience in IVIg therapy reviewed the medical literature for published data concerning treatment with IVIg. The quality of evidence was assessed, and a summary of the available relevant literature in each disease was given. To our knowledge, this is the first all-inclusive comprehensive review, developed to assist the clinician when considering the use of IVIg in autoimmune diseases, immune deficiencies, and other conditions. 相似文献
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Paul de Figueiredo Thomas A. Ficht Allison Rice-Ficht Carlos A. Rossetti L. Garry Adams 《The American journal of pathology》2015,185(6):1505-1517
This review of Brucella–host interactions and immunobiology discusses recent discoveries as the basis for pathogenesis-informed rationales to prevent or treat brucellosis. Brucella spp., as animal pathogens, cause human brucellosis, a zoonosis that results in worldwide economic losses, human morbidity, and poverty. Although Brucella spp. infect humans as an incidental host, 500,000 new human infections occur annually, and no patient-friendly treatments or approved human vaccines are reported. Brucellae display strong tissue tropism for lymphoreticular and reproductive systems with an intracellular lifestyle that limits exposure to innate and adaptive immune responses, sequesters the organism from the effects of antibiotics, and drives clinical disease manifestations and pathology. Stealthy brucellae exploit strategies to establish infection, including i) evasion of intracellular destruction by restricting fusion of type IV secretion system-dependent Brucella-containing vacuoles with lysosomal compartments, ii) inhibition of apoptosis of infected mononuclear cells, and iii) prevention of dendritic cell maturation, antigen presentation, and activation of naive T cells, pathogenesis lessons that may be informative for other intracellular pathogens. Data sets of next-generation sequences of Brucella and host time-series global expression fused with proteomics and metabolomics data from in vitro and in vivo experiments now inform interactive cellular pathways and gene regulatory networks enabling full-scale systems biology analysis. The newly identified effector proteins of Brucella may represent targets for improved, safer brucellosis vaccines and therapeutics.It is noteworthy that long ago in his publication Epidemics, Hippocrates described brucellosis-type syndromes in humans living in the Mediterranean littoral. Many centuries later, British physician, David Bruce, and Greek physician, Themistokles Zammit, in 1886 would discover the causative agent, Micrococcus melitensis, of brucellosis and would identify milk products of goats as the source of infection for military troops on the island of Malta. Even after more than a century of extensive research, Brucella spp. are still serious animal pathogens that cause brucellosis, a zoonosis that results in substantial economic losses, human morbidity, and perpetuates poverty worldwide.1 These Gram-negative bacteria infect a diverse array of land and aquatic mammals, including swine, cattle, goat, sheep, dogs, dolphins, whales, seals, and desert wood rats. Traditionally, the genus Brucella consisted of six recognized species, grouped according to their primary host preferences, that is, B. abortus, cattle; B. melitensis, sheep and goats; B. suis, pigs; B. ovis, sheep; B. canis, dogs; and B. neotomae, wood desert rats. Recent isolates from human (B. inopinata), aquatic mammals (B. pinnipedialis and B. ceti), and a common vole (B. microti) are recognized as new species, bringing the current number to 10 species in the genus. The basis for host preference remains an open question, although there may be a role for pseudogenes that influence host adaptation. The global disease burden in livestock is enormous. Conservative estimates are that >300 million of the 1.4 billion worldwide cattle population is infected with the pathogen. Brucellosis in animals results in abortion and other disease manifestations.Brucella spp. infects humans as an incidental host. Human infection usually results from direct contact with tissues or blood from infected animals or by consumption of contaminated animal products, including unpasteurized milk and cheeses. In fact, >500,000 new human infections are estimated to occur annually. Brucellosis in humans typically presents with high, undulating fever. However, chronic brucellosis may affect many host organs, leading to arthritis, orchitis, hepatitis, encephalomyelitis, and endocarditis2,3 (Figure 1). Arthritis represents the most common complication. The diverse manifestations of the disease complicate diagnosis. Brucellosis has eluded systematic attempts at eradication for more than a century, even in most developed countries, and no approved human vaccine is available. The low number of virulent organisms required for infection combined with the capacity for aerosolization renders Brucella spp. as category B pathogens and potential agents for bioterrorism. With an infectious dose of 10 to 100 organisms, the calculated financial risk of such an attack is second only to anthrax and tularemia. In addition, the threat of deliberate release poses a direct risk to public health in an urban population that cannot be mitigated through the normal approach of animal vaccination. Brucellosis in humans and livestock are relatively uncommon in industrialized nations because of routine screening of domestic livestock and animal vaccination. However, brucellosis is endemic in many developing regions of the globe, including the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and South America, and in the United States where foci of disease remain because of persistent infection in wildlife species. This review of Brucella–host interactions and Brucella immunobiology is intended to present recent pathogenetic discoveries as the basis for pathogenesis-informed rationales to prevent and treat brucellosis.Open in a separate windowFigure 1Hepatic and vertebral histopathology of human brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis. A: Percutaneous liver biopsy. Mild nonspecific lymphocytic periportal hepatitis (arrow); stained with H&E. B: Percutaneous liver biopsy, culture positive for Brucella melitensis. Early-stage hepatic microgranuloma formation (arrow); stained with H&E. C: Guided needle core biopsy of vertebral body and epidural abscess, culture positive for Brucella melitensis. Lymphohistiocytic discitis osteomyelitis with dense cellular aggregates (arrow); stained with Diff-quik. Panels A and B are reproduced from Young et al2 with permission from Elsevier. Panel C was provided by Drs. Supriya Narasimhan and Michael L. Deftos (Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, CA). Original magnification, ×40. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin. 相似文献
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《中国生物医学工程学报(英文版)》2015,(2):65
<正>Lower-extremity exoskeletons have been actively investigated in the past few decades intending to augment the locomotion performance of able-bodied users in terms of metabolic cost,load carrying capacity,fatigue,and muscle force generation.While development efforts have been extensive,lowerlimb exoskeleton devices have demonstrated limited success in achieving their augmentation goals, 相似文献
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Shvets-Ténéta-Gurii TB Troshin GI Novikova MR Khonicheva NM Shostak OA Borovskaya IV 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》2003,33(7):645-650
Freely mobile mongrel male rats weighing 300–350 g were used for studies of changes in the oxidative-reductive (redox) state of brain tissue during cycles of waking, slow-wave sleep, and paradoxical sleep, by recording the potential of the oxidative-reductive state of brain tissue with platinum electrodes implanted into the cerebral cortex ad hippocampus. Electromyograms were also recorded from the cervical muscles, and overall movement activity was also recorded. A common platinum reference electrode was implanted into the nasal bones. These experiments showed that in rats, episodes of waking and paradoxical sleep occurred on the background of increases in the oxidation-reduction potential state of brain tissue at a series of brain points, which we termed metabolically active. Transitions from waking and paradoxical sleep to slow-wave sleep were accompanied by decreases in the potential of the redox state. The magnitude of changes in the tissue redox state varied up to 100 mV. It is suggested that transitions from waking and paradoxical sleep to slow-wave sleep are accompanied by dynamic changes in the balance of brain tissue energy metabolism between the main energy sources. Oxidative phosphorylation dominates in waking and paradoxical sleep, while aerobic glycolysis dominates slow-wave sleep. We suggest that this latter should be interpreted as a decrease in the potential of the tissue redox state and the formation within the tissue of oscillations during slow-wave sleep. Formation of oscillations is typical for acceleration of glycolytic processes. Recently published data suggest that the major compartment or aerobic glycolysis is the astroglia. 相似文献
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G. Ya. Roshchina V. I. Koroleva V. I. Davydov 《Neuroscience and behavioral physiology》2011,41(8):772-780
Spectral EEG analysis studies showed that in the state of “animal hypnosis,” the known increase in the power of biopotentials in the delta frequency range (0.3–3 Hz) and decrease in the theta range (4–8 Hz) were accompanied by an increase in the sigma range (12–17 Hz) by a factor of 2–4 and a decrease in the gamma range by a factor of 1.5–2, particularly in the band 40–70 Hz. These changes were more marked in the anterior areas of the cerebral cortex. The effects of the hypnotic state on pharmacologically (ketamine) induced increases in gamma activity of cortical origin were studied. Administration of subanesthetic doses of ketamine to rabbits induced motor arousal, while brain electrical activity showed longlasting (up to 2 h) increases in gamma activity. Creation of the hypnotic state on the background of ketamine produced a virtually instantaneous rearrangement of the power spectrum, which sharp increases in values in the slow-wave frequency range and a decrease in gamma activity, which returned to the baseline level. Thus, creation of the hypnotic state eliminated the specific ketamine-induced rearrangements of biopotentials, suggesting that animal hypnosis has stabilizing and to some extent protective effects in behavioral states accompanied by hyperlocomotion and stress. 相似文献
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Xavier Bargalló Anna Carrera Xavier Sala-Blanch Gorane Santamaría Rosa Morro Manuel LLusá Rosa Gilabert 《Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA》2010,32(3):305-314
Background
Sonography allows good visualization of the peripheral nerves and the vascular and muscular structures that surround them. Our goals are to provide an easy-to-use atlas that gives accurate information about the locations and relations among the nerves in the different parts of the arm and to correlate it with the probe position and the ultrasound images. 相似文献19.
Deborah L. Jones Adam W. Carrico Suat Babayigit Violeta J. Rodriguez Carlos Aguila Mahendra Kumar 《Journal of behavioral medicine》2018,41(6):792-797
Methamphetamine and HIV impair thyroid function, but few studies have investigated their combined effects on thyroid dysregulation. This study examined the associations of methamphetamine use alone and in combination with HIV on thyroid function among men in South Florida. Measures of thyroid function in methamphetamine-using, HIV-infected (METH+HIV+; n?=?127) and HIV-negative (METH+HIV?; n?=?46) men who have sex with men (MSM) were compared to non-methamphetamine-using, HIV-negative men (METH?HIV?; n?=?136). Thyroid function was dysregulated in methamphetamine-using MSM, irrespective of HIV status. Both meth-using groups had greater odds of abnormal thyroid stimulating hormone levels and significantly higher mean free triiodothyronine (T3) levels. Elevated free T3 was associated with greater depressive symptoms. Overall, outcomes have important implications for assessment of thyroid function in methamphetamine users, particularly among those presenting with depression. 相似文献
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A cryptic focus of excitation (a dominant focus) was created in the brains of rabbits by threshold stimulation of the left
limb with a current at a frequency of 0.5 Hz. After creation of a focus, there were equal probabilities of detecting pairs
of neurons whose linked activity was dominated by a 2-sec rhythm in the sensorimotor cortex of both the right and left hemispheres
(29.3% and 32.4%, respectively). When animals were placed in “animal hypnosis,” the total proportion of neuron pairs whose
activity was dominated by the rhythm created by establishment of the dominant decreased significantly only in the right hemisphere
(21%). After exiting the state of animal hypnosis, the proportion of neurons in the cortex of the right hemisphere whose activity
was dominated by the 2-sec rhythm increased significantly if the neurons in the pair were close-lying but decreased significantly
if the neurons in the pair were mutually distant. No such changes after hypnotization were seen in the cortex of the left
hemisphere. In both the right and left hemispheres, dominance of the 2-sec rhythm in the activity of pairs of neurons was
seen significantly more frequently when cross-correlation histograms were constructed by analyzing cells in relation to the
spike activity of neurons generating spikes of the lowest (right hemisphere) or lowest and intermediate (left hemisphere)
amplitude on neurograms of multineuron activity.
Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 183–193, March–April, 2008. 相似文献